NDVI-Based Lacunarity Texture for Improving Identification of Torreya Using Object-Oriented Method

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） is a very useful feature for differentiating vegetation and non-vegetation in remote sensed imagery. In the light of the function of NDVI and the spatial patterns of the vegetation landscapes, we proposed the lacunarity texture derived from NDVI to characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation landscapes concerning the ＂gappiness＂ or ＂emptiness＂ characteristics. The NDVI-based lacunarity texture was incorporated into object-oriented classification for improving the identification of vegetation categories, especially Torreya which was the targeted tree species in the present research. A three-level hierarchical network of image objects was defined and the proposed texture was integrated as potential sources of information in the rules base. A knowledge base of rules created by classifier C5.0 indicated that the texture could potentially be applied in object-oriented classification. It was found that the addition of such texture improved the identification of every vegetation category. The results demonstrated that the texture could characterize the spatial patterns of vegetation structures, which could be a promising approach for vegetation identification.

Shrek:a dynamic object-oriented programming language

From a perspective of theoretical study, there are some faults in the models of the existing object-oriented programming languages. For example, C# does not support metaclasses, the primitive types of Java and C# are not objects, etc. So, this paper designs a programming language, Shrek, which integrates many language features and constructions in a compact and consistent model. The Shrek language is a class-based purely object-oriented language. It has a dynamical strong type system, and adopts a single-inheritance mechanism with Mixin as its complement. It has a consistent class instantiation and inheritance structure, and the ability of intercessive structural computational reflection, which enables it to support safe metaclass programming. It also supports multi-thread programming and automatic garbage collection, and enforces its expressive power by adopting a native method mechanism. The prototype system of the Shrek language is implemented and anticipated design goals are achieved.

An AI Embedded Object-Oriented Approach for Formulating Computable General Equilibrium

This paper proposes and illustrates an AI embedded object-oriented methodology to formulate the computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. In this framework, a CGE model is viewed as a collection of objects embedded AI or namely agents in computer world, corresponding to economic agents and entities in real world, such as government, households, markets and so on. A frame representation of major objects in CGE model is used for trade and environment. Embedded Al object-oriented approach (or software agent) is used in the CGE model representation can able to narrow the gap among the semantic representation, formal CGE (mathematical) representation and computer and algorithm representation, and to improve CGE in understanding and maintenance etc. In such a system, constructing a CGE model to appear an intuitive process rather than an abstract process. This intuitive process needs more understanding of the substance of economics and the logic underlying the problem rather than mathematical notation.

Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming Based on MPI

Object-oriented model possesses inherent concurrency. Integration of concurrency and object-orientation is a promising new field. MPI is a message-passing standard and has been adopted by more and more systems. This paper proposes a novel approach to realize concurrent object-oriented programming based on Message-passing interface(MPI) in which future method communication is adopted between concurrent objects. A state behavior set is proposed to solve inheritance anomaly, and a bounded buffer is taken as an example to illustrate this proposal. The definition of ParaMPI class, which is the most important class in the concurrent class library, and implementation issues are briefly described.

Object-Oriented Modeling of the Variation of Acceleration and Deceleration Characteristics in Relation to Speed Bands for Railway Vehicles

Automated operation and artificial intelligence technology have become essential for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and punctuality of railways, with applications such as ATO (Automatic Train Operation). In this study, the authors propose a method to efficiently simulate the kinematic characteristics of railroad vehicles depending on their speed zone. They utilized the function overloading function supported by a programming language and applied the fourth-order Lunge-Kutta method for dynamic simulation. By constructing an object model, the authors calculated vehicle characteristics and TPS and compared them with actual values, verifying that the developed model represents the real-life vehicle characteristics accurately. The study highlights potential improvements in automated driving and energy consumption optimization in the railway industry.

Research and Development of the Object-oriented Design Method: IDEF4

Object-oriented technology has been widely accepted over recent years and proper use of this technology helps facilitate large system development. Concurrent engineering is one of the large, complex programs thatbenefits from using the objectuoriented method. This paper first introduces some popular object-oriented designmethods and then focuses on the IDEF4 method. The IDEF4 method is one member of IDEF, which is an integratedfamily of integration definition methods. The IDEF4 method was applied to the development of a specific system. Application of the method exposes the advantages and disadvantages of IDEF4. An enhancement method, IDEF4X, isproposed to provide a more powerful object-oriented method.

Object-oriented Urban Dynamic Monitoring——A Case Study of Haidian District of Beijing

It is crucial to conduct the land use/cover research to obtain the global change information.Urban area is one of the most sensitive areas in land use/cover change.Therefore land use/cover change in urban areas is very im-portant in global change.It is vital to incorporate the information of urban land use/cover change into the process of decision-making about urban area development.In this paper,a new urban change detection approach,urban dynamic monitoring based on objects,is introduced.This approach includes four steps:1)producing multi-scale objects from multi-temporal remotely sensed images with spectrum,texture and context information;2)extracting possible changed objects adopting object-oriented classification;3)obtaining shared objects as the basic units for urban change detection;4)determining the threshold to segment the changed objects from the possible changed objects using Otsu method.In this paper,the object-based approach was applied to detecting the urban expansion in Haidian District,Beijing,China with two Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM)data in 1997 and 2004.The results indicated that the overall accuracy was about 84.83%,and Kappa about 0.785.Compared with other conventional approaches,the object-based approach was advantageous in reducing the error accumulation of image classification of each datum and in independence to the radiometric correction and image registration accuracy.

Multi-instance learning for software quality estimation in object-oriented systems:a case study

We investigate a problem of object-oriented (OO) software quality estimation from a multi-instance (MI) perspective. In detail,each set of classes that have an inheritance relation,named 'class hierarchy',is regarded as a bag,while each class in the set is regarded as an instance. The learning task in this study is to estimate the label of unseen bags,i.e.,the fault-proneness of untested class hierarchies. A fault-prone class hierarchy contains at least one fault-prone (negative) class,while a non-fault-prone (positive) one has no negative class. Based on the modification records (MRs) of the previous project releases and OO software metrics,the fault-proneness of an untested class hierarchy can be predicted. Several selected MI learning algorithms were evalu-ated on five datasets collected from an industrial software project. Among the MI learning algorithms investigated in the ex-periments,the kernel method using a dedicated MI-kernel was better than the others in accurately and correctly predicting the fault-proneness of the class hierarchies. In addition,when compared to a supervised support vector machine (SVM) algorithm,the MI-kernel method still had a competitive performance with much less cost.

An Object-Oriented Transaction Model

In object-oriented database systems(OODBSs),the traditional transaction models are no longer suit- able because of the difference between the object-oriented data model(OODM)and the conventional da- ta models(e.g.relational data model).In this paper,transaction models for advanced databuse applica- tions are reviewed and their shortcomings are analyzed.Exchangeability of operations is proposed in- stead of commuativity and recoverability for using more semantics in transaction management.As a result,an object-oriented transaction model(in short,OOTM)is presented.It is not modeled for some special application,but directly based on object-oriented paradigms.A transaction is regarded as an interpretation of a method.Each transaction(even subtransactions)keeps relative ACID(Atomicity, Consistency,Isolation,Durability )properties,therefore the special problems appearing in OODBSs such as“long transactions”,“visibility of inconsistent database state”can be solved.

OBJECT-ORIENTED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND PROGRAMMING IN VC++

The design of finite element analysis program using object-oriented programming (OOP) techniques is presented. The objects, classes and the subclasses used in the programming are explained. The system of classes library of finite element analysis program and Windows-type Graphical User Interfaces by VC + + and its MFC are developed. The reliability, reusability and extensibility of program are enhanced. It is a reference to develop the large-scale, versatile and powerful systems of object-oriented finite element software.

Finite Element Structural Analysis UsingObject-Oriented Techniques

This paper describes the object-oriented implementational method of finite element structural analysis, gives the basic concepts of the object-oriented method and objectoriented programming, develops a complete class hierarchy structure of object-oriented finite element structural analysis, and gives a part C+ + code description.

Object-oriented software tools for parallel PDE solvers

An object-oriented approach is taken to the problem of formulating portable, easy-to-modify PDE solvers for realistic problems in three space dimensions. The resulting software library, Cogito, contains tools for writing programs to be executed on MIMD computers with distributed memory. Difference methods on composite, structured grids are supported. Most of the Cogito classes have been implemented in Fortran 77, in such a way that the object-oriented design is visible. With respect to parallel performance, these tools yield code that is comparable to parallel solvers written in plain Fortran 77. The resulting programs are can be executed without modification on a large number of multicomputer platforms, and also on serial computers. The uppermost level of abstraction in Cogito concerns the problem of decoupling the numerical method from the PDE problem. The validity of these tools has been preliminarily demonstrated with a C++ implementation for one-dimensional problems.

Object-Oriented Finite Element Analysis of Metal Working Processes

Recently an object-oriented approach has been applied in the fields of finite element analysis with a view to treating the various complexities within these. It has been demonstrated that finite element software designed using an object-oriented approach can be significantly more robust than traditional codes. This paper describes a special kind of implementation of object-oriented programming which is rather hybrid in nature, in the development of a finite element code for engineering analysis of metal working problems using C++, and discusses the advantages of this approach.

复杂受荷下盾构隧道原型结构试验平台的研发与实证

盾构隧道结构在全寿命周期中往往将面临诸多复杂荷载状态,如注浆、偏载、偏转等非对称偏不利工况。为验证结构在这些复杂荷载状态下的适用性,探究结构力学性能,开展足尺原型结构试验研究往往是最为直接而有效的手段。既有原型试验主要关注隧道结构在简单对称荷载条件下的力学性能,鲜有关注复杂非对称荷载状态。为拓展原型试验的适用范围,提出了适用于不同断面盾构隧道结构的原型试验平台和用于模拟复杂荷载状态的试验荷载设计方法。该方法适用于任意加载点布置和液压站分组的试验系统,可对注浆、偏载、偏转等复杂荷载状态下结构响应进行精确模拟。通过类矩形盾构隧道、双圆隧道和圆形隧道的偏载原型结构试验研究,验证了试验平台和试验荷载设计方法的适用性。进一步针对试验关键参数的分析表明,控制目标权重系数的调整能有效满足不同的试验模拟要求;基于试验荷载设计方法优化的迭代算法能有效考虑计算模型或边界支承条件的非线性;环箍钢绞线和千斤顶的组合加载模式能将拟合误差水平降低至千斤顶加载模式的1/5,但需要删去部分加载点使试验荷载合理且适用;对于越复杂的结构和荷载,精确模拟结构状态需要的试验系统独立荷载组数越高,对试验平台的要求也越高。

基于原型监测的悬链线式系泊系统可靠性评估方法

系泊系统是浮式平台装备的关键结构,对保障平台的安全生产具有重要作用,及时了解和评估系泊系统的安全状态和风险等级具有重要意义。针对在平台现场作业环境下对系泊链实时在位检测的困难,本文提出一种基于现场监测信息的悬链线式系泊系统可靠性评估方法,相较于传统的蒙特卡洛模拟,本文方法可以大大提高计算效率,以满足可靠性实时评估的要求。首先,基于悬链线方程引入海流载荷的影响,开展系泊链受力行为的仿真分析;进而,提出基于改进蒙特卡洛(EMC,Enhanced Monte Carlo)方法的系泊强度可靠性与疲劳可靠性评估方法;最后,基于南海某半潜式平台的实测数据,对平台的系泊链可靠性进行评估,同时考虑腐蚀的影响。结果表明,本文所提出的系泊可靠性实时评估方法可以为悬链线式系泊系统的在位安全评估与维护提供指导。

“伞型”与“束柱”的木构建造实验:数字技术介入当代转换设计方法

数字技术为新型木构建筑创作提供了规范系统运作。文章以“伞型”与“束柱”木构设计为研究样本,通过Grasshopper平台对建筑模型进行参数化处理,对传力方式进行有限元分析并进行可视化表达,结合遗传算法进行多目标优化,寻找结构形式最优解,构建参数化生成模型;结合实例模型,从伞型结构单元、束柱整体框架、木网编织纹理3个方面,剖析木构设计原则与方法,并论述其用材与细部技术策略,协调概念设计、材料、构造的关系,从而拓展木构建筑的可能性,以期对我国当下木构建筑设计有所启示。

城市尺度建筑集群能耗模拟方法研究

目前针对单体建筑节能技术的研究已趋于成熟,而针对街区和城市尺度建筑集群能耗的研究相对较少。本研究梳理了在街区和城市尺度进行建筑能耗模拟的基本方法,并优选出最适合的基于UMI插件的建筑原型法,通过对实际街区的建筑集群能耗模拟验证了该方法的可行性和准确性,为未来街区和城市尺度建筑集群节能研究提供了技术支持。

蝗虫优化算法与单一预测模型在干旱区光伏功率预测中的比较研究

为了找出适用于干旱区的更为精确的光伏功率预测方法,基于2022年甘肃省敦煌某光伏电站的实际观测数据和数值预报资料,利用原型预报法、短期误差订正法、逐步回归法建立3种短期光伏功率预测模型,同时,使用蝗虫优化算法对3种单一模型优化形成组合预测方法,并对4种方法的预报效果进行检验和评估。结果表明,单一预测模型中逐步回归法均方根误差、相对均方根误差均小于原型预报法、短期误差订正法,逐步回归法的预报精度更高,变化幅度最小,预报效果更为稳定;与3种单一模型相比,经过蝗虫优化算法形成的组合预测模型预报效果有所提升,平均均方根误差分别降低145.21、153.48和70.91 kW;不同天气状况下,组合预测模型均优于单一预测模型,晴天预测效果最好。

面向国产处理器的FPGA原型验证系统优化方法

在集成电路的设计过程中,流片之前进行现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)验证是一个必不可少的环节。在对某款国产处理器芯片进行FPGA验证时,一些性能测试课题出现测试结果不稳定,与其他验证平台结果出入较大的现象。针对这一问题,基于事务处理模块开发了一套新型调试系统,能够方便准确地观测到FPGA测试过程中关键事务的动态变化数据,并实时传递。用事务级查错方式替代常见的信号级查错手段,有效提高了FPGA原型验证过程的可观测性,加快问题定位速度,提高查错验证效率。在目标处理器芯片验证流程中,成功解决二级缓存访存延迟测试不稳定的问题,取得了一定成效。

Current Model Analysis of South China Sea Based on Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) Decomposition and Prototype Monitoring Data

Environmental load is the primary factor in the design of offshore engineering structures and ocean current is the principal environmental load that causes underwater structural failure. In computational analysis, the calculation of current load is mainly based on the current profile. The current profile model, which is based on a structural failure criterion, is conducive to decreasing the uncertainty of the current load. In this study, we used prototype monitoring data and the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method to investigate the current profile in the South China Sea and its correlation with the design of underwater structural strength and the dynamic design of fatigue. The underwater structural strength design takes into account the size of the structure and the service water depth. We propose profiles for the overall and local designs using the inverse first-order reliability method(IFORM). We extracted the characteristic profile current(CPC) of the monitored sea area to solve dynamic design problems such as vortex-induced vibration(VIV). We used random sampling to verify the feasibility of using the EOF method to calculate the CPC from the current data and identified the main problems associated with using the CPC, which deserve close attention in VIV design. Our research conclusions provide direct references for determining current load in this sea area. This analysis method can also be used in the analysis of other sea areas or field variables.