Countermeasures for the Protection and Sustainable Development of Forestry Resources

Firstly,the problems of the protection and sustainable development of forestry resources were analyzed,such as lack of overall planning for the protection of forestry resources,insufficient investment in the protection of forestry resources,etc.Afterwards,the corresponding countermeasures were proposed,such as making overall planning for sustainable forestry development,increasing the investment in the protection of forestry resources,improving the forestry management system,etc.

Coupling and Long-term Change Characteristics of Forest Carbon Sink and Forestry Economic Development in China

[Objectives]To analyze the changes in of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development,provide reference for relevant management decisions,ecological governance and resource and environment management,and promote the development of green low-carbon economy in China.[Methods]Based on the data of six forest resource inventories from 1989 to 2018 and related studies,the comprehensive evaluation model of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development,the coupling degree model of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development,and the coupling coordination degree model of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development were adopted.The coupling degree of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development from 1992 to 2018 was analyzed.Stepwise regression and ARIMA model were used to analyze the influencing factors and lagging characteristics of forest carbon sink.The coupling degree between forest carbon sink and forestry economic development in China from 2019 to 2030 was predicted by autoregression and ADF test.The coupling between forest carbon sink and forestry economic development in China and its long-term change characteristics were also discussed in this study.[Results](i)The investment of ecological construction and protection,the actual investment of forestry key ecological projects,GDP and the import of forest products had a significant impact on forest resources carbon stock.The total output value of forestry industry,the actually completed investment of forestry key ecological projects and the export volume of forest products had a significant impact on the forest carbon sink,and the actually completed investment of forestry key ecological projects has the greatest impact on the two.(ii)The impact of actually completed investment of forestry key ecological projects had a lag of 2 years on the forest resources carbon stock and a lag of 1 year on the forest carbon sink.When investing in forest carbon sink,it is necessary to make a good plan in advance,and do a good job in forest resources management and time optimization.(iii)From 1992 to 2018,the coupling degree of forest resources carbon stock,forest carbon sink and long-term development of forestry economy in China was gradually increasing.Although there were some fluctuations in the middle time,the coupling degree of forest resources carbon stock and the long-term development of forestry economy increased by 9.24%annually,and the degree of coupling coordination increased from"serious imbalance"in 1992 to"high-quality coordination"in 2018.From 1993 to 2018,the coupling degree of forest carbon sink and long-term development of forestry economy increased by 9.63%annually,slightly faster than the coupling coordination degree of forest resources carbon stock and long-term development of forestry economy.The coordination level also rose from level 2 in 1993 to level 10 in 2018.(iv)The prediction shows that the coupling coordination degree of forest resources carbon stock,forest carbon sink and the long-term development of forestry economy would increase from 2019 to 2030.The coupling coordination degree(D)values of both were close to 1,the coordination level was also 10 for a long time,and the degree of coupling coordination was also maintained at the"high-quality coordination"level for a long time.[Conclusions]Forest has multiple benefits of society,economy and ecology,and forest carbon sink is only a benefit output.The long-term coupling analysis of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development is a key point to multiple benefit analysis.The analysis shows that the spillover effect and co-evolution effect of forest carbon sink in China are significant.From 1992 to 2018,the coupling coordination degree of forest carbon sink and forestry economic development was gradually rising.The prediction analysis also indicate that the coupling coordination degree between the forest carbon sink and the long-term development of forestry economy will remain at the level of"high-quality coordination"for a long time from 2019 to 2030.Therefore,improving the level of forest management and maintaining the current trend of increasing forest resources are the key to achieving the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in China.

The Research on Evaluation and Development Value of Landscape Resources in Junwu Forest Park of Liuzhou City in China

The paper had pointed out that landscape resources were the roots that forest park attracted tourists, and objective and correct evaluation on landscape resources was the foundation to identify development tendency of forest park. Based on the field study, it had firstly conducted qualitative evaluation on landscape resources in Junwu Forest Park of Liuzhou City, concluded that forest landscape had distinctive feature and high quality, sceneries in forest were splendid and colorful, landscape combination was good and forest ecological environment was excellent in quality. Furthermore, in accordance with China Forest Park Landscape Resources Quality Grade Evaluation (GB/T18005-1999), quantitative evaluation had been conducted on landscape resources of Junwu Forest Park in Liuzhou City. On this basis, it had deeply analyzed development value of Junwu Forest Park, highlighting its forest aesthetics, popular science education, health care, tourism culture and tourism economic value, so as to provide reference for its planning and development.

Development and Utilization of Saline Lake Resources and Protection of Ecological Environment in Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province

Qaidam basin is an important part of National Key Development Area–Lanzhou-Xining Area,is a key region of resource development in Western Development,is a National Circular Economy Pilot Zone.The focus of

Distribution characteristics of China's key cultural relic tourism resources and suggestions to its development and protection

SPSS13.0 was used to process the data of the 1-6 batch of key cultural relic conservation units promulgated by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of China;and multi-element evaluation method was used to calculate the composite distribution index.The spatial distribution of cultural relics of provinces in China can be divided into four grades,namely:very rich areas,rich areas,poor areas and very poor areas;the article analyzes the characteristics of cultural resources in spatial and temporal distribution.The paper holds that(1)the distribution of China's cultural relic tourism resources is relatively concentrated,different sharply from region to region,with more Han nation's heritage,less relics of the ethnic minorities;(2) Henan,Hebei,Shaanxi,Shanxi Province are the main regions with heavy distribution of cultural resources;(3) relics appeared in specific time periods in China's history.Ming and Qing Dynasties,Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties,Song,Liao and Jin,the Western Han,Shang and Zhou dynasties,the New Stone Age are the major periods producing more cultural relics.This paper also analyzes relationships of the emergence of cultural relics with production technology,specific historical process,specific geographical location,political system,religion,national culture,customs,architectural styles and techniques of the traditional cultural educational system.Finally,the paper discusses the development and protection of heritage.

Study on the Development and Protection of the Historical Figures Resources in China＇s Guangxi Border Areas -- Mrs. WA Cultural Resource Is Taken for Example

Guangxi is in the southwest border of China, and Guilin landscape and ethnic customs as the two ＂trump cards＂ have been widely utilized in the communication between Guaaagxi and the outside world. In fact, Guangxi owns many cultural resources such as humanity history, characteristic diet, and local operas to be further promoted, among which historical figures resources are especially abundant. However, the development and protection of the historical figures resources are inconsistent with the current economic and social development, and feature obviously certain hysteresis. In this paper, by taking Mrs. WA who was a heroine of the Zhuang nationality to resist foreign invasions in the Ming Dynasty, the necessary development road of the historical figures resources is explored based on analyzing the current development and protection of the historical figures resources in China＇ s Guangxi border areas, and then innovative concepts and new ideas are proposed with great efforts.

On Exploration and Evaluation of Forest Ecotourism Resources in Shangsi County of Guangxi,China

Forest ecotourism resources in Shangsi County were investigated,explored and screened for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of resource units,physiographic landscape resources and forest eco-resources of the local area elaborated,characteristics of its forest ecotourism resources summarized as "having an excellent location,great development potential and high development value".Basic laws of forest ecotourism resources in Shangsi County were obtained through resource investigation,exploration and analysis,development and utilization of forest ecotourism resources further studied,and suggestions proposed to facilitate the sustainable development of forest ecotourism resources in Shangsi County.

Dynamic analysis and evaluation of Xinjiang forest resources:based on RS and GIS

The forest resources in Xinjiang were surveyed and analyzed based on RS and GIS. Satellite data interpretation was adopted to obtain the general situation of Xinjiang forest resources in assistance with the sampling method and on-the-spot investigations. Based on GIS, related data obtained from satellite remote sensing in 1996 and 2001 were studied through contrastive analysis. Moreover, the dynamic variation of Xinjiang forest resources was studied in an all-around way. In the past five years, the areas of the forestland, woodland, sparse woodland, nursery garden and the land usable for forestry in Xinjiang kept growing, moreover, the forest cover rate and the total standing stock volume increased correspondingly, showing that the wooded area and the amount of growing stock in Xinjiang were increasing. The forestland area in Xinjiang went up to 17,837 km^2 from 17,331 km^2, with an annual average increase of 101 km^2. Accordingly, the forest vegetation came to 1.08% from 1.05%, up 0.03 percentage point; the total standing stock volume went up to 289,985,200 m^3 from 262,416,000 m^3, a total increase of 27,569,200 m^3, an annual average increase of 5,514,000 m^3 and an annual average net growth rate of 2.00%. The analysis results showed that the forest resources in Xinjiang were increasing on the whole, however, there remained some problems, such as the sparse natural forests, low forest cover rate, imbalanced wood age structure, and mono tree species composition, etc.

Development of mobile GIS system for forest resources second-class inventory

A special mobile GIS（Geographic Information System） system used for forest resources second-class inventory was developed on the basis of traditional forest resources inventory,remote sensing,GPS（Globe Positioning System） and embedded technology.Portable instrument,embedded development and the integration technology of RS（Remote Sensing）,GIS and GPS are all used in this special mobile GIS system.Further,the system composition,key techniques,and current situation of the practical application in China were analyzed in the study.The results are important for applying modern high-tech for the planning and design of digital forest resources to improve the precision and efficiency of inventory and reduce the labor cost and financial investment.

Analysis of Symbiotic Environment of Forest and Truffle and Utilization of Truffle Resources

The truffle is a very rare,rich in nutrition,and expensive medicinal and edible fungus,and a large area of truffle is distributed in Europe,Australia,North America,Asia and China.In China,truffle was firstly found in Shanxi.Symbiotic plants of truffle such as oak,lime,hazel,pine,poplar,willow,chestnut,etc.are widely distributed in the province.In Shanxi,brown soil as well as climate types and other natural conditions are very suitable for breeding of truffle.Exploiting truffle resources,expanding forest economy,and increasing peasants' income are good ways of making peasants become rich in mountainous areas of Shanxi Province.

Problems and countermeasures on restoration of forest ecological environment of Jilin Province

Jilin Province is one of major forest regions of China. This paper analyzed the existing conditions and tendency in forest ecological restoration of the province and revealed the confronting problems in ecology and economy. The authors divided Jilin Province into three ecological economic zones, including nid-west farming and stockbreeding area, east hilly diversified-operation area, and Changbai Mountain national forest area, and discussed the direction and tasks of forest ecological restoration of each zone. Some Countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for restoration of forest ecology of the province.

Strategies on natural forest protection of collective forest area in minority nationality community in China─A case of the forest resource management in datu village

In the recent 20 years, it is a trend that forest will be distributed to villagers to manage in the world.Also in China, "forestry three determinations" has been carried out since 1980, and many new forestry devolutionshave been put fotward to and come into being. To face the fact of overusing up natural forest to result in the deterioration of ecology environment, the strategy of naturaf forest protection project (NFPP) is raised after the heavyflood in 1998. Now, it i s paid close attention to systematically study to carry Out the strategies of NFPP in collective forest area, especially in the community of minority nationalities. Based on the case of forest resource management in Datu Miao Village, the experience of its forest management in the past is analyzed and the strategies of NFPP in collective forest area are put forward.

Legal System for China's Forest Resource Protection:A Case Study of Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone

Taking Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone as an example,we analyzed existing problems in China'forest resource protection from the perspective of legal system.The problems include unclear property right system of forest resource,imperfect compensation mechanism for forest ecology,forest cutting quota scheme not resolutely put into practice,legal supervision of forest protection not implemented,and lack of integration in forest protection laws.Based on these problems,we put forward countermeasures and suggestions:establish clear forest resource property system;improve ecological benefit compensation mechanism in legal form;strictly implement forest cutting quota scheme;strengthen legal supervision of forest protection;and keep legal system integral for forest resource protection.

Governance of forest conservation and co-benefits for Bangladesh under changing climate

We focused on key aspects of forest governance for biodiver- sity conservation in implementing new climate change policies. The national forest institutions must be adaptive to identify the existing pitfalls of prior conservation policies to take advantage of new climate change policies. Strengthening roles and technical capacity of national institutions for systematic biodiversity monitoring and carbon stock assessment is required in developing and least developed countries. Community participation needs careful analysis to ensure equitable ac- cess of particular social groups to local decision-making processes and to sustain optional livelihoods. The livelihood options around forest reserves or protected areas must be taken into account to enhance forest-based adaptation.

COMPREHENSMIVE PLANNING FOR WATER RESOURCES EXPLOITATION AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FOR CHANGLI COUNTY--A CASE STUDY FOR SMALL TOWNS OF CHINA

One of the major characteristics about the water resources and water pollution in China is that the southem part of the country is endowed with abundant water resources with serious water pollution occurring in some areas, whereas the northem part is endowed with limited water resources with relatively more serious water pollution existing in some areas. Urban areas have been mainiy affected by point source pollution while ecological damage is most serious in rural areas and small towns. With rapid development of socio-ecomony and urbanization, many new small towns have occurred in China, and the concemed ecological problems such as water pollution and soil erosion have been gradually changed into local point source pollution. Water envirormental problems are geding more and more serious. To resolve the above mentioned problems and to provide a mode for towns in North China, the Research Center of Water Problems of Chinese Academy of Sciences undertook the research project of comprehensive planning of urban environment of Changli County, Hebei Province. Conceming the limited financial strength of the county and its relatively low level of socio-economic development, the planning is aimed to protect and to improve Changli's environment with the least cost, to promote the suitable development of socio-economy of Changli County, and to carry out effective environmental regulations, control and managemeat.

The Current Status of World Protection for Mangrove Forest

Mangrove forests occur extensively in the tropic areas rich in wildlife and other non forestry resources and provide a wide array of raw materials for livelihood and production processes and have been a major source of income generation and subsistence for the local people. Exploitation of timber, fuel wood, poles, industrial raw material, and many other non wood products from the mangrove forests give rise to large scale economic activity and income generation. At present, mangrove forests are facing great peril. Reckless exploitation and swampland reclamation result in their gradual degradation. This article deals with the worlds mangrove forest resources and their benefit to people; describes the current status, points out the main causes of the destruction of these forests, presents proposals for protecting mangrove forests, and discusses international cooperation in protecting the world’s mangrove forests.

Environmental issues and countermeasures in exploiting water resources of rivers

Based on affirming the tremendous benefits that water resources of rivers can provide in their exploitation, main environmental problems and their countermeasures have been proposed and analyzed in this paper. It is argued that multiple measures should be applied to solving those problems by simultaneously carrying out engineering measures, scientific research and also programs to cultivate the society’s awareness, aimed at a sustainable development strategy for exploiting water resources.

Protect the Environment and Speed up the Sustainable Development of Chinese Agriculture

Strengthening the environmental protection, deepening rural reform, increasing agricultural input, and promoting a more stable and higher-speed growth of peasants＇ income, all of these are playing a very important role in the sustainable development of agriculture. The environment problems are not only economic problems, but also important political problems. And they constitute an urgent and arduous task that we meet, and need a long time to be conquered. Under the present new historical circumstances, we should establish a scientific development philosophy, strengthen the environment protection, and build up a harmonious society in which urban and rural areas are progressing coordinately.

PROTECTING THE RESOURCES OF THE TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS

In order to finish the cataloging work of buttercup species in the family of Renunculaceae for the compilation of the Flora Yunnanensis, I went to the CAS Institute of Botany in Kunming City,capital of Yunnan Province in May 1995 to look up phyto-taxonomic specimens. At the invitation of the Institute’s director Prof. Xu Zhaifu, when the work was coming to an end, I toured the well-known botanic garden of the Institute in the township of Menglu, which nests in the picturesque district of Xishuang Banna at the southernmost tip of the subtropical territory of Yunnan. In the winter of 1958,I had visited the ever-verdant vicinity to collect floral materials. After almost 37 years, I revisited the botanic garden founded by celebrated

Relationship between Environmental Tax and Sustainable Development

[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the relationship between environmental tax and sustainable development in China. E Method From the aspects of economic growth, development mode, environmental consciousness of national people, equity and efficiency, we analyzed the relationship between environmental tax and sustainable development in China, then studied the current taxation systems aiming at sustainable devel- opment. [ Result] In China, the design idea of present taxation system is not suitable for sustainable development, and a complete and scientific environmental tax system has not been established. Environmental tax indicates fairness principle, promotes equal competition and economic struc- ture adjustment, and enhances the environmental consciousness of national people. [ Conclusion] Environmental tax is not only an important sys- tem guarantee for the implementation of scientific development concept and circular economy, but also an effective method for governments to pro- tect environment and realize sustainable development.