Proximal Femoral Nail in Reverse Trochanteric Femoral Fractures: An Analysis of 53 Cases at One Year Follow-Up

Treatment of reverse oblique trochanteric femoral fractures poses a lot of challenges. There have been proponents of intramedullary devices as well as extramedullary devices. We present the results of proximal femoral nailing surgery performed for reverse obliquity intertrochanteric fractures using two proximal lag screws and a nail of 250 mm. There is prospective study of fifty three patients with AO/OTA 31 A-A3 fractures being treated by proximal femoral nailing in our institute after seeking approval from the Hospital ethics board. The quality of the reduction, the operative time, complications and the functional status of the patients were the parameters on which the results were evaluated. The mean Harris hip score was 76.66 (range 70 - 93) and the mean Barthel activity score was 16.21 (range 12 - 20). The average surgical time was 50 minutes and the mean consolidation time was 11.5 weeks. Intramedullary nailing with proximal femoral nails seems to be a good option in the treatment of reverse obliquity intertrochanteric fractures as against the various existing options available for the management.

Comparison of Clinical Effect of PFNA and Internal Fixation with Anatomical Locking Plate of Proximal Femur in Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

Purpose:To investigate the clinical value of proximal femoral nail antirotation and anatomical locking plate of proximal femur in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur.Methods:The study group is treated with PFNA internal fixation.The control group is treated by internal fixation with anatomical locking plate of proximal femur.Results:The time of operation,the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the time of fracture healing in the study group are significantly less than those in the control group.The incidence rate of complication in the study group(3.23%)is significantly lower than that in the control group(17.2%).Data comparison shows P<0.05.Conclusion:The curative effect and prognosis for patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur treated by PFNA internal fixation are more ideal.

Comparison of Clinical Effect of PFNA and Internal Fixation with Anatomical Locking Plate of Proximal Femur in Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

Purpose To investigate the clinical value of proximal femoral nail antirotation and anatomical locking plate of proximal femur in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur.Methods The study group is treated with PFNA internal fixation.The control group is treated by internal fixation with anatomical locking plate of proximal femur.Results The time of operation,the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the time of fracture healing in the study group are significantly less than those in the control group.The incidence rate of complication in the study group(3.23%)is significantly lower than that in the control group(17.2%).Data comparison shows P<0.05.Conclusion The curative effect and prognosis for patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur treated by PFNA internal fixation are more ideal.

Risk Assessment of Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing for Proximal Humeral Fracture

In proximal humeral fracture except AO classification 11A1, fixations with a locking plate and nails are recommended. We performed mechanical tests to investigate whether retrograde intramedullary nailing has fixation stability comparable to those of anterograde intramedullary nailing and locking plate which achieve clinically favorable outcomes. In retrograde intramedullary nailing, a nail entry point is made in the diaphysis, for which reduction of stiffness of the humerus is of concern. Thus, we investigated the influence of a nail entry point made in the diaphysis on humeral strength. Retrograde intramedullary nailing had fixation stability against bending and a force loaded in the rotation direction comparable to those of anterograde intramedullary nail and locking plate. Displacement by the main external force loaded on the humerus, compressive load, was less than half in the bone fixed by retrograde intramedullary nailing compared with that in the bone fixed with a locking plate, showing favorable fixation stability. It was clarified that stiffness of the humerus against rotation and a load in the compression direction is not reduced by a nail entry point made by retrograde intramedullary nailing.

A comparative analysis of distal locked and unlocked long proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA-II) in the fixation of stable intertrochanteric fractures

Purpose:Long proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA-II) is a preferred implant in recent years for fixation of pertrochanteric fractures,especially in osteoporotic patients.The purpose of this study is to prospectively investigate the effect of distal locking in long PFNA-II fixation of stable intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:A total of 58 patients with isolated stable intertrochanteric fractures and treated in our hospital during the study period of 2017–2019 by distal locked or unlocked long PFNA-II fixation were included in this study.Patients who had multiple injuries or open fractures were excluded.There were 40 female and 18 male patients,with 33 affecting the left side and 25 the right side.Of them,31 belonged to the distal locked group (group A) and 27 to the unlocked group (group B).Surgical procedures and implants used in both groups were similar except for the distal locking of the nails.General data (age,gender,fracture side,etc.) showed no significant difference between two groups (allp > 0.05).The intraoperative parameters like operative time,radiation exposure and follow-up parameters like functional and radiological outcomes were recorded and compared.Statistical tests like the independent samplest-test Fischer’’s exact and Chi-square test were used to analyze association.Results:The distribution of the fractures according to AO/OTA classification and 31A1.2 type of intertrochanteric fractures were most common in our study.All the included fractures united and the average functional outcome in both groups were good and comparable at the end of one year.The operative time (mL,107.1 ± 12.6vs.77.0 ± 12.0,p < 0.001) and radiation exposure (s,78.6 ± 11.0vs.40.3 ± 9.3,p < 0.001) were significantly less among the patients in group B.Fracture consolidation,three months after the operative procedures,was seen in a significantly greater proportion of patients in group B (92.6%vs.67.7%,p = 0.025).Hardware irritation because of distal locking bolt was exclusively seen in group A,however this was not statistically significant (p = 0.241).Conclusion:We conclude that,in fixation of stable intertrochanteric fractures by long PFNA-II nail,distal locking not only increases the operative time and radiation exposure but also delays the fracture consolidation and increases the chances of hardware irritation,and hence is not required.

临床治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效观察Curative effect observation on treating senile osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fracture

目的：探讨不同方法治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法：采用回顾性方法分析，选取我院自2009年3月~2012年3月3年以来收治的92例老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折患者的临床资料。随机将其分为两组，各46例，应用股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定治疗为PENA组，采用动力髋螺钉固定治疗为DHS组，两组患者均给予中医药辨证治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间以及术后并发症。结果：两组患者在术中以及术后情况比较，PENA组患者术中以及术后情况均优于DHS组，手术时间、术中出血量、术中以及术后并发症、骨折愈合时间以及髋关节功能评分上均有明显的差异，具有差异统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：股骨近端防旋髓内钉对老年骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折患者有显著的疗效，同时操作方法比较简单，创伤小，固定牢固以及并发症少，并且结合中医药辨证治疗，有利于骨折的稳定以及早期进行功能锻炼，值得临床推广。

构建股骨转子间骨折股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定失效的风险预测模型

背景:股骨转子间骨折是主要的老年脆性骨折类型,股骨近端防旋髓内钉是首选手术方案,但术后内固定失效的相关因素尚存在争议。目的:通过术前评估患者影像学资料提出一种新的股骨转子间骨折“三柱”分类法,并分析其与术后内固定失效的交互关系,利用数字技术运算开发和验证风险预测模型,便于临床医生术前甄别并干预高风险患者。方法:选择2012年6月和2022年6月佛山市中医院三水医院收治的股骨转子间骨折患者,按照术后是否出现内固定失效结局,分为内固定失效组和内固定维持组。根据患者术前X射线片将股骨近端分为“三柱”:内侧柱、外侧柱及中柱,每柱均有不同的亚组分型。分析“三柱”的形态特征与股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定术后复位失效的关系,通过先单因素后多因素logistics回归分析,筛选出引起内固定失效的独立风险因素,根据独立风险因素利用R语言软件构建风险预测模型。采用自助法重抽样1000次,使用受试者工作特征曲线下的面积、校准曲线、临床决策曲线评价模型的区分度、校准能力及临床应用价值。通过Youden指数确定预测模型的最佳风险分界值,据此将患者分为高、低风险组,根据模型风险预测能力的准确度来评价其稳定性和外延性。结果与结论:①利用“三柱”分型系统预测骨折术后内固定失效的4个独立风险因素,分别为内侧柱(小转子及股骨距粉碎性骨折)[优势比=5.385,95%CI(1.961,14.782),P=0.001]、中间柱(烟囱型)[优势比=2.893,95%CI(1.167,7.173),P=0.022]、外侧柱(外侧壁厚度<20.5 mm)[优势比=2.804,95%CI(1.078,7.297),P=0.035]及外侧柱(外侧壁骨折)[优势比=4.278,95%CI(1.670,10.959),P=0.012];②构建的风险预测模型表现出良好的区分度和准确度[受试者工作特征曲线下面积=0.852,95%CI(0.837,0.922)],校准曲线显示模型预测风险和实际发生风险有较好的一致性;③临床决策曲线提示风险阈值概率在0.2-0.82范围内时,模型具有较好的临床适用性;风险概率为28%是模型风险分层的最佳阈值,模型在不同风险组别患者的预测性能较好;④此次研究通过“三柱”分型系统构建预测模型计算股骨转子间骨折患者术后内固定失效的风险概率,此方法准确、简便,易于临床应用,可作为一种数字化工具指导临床个性化治疗。

老年股骨粗隆间骨折手术患者内固定失败的影响因素

目的:分析老年股骨粗隆间骨折手术患者内固定失败的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2020年5月至2023年10月该院收治的186例接受股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)内固定术治疗的老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者的临床资料,统计老年股骨粗隆间骨折手术患者内固定情况,根据内固定是否失败将其分为失败组和成功组,分析其内固定失败的影响因素。结果:两组体质量指数、颈干角、吸烟史、饮酒史、骨折位置、合并基础内科疾病、骨折类型、骨折至内固定术时间、术前股骨颈骨密度、后内侧完整性比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组年龄、性别、骨折受伤机制、髓内钉主钉位置、股骨皮质厚度指数、顶尖距、螺旋刀片位置、骨折复位质量、外侧壁完整性比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥70岁、女性、高能量损伤、髓内钉主钉位置在股骨髓腔内侧或外侧、骨折复位质量差、螺旋刀片位置不理想、股骨皮质厚度指数<0.3、外侧壁不完整均为老年股骨粗隆间骨折手术患者内固定失败的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论:年龄≥70岁、女性、高能量损伤、髓内钉主钉位置在股骨髓腔内侧或外侧、骨折复位质量差、螺旋刀片位置不理想、股骨皮质厚度指数<0.3、外侧壁不完整均为老年股骨粗隆间骨折手术患者内固定失败的危险因素。

Comparison of two kinds of intramedullary nails in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in adults

Intramedullary nails have been widely used in treating femoral shaft fractures. However, end caps falling into soft tissue intraoperatively may cause trouble to surgeons, prolong operative time and increase radiation exposure. Additionally, difficulties may be encountered when removing nails because of callus formation over the nail tip. We performed a prospective study to compare two types of nails in managing femoral shaft fractures. Methods Group I consisted of seventy-four patients with unilateral femoral shaft fractures treated with cannulated interlocking anatomical femoral intramedullary nails. Group II consisted of seventy-eight patients treated with cannulated interlocking anatomical femoral intramedullary nails with tail wires. The patients＇ ages, fracture severity, duration of operation, fluoroscopy time, blood loss and falls of end caps into soft tissue were recorded. Nails were removed after fracture healing. The duration of operation and blood loss during nail removal were recorded. Results There were no significant differences between groups with respect to age and fracture severity （P 〉0.05）. End caps fell into soft tissue 17 times in 15 cases in group I and 21 times in 16 cases in group I1. An average of seven minutes was spent recovering a lost cap in group I. In group II, all lost caps were recovered immediately. The duration of operation and fluoroscopy time in group II was significantly less than in group I （P 〈0.05）. Asymptomatic palpable nodules were detected in 4 cases in group I1. Nail removals were performed on 58 patients in group I and 69 patients in group I1. The duration of operation, blood loss and complications in group II were less than in group I （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Intramedullary nails with tail wires facilitate both fracture fixation and nail removal, which can be used to treat femoral shaft fractures with less radiation exposure, shorter surgical time and fewer complications.

股骨近端防旋髓内钉-Ⅱ治疗31-A3型股骨转子间骨折扩髓与否的有限元分析

背景:针对股骨转子间骨折是否需要扩髓的问题尚有争议,一些人认为不扩髓缩短手术时间、减少出血、降低高龄患者术中风险,但此举是否会降低髓内钉支撑效果,尚无依据。另一些人认为扩髓可选择直径更粗的髓内钉,获得更好的力学支撑,但基础研究显示此方法存在脂肪栓塞、破坏骨质(尤其高龄骨质疏松患者)等风险。目的:通过有限元分析股骨近端防旋髓内钉-Ⅱ治疗31-A3型股骨转子间骨折时扩髓与不扩髓的力学分布特点。方法:纳入一名健康志愿者,CT扫描其股骨获取DICOM格式文件,顺序导入Mimics、Geomagic Wrap、SolidWorks、Hypermesh、Ansys软件处理文件,得到A3.1型、A3.2型及A3.3型股骨转子间骨折模型,分别与9,11 mm直径、170 mm长度的股骨近端防旋髓内钉-Ⅱ进行装配,赋予材料属性,设定各接触面相互作用关系及定义载荷及边界条件,之后进行求解。观察不同模型中股骨应力分布、内固定应力分布、股骨位移及内固定位移情况。结果与结论:①各型骨折采用扩髓髓内钉固定时股骨应力均小于非扩髓髓内钉固定,A3.3型骨折股骨最大应力值大于A3.1型和A3.2型;②各型骨折采用扩髓髓内钉固定时内固定应力均大于非扩髓髓内钉固定,A3.3型骨折内固定最大应力值大于A3.1型;③扩髓与非扩髓对股骨及内固定位移影响较小,应力影响较大;④提示采用扩髓髓内钉固定可使股骨应力减小,内固定整体承担应力增大,远端锁钉承担应力减小;与非扩髓髓内钉固定相比,采用扩髓髓内钉固定可能会提供更好的治疗效果。

髋关节囊周围神经阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者镇痛效果的对比研究

目的 探讨髋关节囊周围神经(pericapsular nerve group, PENG)阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞(fascia iliaca compartment block, FICB)对老年股骨粗隆间骨折(intertrochanteric femur fracture, IFF)患者股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail anti-rotation, PFNA)内固定术的镇痛效果。方法 选取2022年1—12月首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院老年IFF患者60例,随机分为P组和F组,每组各30例。P组采用PENG阻滞,F组采用FICB。两组患者均接受椎管内麻醉进行手术,术后均给予患者静脉自控镇痛(patient controlled intravenous analgesia, PCIA)。比较两组患者不同时点(T1,神经阻滞前;T2,神经阻滞后30 min;T3,术后6 h;T4,术后24 h;T5,术后48 h)静息和运动时的视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score, VAS)、术后补救镇痛率、镇痛满意度评分、住院时间、PCIA按压次数及不良反应发生率。结果 60例患者中,男23例,女37例,年龄65~85岁,平均(70.6±6.0)岁。两组T2~T5时点静息和运动时VAS均低于T1时点,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);两组静息和运动时所有时点VAS、术后补救镇痛率、镇痛满意度评分、住院时间、PCIA按压次数及不良反应发生率的比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PENG阻滞与FICB均可缓解老年IFF患者PFNA内固定术的镇痛,且镇痛效果相当。

不同方法治疗老年股骨转子间不稳定骨折疗效对比

目的对比分析生物型加长柄关节置换与股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定治疗老年股骨转子间不稳定骨折的临床效果。方法选取2019年6月至2021年6月安阳市第三人民医院收治的104例老年股骨转子间不稳定骨折患者作为研究对象,根据不同手术治疗方式将其分为置换组(52例)和固定组(52例),置换组患者采用生物型加长柄关节置换术治疗,固定组患者采用股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定术治疗,对比观察两组患者围术期相关指标、髋关节恢复情况、生活质量及术后不良事件发生情况。结果置换组患者术中出血量明显多于固定组、手术时间明显长于固定组(t=5545、5150,P均<0001),而首次下床活动时间及住院时间与固定组无明显差异(t=1933、1619,P=0056、0109)。术后12个月,置换组患者髋关节恢复优良率为8077%,明显高于固定组患者的髋关节恢复优良率6154%(χ^(2)=4685,P=0030);置换组患者健康调查量表36(SF-36)中的躯体功能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、生理功能评分均明显高于固定组(t=3062、2868、3028、3440,P=0003、0005、0003、0001)。置换组患者术后不良事件发生率为577%,明显低于固定组患者的术后不良事件发生率2115%(χ^(2)=5283,P=0022)。结论与股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定相比,生物型加长柄关节置换虽会增加老年股骨转子间不稳定骨折患者术中出血量,延长手术时间,但能够提高患者髋关节功能及生活质量,降低不良事件发生风险,临床效果更佳。

PFNA和ALP治疗股骨转子间骨折患者的疗效及对血清SO、DKK-3水平的影响

目的 探究股骨近端防旋型髓内钉(PFNA)和股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板(ALP)治疗股骨转子间骨折患者的疗效及对血清骨硬化蛋白(SO)、Dickkopf-3(DKK-3)水平的影响.方法 选取我院2021年4月1日~2023年3月31日符合条件的78例股骨转子间骨折患者,按照抽签法分为对照组(n=39)和研究组(n=39).对照组患者采用ALP髓外固定治疗,研究组患者采用PFNA髓内固定治疗.评估两组患者的手术相关临床指标、并发症情况以及治疗前后的Harris评分、血清DKK-3与SO水平.结果 研究组患者的手术时间、住院时间、下地负重时间、切口长度明显短于对照组,术中出血量明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组髋内翻、内固定物松动、感染、静脉血栓、压疮、关节脱位等并发症的总发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前两组疼痛、功能、活动度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后研究组疼痛、功能、活动度评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前两组血清DKK-3、SO水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后研究组血清DKK-3、SO水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 相较于ALP髓外固定治疗,PFNA髓内固定治疗在股骨转子间骨折患者中的应用效果更好,可加速患者术后恢复速度,提高患者髋关节功能,降低并发症发生率,并改善患者血清DKK-3、SO水平.

亚洲型股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨亚洲型股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA-Ⅱ)固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的主钉钉尾突出与疗效的关系。方法将217例采用PFNA-Ⅱ固定治疗的老年股骨转子间骨折患者根据术后主钉钉尾是否突出股骨大转子弧线分为突出组(115例)和非突出组(102例)。比较两组不同主钉长度、主钉远端直径、螺旋刀片位置的例数及手术时间、骨折复位质量、骨痂形成时间、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症发生情况。记录突出组钉尾突出股骨大转子距离。采用疼痛VAS评分评价股骨大转子区压痛情况,采用Harris评分评价髋关节功能恢复情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间9~16(13.4±2.1)个月。不同主钉长度、主钉远端直径、螺旋刀片位置的例数及手术时间、骨折复位质量、骨痂形成时间、骨折愈合时间、末次随访时Harris评分两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后6个月突出组髓内钉钉尾突出股骨大转子距离为3.4~19.7(9.5±2.4)mm。疼痛VAS评分、股骨大转子区疼痛率及术后并发症发生率突出组均高于非突出组(P<0.05)。结论采用PFNA-Ⅱ固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折,股骨大转子区的髓内钉突出较常见,会导致疼痛及术后并发症发生率升高,建议对PFNA-Ⅱ进行进一步改良,缩短主钉近端长度,从而获得更满意的临床疗效。

人工股骨头置换术与PFNA固定对老年股骨转子间骨折患者髋关节功能恢复的影响

目的:探讨人工股骨头置换术与近端防旋髓内钉(Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation,PFNA)固定在老年股骨转子间骨折(Intertrochanteric fracture,IFF)中的应用效果。方法:选取2018年1月至2022年12月我院收治的36例老年IFF患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各18例。对照组进行PFNA固定术治疗,观察组进行人工股骨头置换术治疗。分析比较两组的手术情况、髋关节功能、日常生活能力和平衡功能及并发症。结果:观察组手术时间较对照组长,术中出血量较对照组多,下床活动时间、术后住院时间较对照组短,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。观察组术后Harris评分中关节功能、畸形、疼痛程度、关节活动度及总分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后Barthel量表(Barthel index,BI)评分、Berg平衡量表(Berg balance scale,BBS)评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组并发症相比无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:人工股骨头置换术治疗老年IFF效果更佳,可缩短术后下床活动时间,加快患者髋关节功能恢复,提高BI评分及BBS评分,安全可靠。

鞘内注射舒芬太尼与芬太尼对高龄股骨粗隆骨折PFNA内固定术患者的镇痛效果及安全性对比

目的:对比鞘内注射舒芬太尼与芬太尼对高龄股骨粗隆骨折近端股骨钉抗旋(PFNA)内固定术患者的镇痛效果及安全性对比。方法:选取2019年1月—2022年12月于常熟市第五人民医院接受股骨粗隆骨折PFNA内固定术的108例高龄患者作为研究对象,根据随机数表法将患者分为研究组54例与常规组54例。研究组采用鞘内注射舒芬太尼,常规组采用鞘内注射芬太尼。比较两组手术时间、镇痛时间、术后6 h、12 h视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分及不良反应发生情况。结果:两组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组镇痛时间长于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组术后6 h、12 h VAS评分低于常规组,且两组术后12 h VAS评分低于术后6 h,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组不良反应发生率低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相比芬太尼,舒芬太尼在高龄股骨粗隆骨折PFNA内固定术患者中的镇痛作用显著,能缓解术后疼痛,还可降低不良反应发生率。

闭合复位InterTan髓内钉固定治疗股骨颈伴转子间骨折

2020年4月~2022年6月,巫山县人民医院创伤骨科采用闭合复位InterTan髓内钉固定治疗12例股骨颈伴转子间骨折患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组12例,男9例,女3例,年龄42~76岁。均为新鲜闭合股骨颈伴转子间骨折。左侧5例,右侧7例。

老年营养不良患者全身麻醉下股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定术中低体温因素分析

目的分析全身麻醉下行股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)内固定术的老年营养不良患者术中低体温的发生情况及其危险因素。方法选取全身麻醉下行PFNA内固定术的老年患者139例,术前1 d的营养状况评分为0~11分。对可能导致患者发生术中低体温的相关因素行单因素及多因素Logistic二元回归分析。结果术前营养评分0~11分的139例老年患者中,有79例(56.83%)发生了术中低体温。单因素及多因素Logistic二元回归分析结果提示:年龄≥75岁、MNA-SF营养评分0~7分、BMI<18.5 kg/m2、全身麻醉时间≥2 h、术中冲洗液量≥1000 mL及术中补液量≥1000 mL是导致老年患者发生术中低体温的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),而术中使用加温毯保温是避免发生术中低体温的保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。结论术前营养不良的老年患者全身麻醉下行PFNA内固定术中低体温发生率较高,营养状况较差的患者更容易发生术中低体温,患者年龄较大、营养状况较差、BMI较低、全身麻醉时间较长、术中冲洗液量及补液量较多容易导致术中低体温的发生,而使用加温毯可以降低术中低体温的发生率。

亚洲型股骨近端抗旋髓内钉治疗亚洲人群转子间骨折髓内钉突出程度的比较

背景:因亚洲型股骨近端抗旋髓内钉(PFNA-Ⅱ)设计与亚洲人群的不匹配,治疗股骨转子间骨折时可能会出现股骨转子近端的髓内钉突出,突出长度对手术疗效的影响需要进一步探讨。目的:定量测量PFNA-Ⅱ内固定后髓内钉股骨转子近端突出长度,分析突出长度对PFNA-Ⅱ治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效是否存在影响。方法:选择68例因股骨转子间骨折在安徽医科大学第一附属医院行PFNA-Ⅱ内固定治疗的患者,于术后6个月内在髋关节X射线前后位片上定量测量股骨大转子近端髓内钉外突值,按照是否存在股骨大转子近端髓内钉突出分为突出组与非突出组。采集患者的性别、身高、骨折类型、使用的髓内钉长度、直径、螺旋刀片在股骨颈的位置及大转子近端髓内钉突出长度等数据,术后6个月时采用髋关节Harris评分及疼痛目测类比评分判断术后疗效,观察PFNA-Ⅱ大转子近端突出对手术疗效是否存在影响。结果与结论:①突出组及非突出组患者性别特征存在明显差异(P=0.001);②按AO/OTA分类,两组患者的骨折类型无明显差异(P=0.289);③两组患者使用的髓内钉直径、长度特征均无明显差异(P=0.067,P=1.000);④患者身高与使用的髓内钉长度无明显相关性(P=0.510),但与突出长度有明显相关性(P=0.034);螺旋刀片位置与突出长度无明显相关性(P=0.968);⑤术后6个月时两组患者髋关节Harris评分差异无显著性意义(P=0.373),但突出组疼痛目测类比评分明显高于非突出组,差异有显著性意义(P=0.000);⑥结果提示PFNA-Ⅱ在治疗亚洲人股骨转子间骨折时,大转子近端经常发生髓内钉突出;当髓内钉伸入大转子近端软组织时,患者主诉大转子近端疼痛,目测类比评分明显高于非突出组;为了更好地适应亚洲人群骨骼特点,建议对PFNA-Ⅱ进行改良,进一步缩短近端钉端,以获得更好的股骨转子间骨折固定效果。

股骨转子间骨折行髓内钉治疗后营养风险预测模型的建立

背景:股骨转子间骨折患者行近端防旋髓内钉内固定手术期间可能存在营养风险,根据营养评估工具建立临床预测模型。目的:建立股骨转子间骨折行股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定术后患者营养风险预测模型的列线图,并评价模型的准确性。方法:回顾性选择2018年12月至2022年7月于包头医学院第二附属医院骨一科行股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定治疗且符合标准的股骨转子间骨折患者为研究对象。运用营养风险筛查2002量表评估患者的营养风险状况。采用Logistic回归法建立模型,模型的区分度、校准度和临床适用度分别使用受试者工作特征曲线、Calibration plot校准曲线、Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验进行评价。使用Nomogram图将模型可视化。结果与结论:①根据纳入标准共纳入76例患者,经营养风险筛查2002量表评估后营养风险的发生率为80%;②Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥77岁、体质量指数<22.80 kg/m^(2)、上臂围<25.01 cm、血红蛋白<98.51 g/L、白蛋白<31.61 g/L、前白蛋白<138.56 g/L是术后患者营养风险发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05);③该模型中的受试者工作特征曲线面积为0.919(95%CI:0.843-0.994);④拟合优度检验结果显示营养风险预测价值较高;⑤提示所构建的营养风险评估模型具有较好的区分度和校准度,具备一定的预测能力,可作为股骨转子间骨折患者行股骨近端防旋髓内钉内固定术后营养风险评估的参考工具。