Effects of Cadmium on Hepatocellular DNA Damage,Proto-Oncogene Expression and Apoptosis in Rats

Objective To study the effects of cadmium on hepatocellular DNA damage, expression of proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun as well as apoptosis in rats. Methods Cadmium chloride at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg was given to rats by i.p. and there were 5 male SD rats in each group. Hepatocellular DNA damage was measured by single cell gel electrophoresis （or comet assay）, while expression of proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun in rat hepatocytes were measured by Northern dot hybridization. C-Myc, c-Fos, and c-Jun were detected with immuno-histochemical method. Hepatocellular apoptosis was determined by TUNEL （TdT-mediated dUTP Nick End Labelling） and flow cytometry. Results At the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg, cadmium chloride induced DNA damage in rat hepatocytes and the rates of comet cells were 50.20%, 88.40%, and 93.80%, respectively. Results also showed an obvious dose-response relationship between the rates of comet cells and the dose of cadmium chloride （r=0.9172, P〈0.01）. Cadmium chloride at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg induced expression of proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun. The positive brown-yellow signal for c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun was mainly located in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes with immunohistochemical method. TUNEL-positive cells were detected in cadmium-treated rat livers. Apoptotic rates （%） of cadmium-treated liver cells at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 μmol/kg were （17.24 ±2.98）, （20.58± 1.35）, and （24.06±1.77） respectively, being significantly higher than those in the control. The results also displayed an obvious dose-response relationship between apoptotic rates and the dose of cadmium chloride （r=0.8619, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Cadmium at 5-20 μmol/kg can induce hepatocellular DNA damage, expression of proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun as well as apoptosis in rats.

Current concepts in ameloblastoma-targeted therapies in B-raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase V600E mutation: Systematic review

BACKGROUND Ameloblastomas are common benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasms that present an aggressive and unpredictable behavior that may modify treatment strategies.Different signaling pathways that participate in the progression of these tumors have been identified.B-raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase(BRAF)is a protein involved in the behavior of ameloblastomas,and it is related to many cell mechanisms.BRAF gene mutations have been identified in ameloblastomas,of which the BRAF V600E(valine substituted by glutamic acid at amino acid 600)mutation has been the most common and can be present concomitantly with other mutations that may be involved in its behavior.Targeted therapies have been used as an alternative in the case of resistance or contraindications to conventional treatments.AIM To document the presence of BRAF V600E and additional mutations,their behavior,and targeted therapies in these tumors.METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane,EMBASE,and SpringerLink using the terms“ameloblastomas”,“BRAF V600E”,“additional mutations”,and“targeted therapies”.Ameloblastomas were classified according to WHO guidelines.Inclusion criteria were articles in English,published not more than 10 years ago,and studies with laboratory works related to BRAF V600E.Articles were evaluated by two independent reviewers and retrieved for full-text evaluation.The EBLIP Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the eligible studies.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.RESULTS Two independent reviewers,with a substantial concordance indicated by a kappa coefficient of k=0.76,evaluated a total of 19 articles that were included in this study.The analysis registered 521 conventional ameloblastomas(AM),81 unicystic ameloblastomas(UA),13 ameloblastic carcinomas(AC),three metastatic ameloblastomas(MA),and six peripheral ameloblastomas(PA),of which the histopathological type,anatomic location,laboratory tests,expression of BRAF mutation,and additional mutations were registered.The BRAF V600E mutation was found in 297 AM(57%),63 UA(77.7%),3 AC(23%),1 MA(50%),and 5 PA(83.3%).Follicular type predominated with a total of 116 cases(40%),followed by plexiform type with 63 cases(22.1%).Furthermore,both types presented additional mutations,in which alterations in JAK3 P132T,SMARCB1,PIK3CA,CTNNB1,SMO,and BRAF G606E genes were found.Four case reports were found with targeted therapy to BRAF V600E.CONCLUSION The identification of BRAF V600E and additional mutations as an aid in targeted therapies has been a breakthrough in alternative treatments of ameloblastomas where surgical treatments are contraindicated.

Ordovician Granitoids and Silurian Mafic Dikes in the Western Kunlun Orogen, Northwest China:Implications for Evolution of the Proto-Tethys

The western Kunlun orogen in the northwest Tibet Plateau is related to subduction and collision of Proto-and Paleo-Tethys from early Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. This paper presents new LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopes, whole-rock major and trace elements, and Sr–Nd isotopes of two Ordovician granitoid plutons(466–455 Ma) and their Silurian mafic dikes(～436 Ma) in the western Kunlun orogen. These granitoids show peraluminous high-K calcalkaline characteristics, with(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_i value of 0.7129–0.7224, ε_(Nd)(t) values of -9.3 to -7.0 and zircon ε_(Hf)(t) values of -17.3 to -0.2, indicating that they were formed by partial melting of ancient lower-crust(metaigneous rocks mixed with metasedimentary rocks) with some mantle materials in response to subduction of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean and following collision. The Silurian mafic dikes were considered to have been derived from a low degree of partial melting of primary mafic magma. These mafic dikes show initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of 0.7101–0.7152 and ε_(Nd)(t) values of -3.8 to -3.4 and zircon ε_(Hf)(t) values of -8.8 to -4.9, indicating that they were derived from enriched mantle in response to post-collisional slab break-off. Combined with regional geology, our new data provide valuable insight into late evolution of the Proto-Tethys.

Mineral Inclusions in Chromite from the Chromite Deposit in the Kudi Ophiolite,Tibet,Proto-Tethys

High-Al chromite from the Kudi chromitites contains a wide range of mineral inclusions. They include clinopyroxene, amphibole, phlogopite, olivine, orthopyroxene, apatite, base-metal sulfides, calcite and brucite. The modal abundance of inclusions vary greatly among different grains of chromite. The common inclusions are clinopyroxene and amphibole, which occur as monomineral or polymineral associated with other minerals. The shapes of these inclusions tend to follow the growth plane of host chromite. Mineral assemblages and textures demonstrate that some inclusions（olivine, clinopyroxene） are trapped during magmatic stage, and most of the inclusions（e.g., amphibole, phlogopite） are trapped during recrystallization of chromite. Sulfide inclusions are pentlandite, chalcopyrite and cubanite. They occur either as isolated grains or together with silicate minerals, and formed from the separation of sulfide-bearing liquid from silicate magma. The parental magma of chromitites contains Al2O3 15.0wt%–16.5wt%, TiO20.30wt%–1.05wt% based on calculation with the composition of chromite, similar to parental magma of high-Al chromitites from elsewhere and the estimated melt composition is comparable with that of MORB. Considering the high-Mg olivine in disseminated chromitite and abundant hydrous inclusions, we propose that Kudi chromitites formed beneath a volcanic front during the subduction initiation of Proto-Tethys.

Characterization of the proto-Philippine Sea Plate:Evidence from the emplaced oceanic lithospheric fragments along eastern Philippines

The proto-Philippine Sea Plate(pPSP)has been proposed by several authors to account for the origin of the Mesozoic supra-subduction ophiolites along the Philippine archipelago.In this paper,a comprehensive review of the ophiolites in the eastern portion of the Philippines is undertaken.Available data on the geology,ages and geochemical signatures of the oceanic lithospheric fragments in Luzon(Isabela,Lagonoy in Camarines Norte,and Rapu-Rapu island),Central Philippines(Samar,Tacloban,Malitbog and Southeast Bohol),and eastern Mindanao(Dinagat and Pujada)are presented.Characteristics of the Halmahera Ophiolite to the south of the Philippines are also reviewed for comparison.Nearly all of the crust-mantle sequences preserved along the eastern Philippines share Early to Late Cretaceous ages.The geochemical signatures of mantle and crustal sections reflect both mid-oceanic ridge and suprasubduction signatures.Although paleomagnetic information is currently limited to the Samar Ophiolite,results indicate a near-equatorial Mesozoic supra-subduction zone origin.In general,correlation of the crust-mantle sequences along the eastern edge of the Philippines reveal that they likely are fragments of the Mesozoic pPSP.

Expressions of estrogen receptor subtypes and c-met proto-oncogene in endometrial carcinoma and their correlation

Objective To investigate the expressions of estrogen receptor(ER)subtypes and c-met proto-oncogene in human endometrial carcinomas and to assess the clinical significance of ER and c-met in this carcinoma.Methods Reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR)was used to detect the expressions of ERα,ERβ and c-met proto-oncogene mRNA in 30 samples of endometrial carcinoma and 11 samples of normal endometrium.Results The expression of ERα in endometrial carcinoma(0.70±0.40)was significantly reduced in comparison to that in normal endometrium(1.14±0.56,P<0.05).A similar finding was made for the expression of ERβ in carcinoma(0.24±0.18)versus normal tissues(0.48±0.20,P<0.05).In contrast,c-met mRNA expression was increased in endometrial carcinoma(1.45±0.72)compared to that in normal endometrium(0.42±0.31,P<0.01).A decrease tendency of the expression of ERα was also found from Stage Ⅰ(0.82±0.41)to a more severe Stag Ⅱ-Ⅲ of endometrial carcinoma(0.42±0.17,P<0.05).The analysis of ERα and ERβ mRNA revealed a decrease tendency from shallow to deep invasion of the uterine muscles(P<0.05).We found that the expressions of ERα and ERβ were negatively correlated with c-met proto-oncogene with a coefficient correlation of-0.63(P<0.01)and-0.32(P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion ERα and ERβ are both involved in mutagenic action of carcinogen.C-met proto-oncogene plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of endometrial carcinoma.C-met and ER expressions show a negative correlation in the development of endometrial carcinoma.

Re-research on the size of proto-neutron star in core-collapse supernova

The electron capture timescale may be shorter than hydrodynamic timescale in inner iron core of core-collapse supernova according to a recent new idea. Based on the new idea, this paper carries out a numerical simulation on supernova explosion for the progenitor model Ws15M. The numerical result shows that the size of proto-neutron star has a significant change （decrease about 20%）, which may affects the propagation of the shock wave and the final explosion energy.

Malignant pheochromocytoma in neurofibromatosis; mutation screening of RET proto-oncogene, VHL and SDH gene

AIM: To investigate pathogenic mutations related to malignant pheochromocytoma in neurofibromatosis(NF).METHODS: We present a patient with NF and metastatic pheochromocytoma in whom genetic screening for presence of pathogenic mutations in RET protooncogene, von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunits B(SDHB) genes were investigated. RET proto-oncogene mutation screening for exons 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 were examined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and direct DNA sequencing in patient. Mutation screening for exons 1, 2, 3 of VHL gene was carried out. Both forward and reverse strandswere subjected to direct sequencing after PCR amplification. The entire coding sequence of SDHB gene was screened for the presence of pathogenic mutations by PCR-sequencing.RESULTS: A 45-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and hypertension over the previous year. The patient was a known case of neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) who presented at the age of 15 years with hyperpigmented and hypopigmented lesions. After complete evaluation for hypertension, biochemical tests and imagings indicated a malignant pheochromocytoma of 120 mm × 70 mm in size. The patient underwent left adrenalectomy, nephrectomy and splenectomy. After surgery the symptoms improved and blood pressure was controlled. After 5 years he was admitted again for evaluation of hypertensive crisis. Biochemical tests were again consistent with pheochromocytoma and disease relapse. Imaging studies and liver biopsy confirmed metastatic pheochromocytoma to the liver and para-aortic area. 131 Iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy was carried out. Genetic screening of VHL(exons 1, 2, 3), RET proto-oncogene(exons 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16) and SDH complex subunits revealed no pathogenic mutation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that mutations in the NF1 gene are responsible for the patient's clinical findings. However, would be helpful to further examine somatic mutations for a more precise study of genotypephenotype correlation.

A Cognitive Interpretation of the Proto-scene of Preposition ON

Based on Tyler & Evans' principled polysemy and from the perspective of cognition, this research interprets the protoscene of preposition ON and points out that it is defined by means of two aspects: geometric and functional, with the former referring to"the TR being in vertical contact with the upper side of the LM"and the latter"the LM supporting it".

Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene in Chinese familial hirschsprung's disease

AIM: To investigate the relationship between mutations of rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene and Chinese patients with Hirschsprung's disease (HD), and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of familial HD patient at the molecular level.METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood of probands and their relatives in two genealogies.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, which were amplified using specific primers (RET, exons 11, 13, 15and 17), were electrophoresed to analyze the single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) patterns. The positive amplified products were sequenced. Forty-eight sporadic HD patients and 30 normal children were screened for mutations of RET proto-oncogene simultaneously.RESULTS: Three cases with HD in one family were found to have a G heterozygous insertion at nucleotide 18 974 in exon 13 of RET cDNA (18 974insG), which resulted in a frameshift mutation. In another family, a heterozygosity for T to G transition at nucleotide 18 888 in the same exon which resulted in a synonymous mutation of Leu at codon 745 was detected in the proband and his father. Eight RET mutations were confirmed in 48 sporadic HD patients.CONCLUSION: Mutations of RET proto-oncogene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Chinese patients with HD. Detection of mutated RET proto-oncogene carriers may be used for genetic counseling of potential risk for HD in the affected families.

PIXE analysis of proto-porcelain excavated from Tingziqiao kiln site of Deqing(China)

Particle induced X-ray Emission(PIXE) was used to analyze the proto-porcelain excavated from Tingziqiao kiln site of Warring States(475–221 BC) in Deqing County of Zhejiang Province, China. It was found that the porcelain body and glaze differ from each other in recipes. The porcelain clay of high silicon and low aluminum might be used to make the body of proto-porcelain. Lime and plant or wood ashes might be added into the glaze of the proto-porcelain. Cluster analysis was done to reveal the compositional relationship between the proto-porcelain samples.

Mutation of RET proto-oncogene in Hirschsprung's disease and intestinal neuronal dysplasia

瞄准：在中国 population.METHODS 调查在 Hirschsprung 的疾病(HD ) 和肠的神经元发育异常(IND ) 之间的基因关系：外部血样品从 30 个 HD 病人，被获得 20 个 IND 病人， 18 HD/IND 作为控制联合了病人和 20 个正常个人。Genomic DNA 根据标准过程被提取。Exons 11,13,15,17 沤 proto-oncogene 被聚合酶链反应(PCR ) 放大。变化沤 proto-oncogene 被单个海滨 conformational 多型性(SSCP ) 分析并且积极放大产品定序是 performed.RESULTS：八细菌线顺序变体被检测。在 HD 病人，在在核苷酸 15165 G 的 11 上的前的 2 个错误感觉变化-- 】A ( G667S )，在在核苷酸 18974 点的 13 上的前( 18974insG )的 2 个框架移动变化，在在核苷酸 18919 A 的 13 上的前的 1 个错误感觉变化-- 】G ( K756E )和在在核苷酸 20692 G 的 15 上的前的 1 个沉默变化-- 】A ( Q916Q )被检测。在 HD/IND 联合了病人，在在核苷酸 15165 G 的 11 上的前的 1 个错误感觉变化 -- 在在核苷酸 18888 T 的 13 上的前的 】A 和 1 个沉默变化 --】G (L745L ) 被检测。没有变化在 IND 病人和控制被发现。结论：变化沤 proto-oncogene 涉及 HD 的发病机理。频率沤 proto-oncogene 变化用汉语在 IND 和 HD 之间是相当不同的人口。IND 是与 HD 遗传上不同的一个不同临床的实体。

A NOVEL Ser73Gly VARIATION OF SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE,SUBUNIT D AND A Cys634Gly MUTATION IN Ret PROTO-ONCOGENE OBSERVED IN A CHINESE MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2A PATIENT

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A(MEN2A)is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome that is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC),pheochromocytoma(50%-60% of cases),and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands(20%-30% of cases).MEN2A comprises a heterogeneous group of neoplastic disorders that most commonly have a single missense substitution of the Ret proto-oncogene(RET)involving exons 10 and 11.Here,we reported a novel case of MEN2A associated with two variations in two distinct genes,Cys634Gly in RET and a rare Ser73Gly substitution in succinate dehydrogenase,subunit D(SDHD).Because the patient presented with medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma but without parathyroid gland involvement,we speculated that this clinical feature could be correlated with the two substitutions.This is the first report of a MEN2A case involving two different changes one in the RET gene and the other in the SDHD gene.

Origin and Basic Mechanism of Life

This paper presents in a concise way the main characteristics of life from the physical point of view and the most successful theories of biogenesis, together with a mathematical formulation and simulation of proto-biogenesis. We present here a calculation method for biochemical reactions based on the available reaction data base, and using this method, we calculate precise scenarios for the first life cycle, and for the first stages of terrestrial biological evolution.

特提斯造山带

特提斯造山带,是欧亚大陆主要克拉通之间,洋壳俯冲消亡过程中包含的洋板块及微陆块,发生过强烈的构造搬运和构造混杂的构造(区)带。目前对特提斯(主要是原特提斯)的争议较大,本文综合利用前人构造地质、岩石学特征、构造年代学、生物古地理和板块运动学等最新成果,将特提斯造山带划分为元古代—古生代原特提斯造山带、晚古生代—三叠纪古特提斯造山带、三叠纪至新生代新特提斯造山带。原特提斯造山带,由中亚造山带(钦察弧)、乌拉尔造山带和秦-祁-昆造山带组成,中亚新元古代—古生代造山带是原特提斯主洋盆(古亚洲洋)弧盆系,乌拉尔新元古代—古生代造山带是原特提斯西部边缘弧盆系,秦-祁-昆新元古代—早古生代造山带是原特提斯东部(现南部)边缘弧盆系。古特提斯造山带,北界为断续分布的斯塔夫罗波尔-曼格什拉克-阿姆达利亚晚古生代缝合带—康西瓦(南昆仑)-阿尼玛卿-勉略(南秦岭)晚古生代缝合带,南界为高加索-赫拉特—澜沧江三叠纪缝合带,是丝绸之路晚古生代—三叠纪岩浆弧弧-弧碰撞(区)带。新特提斯造山带,位于古特提斯造山带南侧,南界为扎格罗斯缝合带(K2—E)—雅鲁藏布江缝合带(J3—E2),是中生代—新生代不同时间拼贴到劳(欧)亚大陆南缘的弧盆系。

西准噶尔乌尔禾地区哈拉阿拉特组富斑碱性玄武岩年代学、地球化学及地质意义

新近于新疆乌尔禾之北的哈拉阿拉特组(后文简称“哈山组”)最底部发现的一套富斑玄武岩,斑晶含量高达30%~40%,成分全为斜长石,晶形粗大完好,聚片双晶发育,粒径8×0.3mm~18×3 mm。该富斑玄武岩总厚大于90m。如此厚度大、层位稳定且组构特殊的玄武岩在本区乃至整个新疆北部地区极为罕见,鲜有报道。本文研究表明,哈山组富斑玄武岩斑晶主要为浅红褐色、灰白色长石,其中浅红褐色长石电子探针分析其属钠长石和中长石;LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为306±2Ma,属晚石炭世晚期;地球化学显示属碱性钠质系列,岩石具低的SiO_( 2)含量(48.84%~49.63%),较高的Al _(2)O_( 3)(17.78%~18.78%)、MgO(4.59%~9.29%)和全碱(6.62%~7.11%)含量,富钠贫钾(K _(2)O/Na _(2)O比=0.16~0.20)。相对富集轻稀土而亏损重稀土;富集Rb、Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Th、U、Nb、Ta等高场强元素。具正的ε_(Hf)(t)值(9.94~14.86)和较年轻的二阶段Hf模式年龄(t _(DM2)=0.37~0.68Ga)。综上认为该富斑玄武岩具有N-MORB和弧岩浆系列的双重地球化学特征,是流体交代的亏损地幔源石榴石+尖晶石二辉橄榄岩部分熔融形成。富斑碱性玄武岩所具有的“Nb、Ta亏损Ti不亏损”这一“初始岛弧”的地球化学特征,表明包古图构造带进入晚石炭世后开启了一个新生弧-盆构造体系。哈山组最底部的新生初始弧富斑玄武岩与其之上的成熟弧埃达克质火山岩,记录了一个相对完整的增生弧火山岩形成与演化历史。

华南东部元古代构造格局及其古位置重建

包括扬子、华夏和琼西南诸多块体的华南东部保存了与哥伦比亚和罗迪尼亚超大陆聚散有关的丰富地质记录,是理解东亚前寒武纪动力学演化的关键地区。本文基于琼西南、扬子东部和华夏陆块元古代地层和岩浆记录,分析并综述了华南东部地区元古代构造过程及其在超大陆的古位置。研究表明,琼西南地块在中元古代(~1.45 Ga)时期形成于哥伦比亚超大陆内部的非造山裂谷环境,经历了~1.05 Ga的麻粒岩相高级变质作用。其与扬子西南缘关系紧密,在~1.30~1.05 Ga期间,可能作为中元古代Albany-Fraser造山带的一部分。华夏和扬子东部在新元古代早期显示差异的地质特征,两者因古华南洋而分隔。江山-绍兴缝合带以东的华夏陆块发育εHf(t)值为负的~1.0~0.9 Ga长英质火山岩,与江-绍缝合带之西的扬子陆块同期具正εHf(t)值的双溪坞弧迥然不同,他们很可能是响应于原高止大洋俯冲而作为早新元古代(~1.0~0.9 Ga)原华夏造山作用的地质记录。怀玉和江南地区广泛发育~870~830 Ma的火成岩(集中在850~830 Ma),其碎屑岩含~860~830 Ma碎屑锆石年龄峰值、~980 Ma锆石颗粒较少。相反华夏陆块较少发育同期火成岩,碎屑岩中~980 Ma碎屑锆石丰富而~860~830 Ma碎屑锆石少见。以裂谷环境为其成因性质的~820~750 Ma板溪群、沥口群和马面山群及同期火成岩广泛见于华夏和怀玉地块及江南造山带,并以角度不整合经沧水铺群和骆家门砾岩与冷家溪群及其相当岩系分割,自此使之进入相对稳定的板内沉积演化期。研究认为,新元古代早期(~1.0~0.9 Ga)在华夏内部武夷-云开一线发育了与印度Eastern Ghats造山带走向相接的增生造山带,同时在扬子与华夏陆块之间发育了新元古代古华南洋,该大洋向西持续俯冲形成了长寿命的新元古代(~0.97~0.83 Ga)华南沟-弧系统,相继形成了~0.98~0.88 Ga的双溪坞洋内弧,~0.87~0.83 Ga怀玉大陆弧及~0.87~0.83 Ga的江南陆内弧后盆地,可与罗迪尼亚超大陆外缘印度西北的新元古代德里造山带相对比。该系统内双溪坞洋内弧盆在~0.87 Ga关闭而转入~0.87~0.83 Ga的怀玉-江南安第斯型活动大陆边缘,进而于~830~810 Ma由扬子和华夏陆块沿江南造山带拼合而成古华南陆块,自810 Ma之后由于罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解及大规模后造山裂谷作用,造就了板溪群及其相当岩系和同期双峰式火成作用。

原特提斯洋在滇西南地区的俯冲记录:来自保山地块奥陶纪花岗岩的年代学、地球化学以及Hf-Nd同位素的支持

中国西南地区在早古生代期间位于冈瓦纳大陆北缘,该地区保存有早古生代岩浆岩记录,它们的形成与原特提斯洋的演化密切相关。本文报道了滇西南地区保山地块平达乡附近的早古生代花岗岩的岩石学、全岩主-微量地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、锆石Hf同位素和磷灰石Nd同位素组成,以探讨保山地块早古生代花岗岩的岩石成因、岩浆源区性质以及岩体形成的地球动力学机制。通过对保山地块平达花岗岩中岩浆锆石开展LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测试,结果显示花岗岩形成于465.9~454.9Ma,是中-晚奥陶世岩浆作用的产物。平达岩体主体岩性为二长花岗岩,主要矿物组成为斜长石、石英和碱性长石(条纹长石和正长石),次要矿物为黑云母和白云母。本文报道的花岗岩样品显示出高的SiO_(2)(72.16%~76.87%)和Al_(2)O_(3)(12.50%~14.36%)含量,低的MgO(0.12%~0.64%)、Mg#(20.9~35.9)、Cr和Ni含量以及较高的Rb/Sr和Rb/Ba比值;结合花岗岩较高的A/CNK值(1.06~1.45),显示弱过铝质至强过铝质的特征,表明其属于S型花岗岩。此外,平达岩体二长花岗岩样品具有低的Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)比值和变化的CaO/Na_(2)O、Rb/Sr、Rb/Ba比值,表明其岩浆源区包含泥质岩石和砂质岩石,显示混合源区的特征。结合滇西南早古生代二长花岗岩变化较大的锆石εHf(t)值(-11.10~-4.05)、磷灰石εNd(t)值(-8.76~-6.96)和Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄(2140~1704Ma),表明它们的岩浆源区为古元古代地壳中泥质岩石和砂质岩石混合源区。综合滇西南地区广泛发育的早古生代岩浆岩以及同时期的蛇绿混杂岩记录,本文认为保山地块早古生代S型花岗岩是地壳沉积组分部分熔融的产物,形成于原特提斯洋西向俯冲相关的活动大陆边缘背景。

基于元学习的图卷积网络少样本学习模型

少样本学习是目前机器学习研究领域的热点和难点.针对现有的少样本学习模型不能有效捕捉数据特征与数据标签之间的联系,造成分类模型泛化能力弱的问题,提出一种基于元学习的原型空间图卷积网络少样本学习模型FSL-GCNPS(Few-Shot Learning of Graph Convolutional Network on Prototype Space).首先,利用卷积神经网络提取多任务数据的特征向量;其次,为了将特征向量映射到原型空间中,根据元学习的训练策略得到特征向量的类原型表达;然后,通过类原型向量和类向量之间的嵌入表示,构建图结构数据,并进行图卷积网络训练、推理.实验结果表明,相较于经典少样本学习方法,FSL-GCNPS模型拥有更好的分类准确率和分类稳定性.同时,在医学图像领域数据集上实验表明,FSL-GCNPS具有很好的跨域适应性.

circCBLB抑制类风湿性关节炎成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞增殖促进细胞凋亡并增加抗炎细胞因子水平

目的 探讨环状RNA Cbl原癌基因B(circCBLB)/miR-486-5p功能轴对类风湿性关节炎成纤维细胞样滑膜细胞(RA-FLS)增殖、凋亡及炎症因子产生的影响。方法 人RA-FLS,用100μL的10 ng/mL肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)刺激RA-FLS建立模型。采用双荧光素酶靶向验证circCBLB/miR-486-5p的结合关系。构建pcDNA3.1/siRNA-circCBLB、阴性对照(pcDNA3.1-NC/si-NC)和mimics-miR-486-5p,分别转染至RA-FLS。实验分为对照组、 TNF-α处理的RA-FLS、 pcDNA3.1-circCBLB组、 pcDNA3.1-NC组、 si-circCBLB组、 si-NC组、 pcDNA3.1-circCBLB联合miR-486-5p-mimics组。采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,流式细胞术检测细胞周期与细胞凋亡,平板集落形成实验检测细胞平板集落形成能力,实时定量PCR检测各组circCBLB、 miR-486-5p表达水平,ELISA检测各组细胞上清液抗炎因子白细胞介素4(IL-4)、 IL-10,促炎因子IL-6、 TNF-α水平。结果 双荧光素酶报告基因结果示circCBLB与miR-486-5p的3′非翻译区(3′UTR)结合;与同一时间点模型组细胞相比,过表达组细胞活力降低,干扰组升高;与模型组相比,过表达组凋亡率升高、 S和G2期的比例升高、集落形成率降低、 miR-486-5p表达水平降低、 IL-4、 IL-10水平升高,IL-6、 TNF-α水平降低;干扰组凋亡率降低、 S和G2期的比例降低、集落形成率升高、 miR-486-5p表达水平升高、 TNF-α水平升高;pcDNA3.1-circCBLB联合miR-486-5p-mimics组在circCBLB过表达的基础上,在细胞活力、细胞凋亡率、细胞周期、集落形成能力、抗炎因子的提高、促炎因子的降低方面对circCBLB的效应产生了抵消与逆转。结论 circCBLB抑制RA-FLS活力、提高细胞凋亡率、延长细胞周期降低细胞集落能力、提高抗炎因子,降低促炎因子,miR-486-5p则与circCBLB调控能力相反,且对circCBLB的效应具有一定的抵消与逆转能力。