<strong>Introduction:</strong> Viral hepatitis is a major public health challenge that requires an urgent response. Reducing mortality requires major scale-up in prevention, testing and treatment access;co...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Viral hepatitis is a major public health challenge that requires an urgent response. Reducing mortality requires major scale-up in prevention, testing and treatment access;coverage in HBV vaccination, testing and treatment is low and must accelerate massively to achieve the 2030 targets. Less than 1% of HBV-infected individuals are diagnosed in Sub-Sahara Africa, despite the availability of rapid tests with good diagnostic accuracy. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This was retrospective cross sectional study conducted in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, in North East Nigeria. All children and adults who presented to the out-patient departments, and those that were admitted irrespective of their HIV and or Hepatitis C virus status and had Hepatitis B and/or Hepatitis B envelope antigen test were conducted between 2000 to 2015. All children and adults were tested using the Hospital standard for Hepatitis B surface antigen test strip. <strong>Results:</strong> Between 2000 and 2014, 739,456 children and adults were admitted and reviewed in the outpatient units of the Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe;there were 685,552 adults and 53,904 children. Children constituted 7.3% (53,904/739,456) of admissions and outpatient consultations. 2.8% (210/7570), 3.3% (773/23,783), 3.6% (1145/32,142), 5.2% (1694/33,043), 3.3% (986/29,216), 1.9% (661/3321), 0.1% (53/41,626), 0.2% (113/46,634), 2.6% (1418/54,423), 5.4% (3717/69,696), 3.7% (2332/62,086), 3.5% (3241/90,623), 3.2% (2881/89,398), 3.8% (2428/62,687), 2.8% (1835/63,208) of children and adults were tested for HBsAg in 2000, 2001, 20002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. 23,487 children and adults were tested for HBsAg with a cumulative testing rate of 3%. Overall 4465/23,487 children and adults were seropositive for HBsAg giving a cumulative prevalence of 19%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> HBV screening in our health facility is very low. Massive scale up in awareness and HBV vaccination are required. Provider initiated testing and counseling for HBV in health facilities needs support for implementation in Health Facilities in Sub Saharan Africa.展开更多
目的:探讨在计划生育门诊中开展医务人员主动提供HIV检测咨询(provider-initiated testing and counse-ling,PITC)服务的必要性和可行性及影响因素。方法:随机抽取计划生育门诊就诊者800人进行问卷凋查。结果:就诊者艾滋病总知识知晓率...目的:探讨在计划生育门诊中开展医务人员主动提供HIV检测咨询(provider-initiated testing and counse-ling,PITC)服务的必要性和可行性及影响因素。方法:随机抽取计划生育门诊就诊者800人进行问卷凋查。结果:就诊者艾滋病总知识知晓率为85.27%,各知识点知晓率差距较大,12个知识点中有7项正确回答率90%以上,有3项正确回答率在70%以下;年轻、初中文化程度和无业人员、工人等人群知晓率偏低。对艾滋病病毒感染者态度有30.0%持"同情并帮助"态度,有38.00%持"同情并疏远"态度。76.75%认为HIV检测咨询可以控制艾滋病的流行和传播。"认为HIV检测的负面影响"的选择中,害怕被歧视29.73%、家庭破裂24.62%、失去工作24.44%、暴露隐私21.21%。在不愿接受HIV检测的就诊者中,81.90%认为没必要。25.62%(人.项)的就诊者知道计生门诊可以提供艾滋病检测咨询服务;35.22%的就诊者会首选到计生门诊检测。分别有86.88%和94.63%的人表示,在计生门诊就诊时,愿意接受医务人员提供HIV检测和HIV方面的知识信息咨询。开展PITC服务1年,门诊检测率从11.64%提高到23.15%,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:计划生育门诊医务人员开展PITC服务是必要的和可行的,能明显提高就诊者的HIV检测率。艾滋病综合知识知晓率低、HIV检测重要性认识不足、社会歧视是阻碍就诊者接受PITC服务的重要影响因素。展开更多
为了及早发现艾滋病病毒携带者,医务人员在知情不拒绝原则下主动提供对就诊病人进行的艾滋病咨询和检测(provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling,PITC)来扩大检测范围,已经列入我国艾滋病防治行动计划。PITC在性质上是行政指导...为了及早发现艾滋病病毒携带者,医务人员在知情不拒绝原则下主动提供对就诊病人进行的艾滋病咨询和检测(provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling,PITC)来扩大检测范围,已经列入我国艾滋病防治行动计划。PITC在性质上是行政指导行为,从整体来看是授益性行政行为,必须遵循行政合法性原则。按照知情不拒绝原则实施的PITC,在权限、依据、事实和程序方面基本具备行政合法性,但在实施中也存在一些具体问题。为扩大检测范围,增强知情不拒绝原则进路下PITC的合法性,应努力消除对就诊者的损益性、完善告知内容和程序、加强信息公开。展开更多
目的收集2019年1月至2022年3月于泉州市某医院性病门诊进行性病和HIV咨询检查的患者相关信息,了解其HIV感染情况,分析性别、年龄、时间和行为因素等对HIV感染的影响,为艾滋病的科学防控提供基础依据。方法用雅培化学发光法对HIV咨询检...目的收集2019年1月至2022年3月于泉州市某医院性病门诊进行性病和HIV咨询检查的患者相关信息,了解其HIV感染情况,分析性别、年龄、时间和行为因素等对HIV感染的影响,为艾滋病的科学防控提供基础依据。方法用雅培化学发光法对HIV咨询检查患者的静脉血样进行检测,阳性血样送泉州市疾病预防控制中心作确证,确证阳性认定为HIV感染。统计HIV确证阳性率并收集感染者相关资料进行分析。结果2019年1月至2022年3月,该市某医院性病门诊患者新增HIV阳性人数159人,总阳性率为1.71%,HIV感染呈逐年上升趋势。不同性别患者的HIV阳性率分别为男性2.22%和女性0.56%,男性高于女性,HIV总阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=32.526,P<0.05)。男性患者的HIV阳性率以≤20岁和50~<60岁年龄组较高,HIV阳性率分别为4.35%和2.85%。结论2019年1月至2022年3月泉州市HIV感染人数增加,主要涉及男性及从事商业、餐饮、公共场所等服务人群,男性HIV感染主要通过男男性行为(men who have sex with men,MSM)途径。加强对该类人群的健康宣教工作,对艾滋病的防控有重要意义。展开更多
目的了解艾滋病自愿咨询检测(Voluntary counseling and testing,VCT)和主动提供艾滋病检测咨询服务(Provider initiated HIV testing and counseling,PITC)途径发现HIV阳性病例的特征,探讨有效艾滋病防治模式。方法收集2002-2015年现...目的了解艾滋病自愿咨询检测(Voluntary counseling and testing,VCT)和主动提供艾滋病检测咨询服务(Provider initiated HIV testing and counseling,PITC)途径发现HIV阳性病例的特征,探讨有效艾滋病防治模式。方法收集2002-2015年现住址为江阴市的HIV阳性病例资料进行构成比统计,利用卡方检验比较VCT和PITC两组数据差异。结果 VCT和PITC两种途径分别发现139例和219例HIV阳性病例,两组在婚姻(χ2=22.634)、职业(χ2=27.834)、年龄(χ2=14.035)、传播途径(χ2=17.777)、疾病状态(χ2=15.859)、当年死亡情况(χ2=16.327)、晚发现情况(χ2=27.315)、CD4检测情况(χ2=6.770)、CD4计数(t=2.635)上的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);VCT途径发现的HIV阳性病例在同性传播比例、HIV感染者比例、CD4细胞计数200~500个/μl和≥500个/μl的比例均高于PITC途径;PITC途径发现的HIV阳性病例在当年死亡比例、艾滋病病人比例、晚发现比例、CD4细胞计数<200个/μl比例均高于VCT。结论 VCT在早期发现病例和在MSM筛查中存在优势;进一步推广PITC途径有助于发挥其在普通人群中的检测优势;两者结合模式应推广实施。展开更多
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Viral hepatitis is a major public health challenge that requires an urgent response. Reducing mortality requires major scale-up in prevention, testing and treatment access;coverage in HBV vaccination, testing and treatment is low and must accelerate massively to achieve the 2030 targets. Less than 1% of HBV-infected individuals are diagnosed in Sub-Sahara Africa, despite the availability of rapid tests with good diagnostic accuracy. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This was retrospective cross sectional study conducted in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, in North East Nigeria. All children and adults who presented to the out-patient departments, and those that were admitted irrespective of their HIV and or Hepatitis C virus status and had Hepatitis B and/or Hepatitis B envelope antigen test were conducted between 2000 to 2015. All children and adults were tested using the Hospital standard for Hepatitis B surface antigen test strip. <strong>Results:</strong> Between 2000 and 2014, 739,456 children and adults were admitted and reviewed in the outpatient units of the Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe;there were 685,552 adults and 53,904 children. Children constituted 7.3% (53,904/739,456) of admissions and outpatient consultations. 2.8% (210/7570), 3.3% (773/23,783), 3.6% (1145/32,142), 5.2% (1694/33,043), 3.3% (986/29,216), 1.9% (661/3321), 0.1% (53/41,626), 0.2% (113/46,634), 2.6% (1418/54,423), 5.4% (3717/69,696), 3.7% (2332/62,086), 3.5% (3241/90,623), 3.2% (2881/89,398), 3.8% (2428/62,687), 2.8% (1835/63,208) of children and adults were tested for HBsAg in 2000, 2001, 20002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. 23,487 children and adults were tested for HBsAg with a cumulative testing rate of 3%. Overall 4465/23,487 children and adults were seropositive for HBsAg giving a cumulative prevalence of 19%. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> HBV screening in our health facility is very low. Massive scale up in awareness and HBV vaccination are required. Provider initiated testing and counseling for HBV in health facilities needs support for implementation in Health Facilities in Sub Saharan Africa.
文摘目的:探讨在计划生育门诊中开展医务人员主动提供HIV检测咨询(provider-initiated testing and counse-ling,PITC)服务的必要性和可行性及影响因素。方法:随机抽取计划生育门诊就诊者800人进行问卷凋查。结果:就诊者艾滋病总知识知晓率为85.27%,各知识点知晓率差距较大,12个知识点中有7项正确回答率90%以上,有3项正确回答率在70%以下;年轻、初中文化程度和无业人员、工人等人群知晓率偏低。对艾滋病病毒感染者态度有30.0%持"同情并帮助"态度,有38.00%持"同情并疏远"态度。76.75%认为HIV检测咨询可以控制艾滋病的流行和传播。"认为HIV检测的负面影响"的选择中,害怕被歧视29.73%、家庭破裂24.62%、失去工作24.44%、暴露隐私21.21%。在不愿接受HIV检测的就诊者中,81.90%认为没必要。25.62%(人.项)的就诊者知道计生门诊可以提供艾滋病检测咨询服务;35.22%的就诊者会首选到计生门诊检测。分别有86.88%和94.63%的人表示,在计生门诊就诊时,愿意接受医务人员提供HIV检测和HIV方面的知识信息咨询。开展PITC服务1年,门诊检测率从11.64%提高到23.15%,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:计划生育门诊医务人员开展PITC服务是必要的和可行的,能明显提高就诊者的HIV检测率。艾滋病综合知识知晓率低、HIV检测重要性认识不足、社会歧视是阻碍就诊者接受PITC服务的重要影响因素。
文摘为了及早发现艾滋病病毒携带者,医务人员在知情不拒绝原则下主动提供对就诊病人进行的艾滋病咨询和检测(provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling,PITC)来扩大检测范围,已经列入我国艾滋病防治行动计划。PITC在性质上是行政指导行为,从整体来看是授益性行政行为,必须遵循行政合法性原则。按照知情不拒绝原则实施的PITC,在权限、依据、事实和程序方面基本具备行政合法性,但在实施中也存在一些具体问题。为扩大检测范围,增强知情不拒绝原则进路下PITC的合法性,应努力消除对就诊者的损益性、完善告知内容和程序、加强信息公开。
文摘目的收集2019年1月至2022年3月于泉州市某医院性病门诊进行性病和HIV咨询检查的患者相关信息,了解其HIV感染情况,分析性别、年龄、时间和行为因素等对HIV感染的影响,为艾滋病的科学防控提供基础依据。方法用雅培化学发光法对HIV咨询检查患者的静脉血样进行检测,阳性血样送泉州市疾病预防控制中心作确证,确证阳性认定为HIV感染。统计HIV确证阳性率并收集感染者相关资料进行分析。结果2019年1月至2022年3月,该市某医院性病门诊患者新增HIV阳性人数159人,总阳性率为1.71%,HIV感染呈逐年上升趋势。不同性别患者的HIV阳性率分别为男性2.22%和女性0.56%,男性高于女性,HIV总阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=32.526,P<0.05)。男性患者的HIV阳性率以≤20岁和50~<60岁年龄组较高,HIV阳性率分别为4.35%和2.85%。结论2019年1月至2022年3月泉州市HIV感染人数增加,主要涉及男性及从事商业、餐饮、公共场所等服务人群,男性HIV感染主要通过男男性行为(men who have sex with men,MSM)途径。加强对该类人群的健康宣教工作,对艾滋病的防控有重要意义。
文摘目的了解艾滋病自愿咨询检测(Voluntary counseling and testing,VCT)和主动提供艾滋病检测咨询服务(Provider initiated HIV testing and counseling,PITC)途径发现HIV阳性病例的特征,探讨有效艾滋病防治模式。方法收集2002-2015年现住址为江阴市的HIV阳性病例资料进行构成比统计,利用卡方检验比较VCT和PITC两组数据差异。结果 VCT和PITC两种途径分别发现139例和219例HIV阳性病例,两组在婚姻(χ2=22.634)、职业(χ2=27.834)、年龄(χ2=14.035)、传播途径(χ2=17.777)、疾病状态(χ2=15.859)、当年死亡情况(χ2=16.327)、晚发现情况(χ2=27.315)、CD4检测情况(χ2=6.770)、CD4计数(t=2.635)上的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);VCT途径发现的HIV阳性病例在同性传播比例、HIV感染者比例、CD4细胞计数200~500个/μl和≥500个/μl的比例均高于PITC途径;PITC途径发现的HIV阳性病例在当年死亡比例、艾滋病病人比例、晚发现比例、CD4细胞计数<200个/μl比例均高于VCT。结论 VCT在早期发现病例和在MSM筛查中存在优势;进一步推广PITC途径有助于发挥其在普通人群中的检测优势;两者结合模式应推广实施。
