Effects of Supplemental Glutamine and Lysine on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

The optimum levels of Lysine and Glutamine needed for growth performance and maintenance of the chicken broilers were evaluated in a randomized 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. The battery cages measured 99 × 66 × 25 cm that can be sufficient for 5 birds. Day old Chicken broilers totaling 180 were assigned to dietary treatments comprising of 3 concentrations of Lysine (0.85, 1.14, and 1.42) each in combination with 4 concentrations of Glutamine (0, 1, 2, and 3). Each dietary treatment was replicated 3 times and each replication had 5 birds. The birds were given feed and water ad libitum with a 23-hour light regimen for a period of 4 weeks. Then, the experimental birds were evaluated for body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion in order to determine their optimum requirement for dietary Lysine and Glutamine. Based on the findings of this study, the highest performance was observed in birds fed the diet supplemented with 1.42 lysine and 1% glutamine, but the highest improvement in feed conversion was observed in diet contain 1.14 and 1.42 with 1% and 3% glutamine, respectively. Birds fed 1.42 lysine and 1% glutamine had the highest total body weight gain and feed consumption. The lysine requirements in the diet for Chicken are between 1.14 and 1.42 with glutamine level of 1%.

Prognostic value of C-reactive protein levels within 6 hours after the onset of acute anterior myocardial infarction with primary PCI

Background Increased levels of inflammatory markers have been documented in various settings of coronary artery disease. The vulnerability of coronary lesions in acute myocardial infarction(AMI) at the time of onset may be related to serum levels of C reactive protein(CRP) on admission, before CRP levels are affected by myocardial damage.Objective This study assessed the predictive value of CRP levels within six hours after the onset of acute anterior myocardial infarction with primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods The plasma CRP of 76 patients with first acute anterior myocardial infarction was measured within 6 hours after onset. They were divided into 2 groups: group 1( n =20) with elevated CRP( ≥0.3mg/dl ) on admission within 6 hours after onset and group 2( n =56) with normal CRP( <0.3mg/dl ) within 6 hours after onset. All patients were treated by primary PCI. The primary combined end points, including death due to cardiac causes, re MI related to the infarction artery(RIA) and repeat intervention of the RIA, and the restenosis rate were assessed in relation to CRP levels within 6 hours after onset. Left ventricular end diastolic volume index(EDVI),end systolic volume index(ESVI),and ejection fraction(EF) on admission and 6 month after the onset were assessed by left ventriculography. Changes in EDVI(ΔEDVI),ESVI(ΔESVI), and EF(ΔEF) were obtained by subtracting respective on admission values from corresponding 6 month follow up values. Results There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The primary combined end points were significantly more frequent in group 1(20%) than those in group 2( 1.79% , P <0.01 ).In addition, restenosis rates were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2(41.18% vs 16.07%, P<0.05). Group 1 showed greater increases in left ventricular volume and less improvement in EF compared with group 2(ΔEDVI 6.31 ±2.17 vs 3.29 ±9.46ml/m 2 , ΔESVI 5.92 ±2.31 vs 3.86 ±1.08ml/m 2 , ΔEF 1.92 ±0.47 vs 4.79 ±1.73% , P <0.05 , respectively).Conclusions CRP levels within 6 hours after the onset of AMI might predict adverse outcome after primary PCI and progressive ventricular remodeling within 6 month of AMI.

Effect of Different Protein Levels on Nutrient Digestion Metabolism and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Calves

The current study has been performed to examine the effects of different dietary protein levels on the growth, nutrient digestion and absorption, as well as biochemical parameters in calves. Nine healthy newborn calves were selected, randomly divided into 3 groups and fed 3 milk replacers with different protein levels （18, 22, and 26%）, respectively. Five period-digestion-metabolism trials were taken between 12-20, 22-30, 32-40, 42-50, and 52-60 days after birth. All 3 groups showed a similar growth curve during 11 to 61 experimental days, however, the growth rate of the 22% crude protein （CP） group was 8.89% higher than that of the 18% CP group and 19.48% higher than that of the 26% CP group, respectively. The apparent digestibility of dry material （DM） declined gradually with age, whereas, the apparent digestibility of N, extract ether （EE） rose slightly. Compared to the 22% CP and 26% CP group, calves fed with 18% CP apparently had a lower digestibility than DM, EE, and nitrogen （N）. The average apparent digestibilities of N were 69.39, 75.36, and 74.55%, respectively. Both the apparent digestibility and retention of calcium （Ca） and phosphorus （P） were steady throughout the experiment, but the average apparent digestibility of P in the 26% CP group was only 63.83%, which was markedly lower than that of the 18% CP group （70.40%） and 22% CP group （69.73%）. In addition, the serum concentrations of total protein （TP）, albumin （ALB）, and globulin （GLOB） of the 22% CP group were higher than those in the 18% CP and 26% CP groups. The urea N （BUN） content in the 18% CP group, on the other hand, was significantly lower than that of the other two groups. The highest glucose （GLU） concentration was found in the 22% CP group （5.38 mmol L^-1）, at the end of the trials. The protein levels in the milk replacer affected the digestion metabolism of nutrition and the serum biochemical parameters of calves at different physiological phases. Calves fed with 22% CP milk replacer had a better growth performance than the other groups.

The Effect of Silica Dust Exposure on the Serum Clara Cell Protein 16 Levels in Chinese Workers

Pneumoconiosis is a systemic occupational disease that commonly manifests as diffuse fibrosis of the lungs caused by long-term inhalation of silica dust in the production process. The development of pneumoconiosis is a chronic and progressive process;once it occurs, it is irreversible, and gradually develops into lung injury and respiratory failure, and can cause death regardless of exposure to dust. The incidence of pneumoconiosis is the highest in China and the direct and indirect economic loss as a result of pneumoconiosis is approximately 9 billion yuan per year.

The Effect of Varied Dietary Crude Protein Levels with Balanced Amino Acids on Performance and Egg Quality Characteristics of Layers at First Laying Phase

Four diets were formulated to study the influence of varying crude protein levels on the performance, egg quality, serum and haematological characteristics at the first phase of laying cycle of sixty Bovan Nera laying birds that were randomly allotted to dietary treatments. The four experimental diets had five replicates each and three birds per repli-cate. Diet 1 contained 14% crude protein (CP), while diet 2 contained 15% CP, diets 3 and 4 contained 16% and 17% CP respectively. The experimental birds were fed for 10 weeks and the data collected were statistically analysed. Apparent variations recorded for all the performance characteristics such as Egg number, Hen-day production, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and weight gain were significantly different (p < 0.05). The best FCR value were recorded by birds fed 17% CP (3.45), while the highest weight gain mean value were also recorded by birds fed 17% CP value. Findings indicated a direct relationship between dietary crude protein values and performance.

Correlation between intakes of carbohydrates,protein,and fat with random blood sugar levels in menopausal women

Objective: Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are energy sources needed by the body for performing daily activities and generating primary energy substances. In women who have undergone menopause, the function of thyroid hormone in their body begins to decline and thus affects the ability of the body to produce energy. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the intakes of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats and random blood sugar levels in menopausal women.Methods: This study was a correlational analytical research with a cross-sectional design, which was conducted in 72 menopausal women recruited by the purposive sampling technique. In this study, a 24-hour food recall form was used, and randomized blood sugar levels were measured using a glucometer. The analysis of the data was performed using a Pearson product moment and multiple linear regression.Results: Carbohydrates and fats together affected random blood sugar levels with an F-value of 25.810 and a p-value of 0.000.Meanwhile, adjusted R^2 showed the value of 0.411, indicating that the difference in the intake of carbohydrates and fats together affected random blood sugar levels by 41.1%.Conclusions: Intake of carbohydrates and fats affected random blood sugar levels, whereas the rest were influenced by other factors,and protein intake was unrelated to random blood sugar levels in menopausal women.

Study on the correlation and predictive value of serum pregnancyassociated plasma protein A, triglyceride and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with gestational diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a concern due to its rapid increase in incidence in recent years.AIM To investigate the correlation and predictive value of serum pregnancyassociated plasma protein A(PAPP-A),triglyceride(TG),and 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25-(OH)D]with GDM in early pregnancy.METHODS A total of 99 patients in early pregnancy admitted to Peking University International Hospital from November 2015 to September 2017 were included,and underwent a fasting glucose test and oral glucose tolerance test screening at 24-28 wk of pregnancy.Of these cases with GDM,51 were assigned to group A and the remaining 48 cases without GDM were enrolled in group B.Serum PAPP-A,TG and 25-(OH)D in the two groups were compared and their correlation with blood sugar was analyzed.In addition,their diagnostic value in GDM was determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.RESULTS Group A had markedly lower serum PAPP-A and 25-(OH)D levels and a significantly higher serum TG level than group B,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Furthermore,Pearson analysis identified that PAPP-A and 25-(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels(r=-0.605,P<0.001),(r=-0.597,P<0.001),while TG and FBG levels were positively correlated(r=0.628,P<0.001).The sensitivity,specificity,area under the curve(AUC)and optimal cut-off value of serum PAPP-A level in the diagnosis of GDM were 72.55%,82.35%,0.861 and 16.340,respectively,while the sensitivity of TG in diagnosing GDM was 86.27%,the specificity was 66.67%,the AUC was 0.813,with an optimal cut-off value of 1.796.The corresponding sensitivity,specificity,AUC and optimal cut-off value of serum 25-(OH)D were 64.71%,70.59%,0.721 and 23.140,respectively.Moreover,multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that FBG,vascular endothelial growth factor,Flt-1,serum PAPP-A,TG,and 25-(OH)D were related risk factors leading to GDM in patients.CONCLUSION Serum PAPP-A,TG,and 25-(OH)D levels are all correlated with blood glucose changes in GDM,and are independent factors affecting the occurrence of GDM and have certain value in the diagnosis of GDM.

Effects of Different Dietary Energy and Protein Levels on Meat Performance and Meat Quality of Jinghai Yellow Chickens

To investigate the effect of different dietary energy and protein levels on meat performance and meat quality of Jinghai yellow chickens, 480 43-day old Jinghai yellow chickens with similar weight were randomly divided into four experimental groups： experimental group 1 （protein 15%, metabolic energy 9.95 MJ/kg）, experimental group 2 （protein 16%, metabolic energy 10.95 MJ/kg）, experimental group 3 （protein 17%, metabolic energy 12.65 MJ/kg） and experimental group 4 （ protein 18%, metabolic energy 13.95 MJ/kg）, respectively. All chickens were slaughtered at 112-day old. The breast and leg muscles of Jinghai yellow chickens were collected, to determine the slaughter performance, conventional meat quality and muscle chemical indicators. The results indicated that dressing-out percentage and eviscerated yield percentage in four experimental groups were above 87.27% and 67.00%, respectively; other slaughter performance indicators exhibited no significant differences among various groups （P 〉 0.05 ） ; breast muscle color of hens in experimental group 4 varied significantly from that in other three groups （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; leg muscle color of hens in experimental group 2 varied extremely significantly from that in other three groups （ P 〈 0.01 ） ; water-holding capacity of breast muscles of hens in experimental group 3 was significantly higher than that in experimental group 4 （P 〈 0.05 ） ; thiamine content of breast muscles of cocks in experimental group 3 was significandy higher than that in experimental group 2 （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; however, other properties exhibited no significant differenees among various groups （P 〉 0.05 ）.

Effects of Different Protein Levels on the Growth Performance and Metabolic Rate of Nutrition in Broilers

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of different protein levels on the growth performance and metabolic rate of nutrition in broilers. Total 360 healthy and weight closed local broilers of 3 weeks were chosen and then divided into three groups randomly by one factor. Each group contains three handlings, each handling consists of 40 broilers. The period of experiment was 7 weeks. The metabolic experiment was performed at the 7th week. Three different protein levels were used in broilers＇ diet. The levels of protein were 19%, 17.5% and 16%. The results showed that the different levels of protein in crude dietary had significant difference between 19% group and the other two groups. The average daily weight gain and daily efficiency were significantly higher than that of the other two groups （P〈0.05）. Compared to protein levels of 19% and 16%, there was no significant difference in the metabolism of calcium （P〉0.05）, and the metabolic rate of the impact of phosphorus was significantly different （P〈0.05）. The result showed that when protein level was 19%, the growth of the local broiler was the best.

Plasma and wound fluid levels of eight proangiogenic proteins are elevated after colorectal resection

BACKGROUND Colorectal resection is associated with 3-5 wk long elevations in the plasma levels of at least 11 proangiogenic proteins that may stimulate tumor angiogenesis postsurgery.The increases during the first week after surgery may be related to the acute inflammatory response;the cause(s)of the week 2-5 increases is unknown.The wounds are a possible source because of the important role that angiogenesis plays in the healing process.The main hypothesis of the study is that wound fluid levels of the proteins studied will be elevated well beyond plasma levels which,in turn,are elevated from preoperative baseline levels.AIM To determine plasma and wound fluid levels of 8 proangiogenic proteins after colorectal resection for cancer and benign pathology.METHODS Blood and wound fluid samples were taken simultaneously on postoperative(postop)day 1,3,and later time points until wound drain removal in 35 colorectal cancer patients and 31 benign disease patients undergoing colorectal resection in whom closed wound drains had been placed in either the pelvis or the subcutaneous space of the abdominal incision.Postop plasma levels were compared to preop plasma and postop wound fluid levels(separate analyses for cancer and benign groups).RESULTS Sixty-six colorectal disease patients were studied(35 cancer,31 benign pathology).Most patients underwent minimally invasive surgery(open surgery in 11%of cancer and 6%of benign patients).The majority in the cancer group had rectal resections while in the benign group sigmoid or right colectomy predominated.Plasma levels of all 8 proteins were significantly elevated from baseline (P<0.05) at all post-operative time points in the cancer group and at 90% of time points(29/32) in the benign group.Wound levels of all 8 proteins were 3-106 times higher (P<0.05) than plasma levels at 87-90 percent of postop time points;of note,wound levels were more than 10 times higher at 47-50% of time points.CONCLUSION Plasma protein levels were elevated for 3 weeks after surgery;wound fluid levels were much greater than corresponding blood levels.Healing wounds may be the source of the plasma increases.

Distribution of Vibrational Energy Levels of Protein Molecular Chains

The distributions of the quantum vibrational energy levels of the protein molecular chain are found by the discretely nonlinear Schrodinger equation appropriate to protein obtained from the Davydov theory. The results calculated by this method are basically consistent with the experimental values. Furthermore, the energy spectra at high excited states have also been obtained for the molecular chain which is helpful in researching the properties of infrared absorption and Raman scattering of the protein molecules.

Decrease in Lysine and Tryptophan Content in S2 Inbred Lines from a Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Variety in a Breeding Program

Several countries in Africa, Latin America along with China have incorporated QPM in their Agricultural development plan. A new quality protein maize variety (QPM) was developed by breeders and farmers using the participatory breeding approach in the DR-Congo. It is adapted to all the maize growing regions in the country. Inbred lines from this new variety were produced for further development of maize synthetic populations. The main objective of the present study is to determine the level of amino acid changes in early generations of inbred lines. The results of the study revealed a significant decrease of 33% and 38% of tryptophan in S1 and S2 inbred lines compared to the original parental MUDISHI 3 population, respectively. There was a decrease of 15% of lysine in S2 inbred lines compared to the parental MUDISHI 3. Actually, S2 inbred lines of MUDISHI 3 contain similar level of lysine compared to the genetically improved normal maize (Salongo 2) that is currently released. The development of composite lines is recommended over synthetic populations to maintain the high levels of lysine and tryptophan along with other desirable agronomic characteristics since they involve the intercrossing of open pollinated varieties.

Osmotic Stress Resistance of Transgenic Tobacco Expressed Soybean Lysine-rich Protein Gene

PM2 gene （accession number： M80664） with high lysine content from soybean （Glycine max） was found in GenBank by changing three BLASTp parameters. Amino acid composition analysis of PM2 showed that Lys content was on the high level of 18.22%. Protein encoded by PM＇2 also belonged to the family of late embryogenesis abundant （LEA） proteins, which was considered that it had a strong relation with the abiotic stress resistance. In this experiment, PM2 gene was obtained from dry soybean seeds by RT-PCR, plant expression vector pEMTPM2 was constructed, and then transformed into tobacco by using agrobacterium-mediated method. Eight salt and drought tolerant lines were obtained from 31 differentiated lines. Real-time PCR showed that PM2 gene overexpressed in all four PCR positive lines with the osmotic stress resistance. These results confirmed that the overexpression of PM2 gene enhanced the osmotic stress resistance of transgenic tobacco.

Bacillus subtilis Co-transfected with a Lysine-rich and a Methionine-rich Protein Gene and Its Effect on Cow Milk Production

The probiotic Bacillus subtilis （B. subtilis） was widely applied in animal production as feed additive. Lysine （Lys） and methionine （Met） were the two most important limiting amino acids in livestock animal feed. Raising Lys and Met contents in B. subtilis would provide better effects for animal production and save Lys and Met supplements. We still didn＇t know whether Lys- rich and Met-rich protein genes from plants could be transfected into B. subtilis and expressed at a high level so as to improve animal production, such as milk production as an additional diet. The Lys-rich protein gene （Cflr） and Met-rich 10 ku-δ Zein were cloned from pepper anther and maize endosperm, respectively. Then they were constructed into plasmids individually and successfully cotransfected into B. subtilis. Upon IPTG induction, mRNAs and protein expressions could be observed. Lys and Met contents in the fermentation broth were raised by 65.92% and 46.39%, respectively. After feeding 200 g and 400 g· cow^-1· d^-1, transgenic B. subtilis fermentation broth, the milk yield, milk protein and milk fat contents all significantly increased. The Lys-rich protein gene （Cflr） and Met-rich 10 ku-δ Zein were successfully transfected into B. subtilis. Contents of Lys and Met in the transgenic B. subalis obviously raised and the fermentation broth of the transgenic bacteria could effectively improve milk yield and quality.

不同粗蛋白质水平对白王种鸽繁殖性能和乳鸽生长性能的影响

试验旨在探究“2+2”生产模式下不同粗蛋白质水平对白王种鸽繁殖性能和乳鸽生长性能的影响。试验选取产蛋性能相近的300日龄健康种鸽168对,随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每个重复6对种鸽,每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为13.43%、15.04%、16.64%和18.25%的饲粮。试验期46 d,其中孵化期18 d (1~18 d),哺乳期28 d (19~46 d)。结果显示,试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组产蛋间隔显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组种蛋受精率显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组入孵蛋孵化率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.01)。试验Ⅲ组乳鸽28日龄体重显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),乳鸽屠宰率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),乳鸽胸肌率显著高于试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组窝料重比1极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。研究表明,不同粗蛋白质水平影响了种鸽的繁殖性能、乳鸽的生长性能以及窝料重比,在“2+2”生产模式下,建议白王种鸽饲粮适宜粗蛋白质水平为16.64%。

别嘌醇下调尿酸介导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞赖安酰氧化酶的表达

目的研究别嘌醇对尿酸介导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞赖安酰氧化酶(LOX)和磷酸化p-38(P-p38)表达的影响。方法大鼠血管平滑肌细胞分为三组:空白对照组;尿酸组(尿酸40 mg/L干预48 h);别嘌醇组(尿酸40 mg/L及别嘌醇0.3 mmol/L干预48 h)。共聚焦显微镜观察细胞内活性氧情况。提取大鼠血管平滑肌细胞RNA和蛋白,实时荧光定量PCR和Western Blot测定LOX、p-38及P-p38mRNA和蛋白表达。结果尿酸组血管平滑肌细胞增殖量、细胞内活性氧、LOX及P-p38的mRNA和蛋白水平明显高于对照组;别嘌醇组血管平滑肌细胞增殖量、细胞内活性氧、LOX及P-p38的mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显下调(P<0.01)。结论别嘌醇可抑制尿酸介导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞LOX和P-p38表达。

基于强化学习的离散层级萤火虫算法检测蛋白质复合物

蛋白质复合物的检测有助于从分子水平上理解生命的活动过程。针对群智能算法检测蛋白质复合物时假阳/阴性率高、准确率低、种群多样性下降等问题,提出了基于强化学习的离散层级萤火虫算法检测蛋白质复合物(reinforcement learning-based discrete level firefly algorithm for detecting protein complexes,RLDLFA-DPC)。引入强化学习思想提出一种自适应层级划分策略,动态调整层级结构,能有效解决迭代后期种群多样性下降的问题。在层级学习策略中个体向两个优秀层级学习,避免算法陷入局部最优。为了提高蛋白质复合物检测的精度,结合个体环境信息提出自适应搜索半径的局部搜索策略。最后,在酵母蛋白质的4个数据集上,与8种经典的蛋白质复合物检测方法进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性。

CXCR4 MFAP2 KLF4在分化型甲状腺癌中的表达及对预后的预测价值研究

目的:研究趋化因子4受体(CXCR4)、微纤维相关蛋白2(MFAP2)、Krüppel样因子4(KLF4)在分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)中的表达及对预后的预测价值。方法:选择我院2019年7月至2020年7月收治的113例DTC患者,术中留取其肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织。采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测DTC组织及癌旁正常组织中CXCR4、MFAP2、KLF4表达水平,分析CXCR4、MFAP2、KLF4表达水平与DTC临床病理特征的关系。对DTC患者进行3年随访,统计3年总生存情况,比较死亡组与存活组CXCR4、MFAP2、KLF4表达水平,采用ROC曲线分析CXCR4、MFAP2、KLF4对DTC预后的预测价值,采用Cox回归模型进行DTC预后单因素和多因素分析。结果:与癌旁正常组织比较,DTC组织CXCR4、MFAP2蛋白表达量显著升高(P<0.05),KLF4蛋白表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。TNM分期Ⅲ期、发生淋巴结转移、肿瘤低分化者CXCR4、MFAP2蛋白表达量显著高于TNM分期Ⅰ+Ⅱ期、未发生淋巴结转移、肿瘤中高分化者(P<0.05),TNM分期Ⅲ期、发生淋巴结转移、肿瘤低分化者KLF4蛋白表达量显著低于TNM分期Ⅰ+Ⅱ期、未发生淋巴结转移、肿瘤中高分化者(P<0.05)。113例DTC患者随访3年期间失访8例,最终获得随访者105例。死亡组患者CXCR4、MFAP2蛋白表达量显著高于存活组(P<0.05),KLF4蛋白表达量显著低于存活组(P<0.05)。绘制ROC曲线发现,CXCR4、MFAP2、KLF4单独或联合预测DTC预后的AUC(95%CI)分别为0.692(0.562~0.823)、0.729(0.590~0.869)、0.766(0.622~0.910)、0.832(0.690~0.975),联合预测的效能显著优于单项检测(P<0.05)。Cox回归分析显示,淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅲ期、肿瘤低分化、CXCR4表达升高、MFAP2表达升高、KLF4表达降低是DTC预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:分化型甲状腺癌患者肿瘤组织中CXCR4、MFAP2呈高表达,KLF4呈低表达,其表达水平与淋巴结转移、肿瘤分化程度、TNM分期及3年总生存率相关,三者联合检测有助于预测分化型甲状腺癌预后。

20~35 kg川中黑山羊蛋白质需要量研究

旨在研究生长期川中黑山羊的蛋白质需要量,为川中黑山羊的科学饲养提供营养需要参数。选择2.5月龄(19.97±5.47)kg断奶川中黑山羊羯羊22只,试验开始时屠宰4只,其余18只羔羊分为3个饲喂水平组,分别为自由采食组(AL组)、75%自由采食组(AL75组)、60%自由采食组(AL60组),每组6只羊。试验羊单笼单饲,试验期96 d。在饲养试验结束前4 d开展消化代谢试验,收集全粪全尿。当AL组试验羊平均体重达到35 kg时结束饲养试验,每组选取接近该组平均体重的4只羊(共12只)进行屠宰,屠体冷冻保存待测。结果表明:1)川中黑山羊试验末期AL组公羊平均体重极显著高于AL60组(P<0.01);AL75和AL60组公羊净增重、平均日增重(ADG)、平均干物质采食量(DMI)极显著低于AL组(P<0.01);AL60组料重比显著高于AL和AL75组(P<0.05);2)AL组黑山羊宰前活重、空腹体重、胴体重、净肉重均极显著(P<0.01)高于AL75和AL60组,而屠宰率、净肉率、胴体净肉率、肉骨比3组间均无显著差异(P>0.05),AL组的骨重显著高于AL75和AL60组(P<0.05);3)AL、AL75和AL60组山羊的心脏、脾脏、肺脏器官指数和皮毛器官指数差异不显著(P>0.05),AL组肝脏器官指数极显著高于AL75和AL60组(P<0.01),肾脏器官指数随饲喂水平下降显著降低(P<0.01);4)20~35 kg川中黑山羊公羊的维持净蛋白质需要量为1.60 g·kg^(-1)·BW-0.75·d^(-1),日增重100~300 g·d^(-1)的川中黑山羊生长净蛋白质需要量Np_(g)=13.13~40.13 g·d^(-1),净蛋白质的总需要量Np_(r)=28.26~63.15 g·d^(-1)。本研究可为我国地方品种山羊饲养标准的优化提供数据参考。

饲粮蛋白水平和酿酒酵母对秦川肉牛血常规指标和氮磷代谢的影响

【目的】研究不同蛋白水平饲粮及酿酒酵母(SC)对秦川肉牛血液生理生化指标和氮磷代谢的影响。【方法】选择18头14月龄初始体质量为(298±9.78)kg/头、健康的秦川肉牛(母牛)作为试验动物,采用2种蛋白水平(13.23%(A1)和(10.59%(A2))饲粮和3种酿酒酵母添加水平(0(B1),4×10^(8) CFU/kg(B2),8×10^(8) CFU/kg(B3))作为两因素进行饲喂试验。采用全收粪(尿)法测定各处理秦川肉牛粪便和尿液中的氮磷含量,试验结束时于晨饲前采用颈静脉穿刺法采血,测定血常规指标和酶活性,试验期55 d。【结果】①试验期11~55 d,饲粮中添加8×10^(8) CFU/kg SC显著提高了秦川肉牛的采食量(P<0.05),A1B3组秦川肉牛采食量最高,显著高于A1B1组(P<0.05)。②B3组秦川肉牛血清中甘油三酯含量显著低于B1组(P<0.05),A2B3组秦川肉牛血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M含量均显著高于A2B1组(P<0.05)。③B3组秦川肉牛粗蛋白(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的表观消化率较B1组分别显著提高了8.44%和16.90%(P<0.05),A2B3组秦川肉牛的粗蛋白、有机物和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率最高。④与A2B1组相比,A2B3组秦川肉牛粪氮排放减少了31.28%,尿氮排放减少了19.67%,氮消化率提高了7.66%,氮沉积率提高了62.57%。⑤B2和B3组秦川肉牛的粪磷含量显著低于B1组,A2B3组秦川肉牛磷消化率、磷沉积率相较于A2B1组显著升高了35.96%和45.94%(P<0.05)。【结论】本试验条件下,添加8×10^(8) CFU/kg酿酒酵母能够提高秦川肉牛的采食量、免疫水平和营养成分消化率,减少氮磷排放。在10.59%粗蛋白水平下,饲粮添加8×10^(8) CFU/kg酿酒酵母饲喂秦川肉牛效果最好。