Recently, whether Archaefructus has bisexual multi-parted flowers or just inflorescences of unisexual flowers, and whether it is ancestral to all angiosperms or a derived eudicot have been debated. Here, from the same...Recently, whether Archaefructus has bisexual multi-parted flowers or just inflorescences of unisexual flowers, and whether it is ancestral to all angiosperms or a derived eudicot have been debated. Here, from the same Yixian Formation, NE China, we report a new Archaefructus species, A. eoflora sp. nov., with the generic characteristics of dissected leaves and bisexual reproductive axes. It is entirely preserved with roots, rhizome, shoots and protogynous reproductive organs at different developmental stages. Its lateral and main fertile shoots form a pseudo-indeterminate pattern, while the reproductive branches on the main shoot form a cymose inflorescence. Subtended by 1-2 bract-like leaves, the section of stamen clusters changes into a much shorter section of carpels that have one row of orthotropous ovules. Significantly, one cluster bearing two carpels and one stamen between the two sections demonstrates a true bisexual flower, an important step of the origin of floral bisexuality, and the homology between the stamen and carpel. The complex reproductive axes represent a mix between flowers and inflorescences, and suggest that A. eoflora sp. nov. possesses the potential to evolve into a variety of diverse flower types as found in modern basal and early fossil angiosperms. A comparison with other two species also leads to a revision of the generic diagnosis.展开更多
Protogynous groupers,belonging to the subfamily Epinephelinae,are among the most crucial fishery targets in the Asian countries.Currently,several grouper species are cultured,providing seed for the aquaculture industr...Protogynous groupers,belonging to the subfamily Epinephelinae,are among the most crucial fishery targets in the Asian countries.Currently,several grouper species are cultured,providing seed for the aquaculture industry.However,cultivation grouper larvae are unstable.Thus,the improvement of aquaculture technology of grouper production is needed.Appropriate managing the reproduction and sex of the target parent fish is vital to enhance the efficiency of aquaculture.This paper reviews new technologies for induction of gonadal maturation and control of sex in groupers.The dynamics of androgen-producing cells,which are essential for a sex change,are also discussed.展开更多
文摘Recently, whether Archaefructus has bisexual multi-parted flowers or just inflorescences of unisexual flowers, and whether it is ancestral to all angiosperms or a derived eudicot have been debated. Here, from the same Yixian Formation, NE China, we report a new Archaefructus species, A. eoflora sp. nov., with the generic characteristics of dissected leaves and bisexual reproductive axes. It is entirely preserved with roots, rhizome, shoots and protogynous reproductive organs at different developmental stages. Its lateral and main fertile shoots form a pseudo-indeterminate pattern, while the reproductive branches on the main shoot form a cymose inflorescence. Subtended by 1-2 bract-like leaves, the section of stamen clusters changes into a much shorter section of carpels that have one row of orthotropous ovules. Significantly, one cluster bearing two carpels and one stamen between the two sections demonstrates a true bisexual flower, an important step of the origin of floral bisexuality, and the homology between the stamen and carpel. The complex reproductive axes represent a mix between flowers and inflorescences, and suggest that A. eoflora sp. nov. possesses the potential to evolve into a variety of diverse flower types as found in modern basal and early fossil angiosperms. A comparison with other two species also leads to a revision of the generic diagnosis.
基金JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers J18H02281,16K07873,19K06229.I express special thanks to grouper research member(Prof.Masaru Nakamura[Okinawa Churashima Foundation],Dr.Ryo Nozu[Kumamoto Univ.]and Dr.Ryosuke Murata[Nagasaki Univ.])for their kind assistance and useful advice.
文摘Protogynous groupers,belonging to the subfamily Epinephelinae,are among the most crucial fishery targets in the Asian countries.Currently,several grouper species are cultured,providing seed for the aquaculture industry.However,cultivation grouper larvae are unstable.Thus,the improvement of aquaculture technology of grouper production is needed.Appropriate managing the reproduction and sex of the target parent fish is vital to enhance the efficiency of aquaculture.This paper reviews new technologies for induction of gonadal maturation and control of sex in groupers.The dynamics of androgen-producing cells,which are essential for a sex change,are also discussed.
