Antiozonants and antioxidants are additives commonly used in the rubber industry to enhance the durability and performance of rubber products. Ozone, present in the atmosphere, can cause rubber to degrade over time th...Antiozonants and antioxidants are additives commonly used in the rubber industry to enhance the durability and performance of rubber products. Ozone, present in the atmosphere, can cause rubber to degrade over time through a process known as ozone cracking. These rubber additives are added to rubber compounds to protect against this degradation. They work by reacting with ozone, preventing it from attacking and breaking the molecular chains in the rubber, helping to maintain the structural integrity of the rubber product. It is now well known that 6PPD contributes to the extension of the service life of rubber products. However, recent studies have shown that 6PPD can be harmful to the environment, especially when end-of-life tyres (ELTs) are contaminated with the water. With the effect of ozone, 6PPD is converted to 6PPD quinone, which is toxic enough to kill some sensitive fish species such as Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). This study drew attention to new chemical compounds and natural products that can be used as antiozonants and antioxidants in the rubber industry instead of 6PPD. Although the scientific studies are promising, the fact that 6PPD is still used in production shows that more scientific studies and social awareness need to be developed in this area.展开更多
结核病（tuberculosis）是由结核杆菌引起的一种慢性肉芽肿病，主要以呼吸道传播。据世界卫生组织估计，目前全球大约有1／3的人感染了结核菌。结核菌素试验广泛应用于结核病流行病学调查、卡介苗接种对象筛选、质量检测及临床辅助诊断...结核病（tuberculosis）是由结核杆菌引起的一种慢性肉芽肿病，主要以呼吸道传播。据世界卫生组织估计，目前全球大约有1／3的人感染了结核菌。结核菌素试验广泛应用于结核病流行病学调查、卡介苗接种对象筛选、质量检测及临床辅助诊断等方面。目前国内均已采用结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物（TB—PPD）、卡介菌纯蛋白衍生物（BCG—PPD）做结核菌素试验，以使结核菌素的效价更稳定，反应更具特异性。但是随着临床应用的增多，文献报道PPD试验的不良反应（adverse drug reactions．ADRs）亦随之增加，本文就1990-2005年以来国内文献报道的PPD试验不良反应病例进行分析，了解PPD不良反应的临床特征及相关因素，以期提高警戒，减少不良反应的发生。展开更多
文摘Antiozonants and antioxidants are additives commonly used in the rubber industry to enhance the durability and performance of rubber products. Ozone, present in the atmosphere, can cause rubber to degrade over time through a process known as ozone cracking. These rubber additives are added to rubber compounds to protect against this degradation. They work by reacting with ozone, preventing it from attacking and breaking the molecular chains in the rubber, helping to maintain the structural integrity of the rubber product. It is now well known that 6PPD contributes to the extension of the service life of rubber products. However, recent studies have shown that 6PPD can be harmful to the environment, especially when end-of-life tyres (ELTs) are contaminated with the water. With the effect of ozone, 6PPD is converted to 6PPD quinone, which is toxic enough to kill some sensitive fish species such as Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). This study drew attention to new chemical compounds and natural products that can be used as antiozonants and antioxidants in the rubber industry instead of 6PPD. Although the scientific studies are promising, the fact that 6PPD is still used in production shows that more scientific studies and social awareness need to be developed in this area.
文摘结核病（tuberculosis）是由结核杆菌引起的一种慢性肉芽肿病，主要以呼吸道传播。据世界卫生组织估计，目前全球大约有1／3的人感染了结核菌。结核菌素试验广泛应用于结核病流行病学调查、卡介苗接种对象筛选、质量检测及临床辅助诊断等方面。目前国内均已采用结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物（TB—PPD）、卡介菌纯蛋白衍生物（BCG—PPD）做结核菌素试验，以使结核菌素的效价更稳定，反应更具特异性。但是随着临床应用的增多，文献报道PPD试验的不良反应（adverse drug reactions．ADRs）亦随之增加，本文就1990-2005年以来国内文献报道的PPD试验不良反应病例进行分析，了解PPD不良反应的临床特征及相关因素，以期提高警戒，减少不良反应的发生。
