Protective Action of a Herbal Preparation Liv-52 AgainstBeryllium Toxicity in Rats

An Ayurvedic medicine, Liv-52 has been studied as a prophylactic against beryllium induced toxicity in rats. Administration of beryllium per se caused severe degenerative and necrotic changes in liver, kidney, lungs and spleen. Its administration reduced glycogen content, activity of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase in these oreans. On the contrary, activities of acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were increased singificantly. In Liv-52 primed rats significant recoupment was observed in all the parameters

What Makes Homeowners Consider Protective Actions to Reduce Disaster Risk?An Application of the Precaution Adoption Process Model and Life Course Theory

We hypothesize that for disaster risk mitigation,many households,despite being aware of their risk and possible mitigation actions,never seriously consider doing anything about them.In mitigation-focused decisions,since there is no equivalent to warning messages,the decision process is likely to evolve over an extended time.We explore what activates hurricane mitigation protective action decisions through three research questions:(1)to what extent are homeowners unengaged in protective action decision making?(2)What homeowner characteristics are associated with lack of engagement?And(3)to what extent do different life events trigger engagement in the decision-making process?We use the Precaution Adoption Process Model to conceptualize engagement as distinct from decision making;the broader protective action decision-making literature to explore drivers of engagement;and Life Course Theory to examine potential transitions from unengaged to engaged.We use survey data of homeowners in North Carolina to examine these questions empirically.Findings suggest that one-third of respondents had never engaged in protective action decisions,that life experiences differ in their occurrence frequency and effect on households’mitigation decisions,and that some events,such as renovating,reroofing,or purchasing a home may offer critical moments that could be leveraged to encourage greater engagement in mitigation decision making.

RADIOIMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL EFFECT OF ENRICHED URANIUM ON CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL IMMUNE CELLS AND THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF IL－1 AND IL－2

Accumulation of enriched 235U-UO2F2 in the body had injurious effects on theimmune function of central and peripheral immune cells. After an intravenousinjection of beaU--UO,F,, the spontaneous ’H--TdR incorporation in thymocytes andbone marrow cells decreased, with the thymocytes damaged more markedly. Theproliferation ability of spleen T and B lymphocytes were both inhibited, with Blymphocytes inhibited more severely. In spleen B lymphocytes the IL-- 1 production andIL--2 consumption were diminished. The inhibition of spleen B lymphocyteproliferation by 'U-- UOZFZ was partially restored by adding exogenous IL-- 1 or IL--2to the cultured lymphocytes obtained from 'U injected mice.

Theory on Introducing a Mandatory Attorney System into Civil Litigation from the Perspective of the Protection of the Right of Action

As an important rectifying mechanism to the involved parties-oriented civil litigation model,the mandatory attorney system requires the involved parties of a lawsuit to appoint a lawyer to represent them in the litigation,otherwise they will be rejected because the litigation requirements aren’t met.This seems to restrict the litigants’right to initiate a lawsuit by themselves.Through the arrangement of the system for the participation of lawyers in some litigation procedures,stages,and cases,coupled with the legal principle of litigation costs,the litigation costs sharing mechanism,legal aid,and other related supporting systems,it is not only a substantive guarantee for the litigants’right of action,but also can even strengthen the protection of the litigants’right of action in civil litigation.Based on the need to effectively protect and strengthen the litigants’right of action,combined with its civil litigation system and judicial operation environment,China should adopt a phased and gradual strategy to introduce and implement the mandatory attorney system in civil litigation while constantly improving its lawyer system,litigation costs system,legal aid system,and other related supporting systems.

Symposium on Environmental Protection and Ecology in Developing Countries-Call for Action

The participants in the Symposium on Environmental Protection and Ecology in Develo-ping Countries, cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Federation of Asian Scientific Academies & Societies (FASAS), held in Beijing, China, on 1-4 November 1989.

China's Action Plan on IPR Protection 2006

China’s terrific trade growth is often getting a lot of flake from its international peers for one of the many alleged reasons that China, more often than not, infringes intellectual property right (IPR),’copyright theft’ as a far-fetched simile puts it. But China’s efforts to crack down on infringements are also applauded worldwide; the source from The Ministry of Commerce provides the following ’Action Plan 2006’ to fight IPR violation.

The Micro-Formation Mechanism of Trade Conflicts between Large Developing Countries: India's Anti-dumping Action against China

Employing Grossman and Helpman＇s ＂protection for sale＂ model, this article uses data on anti-dumping actions from 1999 to 2009 to perform a quantitative analysis of factors influencing India＇s determinations of anti-dumping duties against China, and reveals the micro-formation mechanism of economic conflicts between China and India. We find that the political power of India＇s anti-dumping plaintiffs markedly increases the tariff level of its final determinations and that the relationship between the import penetration ratio and duty rates depends upon whether the plaintiffs are politically organized. Further, there is a significant positive correlation between India＇s anti-dumping duty rates and its unfavorable trade balance with China. This indicates that in determining anti-dumping duties, Indian authorities are clearly influenced by the political clout of their domestic interest groups. They are also motivated by the desire to keep down China and gain the upper hand in the face-off between the ＂dragon and the elephant.＂

IPR Protection in Action

Initiatives are being taken to protect Expo-related intellectual property rights Human ingenuity is on display at the World Expo. Creativity is showcased in many eyecatching pavilions,

Households' Risk Perception and Behavioral Responses to Natech Accidents

This study analyzes data on households' risk perception and protective behavior following a natural disaster triggered technological accident(Natech accident)that occurred at an industrial park in Sendai during the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, on 11 March2011. The results indicate that some households carried out multiple evacuations and that households' risk perceptions changed throughout the Natech accident evacuation process. Risk perception differed according to household location and demographic characteristics. We also found differences in the protective measures adopted for households in different locations. Specifically, those living closer to the Natech accident tended to evacuate immediately,whereas those living further away tended to shelter in place. Wind direction is discussed as a factor that influences households' risk perception and evacuation response to a Natech accident. The findings of this study advance knowledge of household behavior in response to a Natech accident and can assist emergency managers in developing strategies for better management of evacuation processes.