69个东北杏(Prunus mandshurica)无性系果实表型多样性及优良无性系筛选

【目的】深入探寻东北杏种质资源遗传多样性,筛选关键综合评价指标,提升育种效率,发掘优良东北杏无性系并高效利用。【方法】采用多样性分析、聚类分析、相关性分析和主成分分析,对69个东北杏无性系的45个果实表型性状(23个质量性状和22个数量性状)进行研究。【结果】41个表型性状变异系数大于0.1,数量性状的平均Shannon-wiener多样性指数(1.91)高于质量性状(0.62),数量性状的多样性较质量性状更丰富。聚类分析将69个东北杏无性系分为3类,A类适用于薄壳、出仁率高的品种类群;B类可用于选育高产、大仁型品种,属优良仁用杏品种类群;C类可作为高出核率和出仁率的重要育种材料。果肉薄、果小的无性系出核率更高;核壳薄、单核质量小的无性系出仁率更高;单核质量大的无性系产核量更高。5个主成分的累计贡献率达84.42%,能够反映22个数量性状的基本信息。结合相关性分析和主成分分析,22个数量性状可简化为果肉厚度、果纵径、单果质量、单核质量、单仁质量、出核率、出仁率、产核量共8个关键评价指标,筛选出10个果实经济性状表现优异的无性系。【结论】东北杏无性系的果实性状表现出丰富变异,经多指标综合评价筛选出的803、777、783、720、721、725、719、711、731和784号无性系可用于东北杏良种选育及开发利用。

Selection of Suitable Area and Analysis of Adaptability Difference of Prunus humilis

This paper delves into and assesses the differences in biological traits and fruit nutritional composition of 3 varieties of Prunus humilis introduced from 2 different regions.Results showed that(i)the contents of protein,total sugar,and calcium of No.5 variety were higher those of the other 2 varieties,which was recognized as the most suitable variety for fresh fruit;(ii)the comparison of leaf areas index and fruit shape index of 3 varieties shows that the fruit shape index and individual fruit weight of the introduced varieties were higher than those of the control,the diameter of individual fruit of the introduced varieties higher than that of the control indicated that they had a higher fruit hardness,more dry matter accumulation and better fruit quality,and that the introduction region was more suitable for scale-up of P.humilis;(iii)there was a positive correlation with the number of fruiting branches and there was a significant negative correlation with individual fruit weight,while the leaf area had a significant negative correlation with the number of fruiting branches.The introduced varieties can develop normally in the 2 testing areas,notably,No.5 variety performed better than No.4 and No.6.Improving management is the prerequisite for maintaining proper number of fruiting branches and high yield.

Supervised Learning Method: Critical Analysis and Updating of Cubing Rate Formulas for Determining Bark Masses of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae) in Cameroon

The stem barks of Prunus africana are used in the treatment of the benign prostate. Cameroon is one of the important exporters of the barks. Despite the important measures adopted in Cameroon for sustaining its harvesting, some many chalenges still remain. The objective of this work is to refine the forest management parameters in relation to P. africana in the regions of Adamaoua and the South-West by developing a volume rate which makes it possible to estimate the production for a new stem. The work took place in two phases: in the South-West in 2010 and in Adamaoua in 2011. Data collection used the semi-direct method, while the cubing equation was deduced by the multiple linear regression method. Two models for volume estimation and three models for mass prediction were developed. The predictive parameters retained are diameter, height of the bole and thickness of the bark. Results show that the average mass of the dry bark for a given P. africana tree species is 27.55 ± 14.44 kg and this varies according to the site. The strong adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) observed illustrates the reliability of the proposed models. These models provide a reliable tool that can be adopted as a standard in Cameroon for P. africana.

Protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit ethanolic extract on alcoholic liver injury in mice

Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption,which can lead to chronic liver disease death.Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter,cold,has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification,promoting blood and detumescence.Solanum Nigrum Linn fruit contains a variety of antioxidant enzymes,can remove the body produced by aerobic metabolism harmful substances.In this paper,a model of alcohol-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice was established to evaluate the protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit(SNGF)ethanolic extract on alcohol-induced liver injury.H&E staining and oil red O(ORO)staining showed that hepatic lobules were clearly demarcated,vacuoles were significantly reduced and lipid droplets were reduced in SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group.Serum levels of TC,TG,LDH,TBA,AKP,ALT and AST were decreased in the SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group,and SNGF ethanolic extract could clear reactive oxygen species(ROS)in time.MDA content was signifi cantly decreased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment,while superoxide dismutase(SOD)and GSH-Px contents were increased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment.These results suggest that SNGF ethanolic extract has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury.

稠李(Prunus padus Linn.)挥发油化学组成分析

采用GC—MS联机测定的分析方法 ,分析了稠李 (臭李子 )PrunuspadusLinn .挥发油的化学组成 ,共分离出了三个组分 ,其主要成分为苯甲醛 ,占挥发油总含量的 88.4%。

Molecular phylogeny and inflorescence evolution of Prunus(Rosaceae)based on RAD-seq and genome skimming analyses

Prunus is an economically important genus widely distributed in the temperate Northern Hemisphere.Previous studies on the genus using a variety of loci yielded conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses.Here,we generated nuclear reduced representation sequencing data and plastid genomes for 36 Prunus individuals and two outgroups.Both nuclear and plastome data recovered a well-resolved phylogeny.The species were divided into three main clades corresponding to their inflorescence types,-the racemose group,the solitary-flower group and the corymbose group-with the latter two sister to one another.Prunus was inferred to have diversified initially in the Late Cretaceous around 67.32 million years ago.The diversification of the three major clades began between the Paleocene and Miocene,suggesting that paleoclimatic events were an important driving force for Prunus diversification.Ancestral state reconstructions revealed that the most recent common ancestor of Prunus had racemose inflorescences,and the solitary-flower and corymb inflorescence types were derived by reduction of flower number and suppression of the rachis,respectively.We also tested the hybrid origin hypothesis of the racemose group proposed in previous studies.Prunus has undergone extensive hybridization events,although it is difficult to identify conclusively specific instances of hybridization when using SNP data,especially deep in the phylogeny.Our study provides well-resolved nuclear and plastid phylogenies of Prunus,reveals substantial cytonuclear discord at shallow scales,and sheds new light on inflorescence evolution in this economically important lineage.

Genome of tetraploid sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) ‘Montmorency’ identifies three distinct ancestral Prunus genomes

Sour cherry(Prunus cerasus L.)is a valuable fruit crop in the Rosaceae family and a hybrid between progenitors closely related to extant Prunus fruticosa(ground cherry)and Prunus avium(sweet cherry).Here we report a chromosome-scale genome assembly for sour cherry cultivar Montmorency,the predominant cultivar grown in the USA.We also generated a draft assembly of P.fruticosa to use alongside a published P.avium sequence for syntelog-based subgenome assignments for‘Montmorency’and provide compelling evidence P.fruticosa is also an allotetraploid.Using hierarchal k-mer clustering and phylogenomics,we show‘Montmorency’is trigenomic,containing two distinct subgenomes inherited from a P.fruticosa-like ancestor(A and A’)and two copies of the same subgenome inherited from a P.avium-like ancestor(BB).The genome composition of‘Montmorency’is AA’BB and little-to-no recombination has occurred between progenitor subgenomes(A/A’and B).In Prunus,two known classes of genes are important to breeding strategies:the self-incompatibility loci(S-alleles),which determine compatible crosses,successful fertilization,and fruit set,and the Dormancy Associated MADS-box genes(DAMs),which strongly affect dormancy transitions and flowering time.The S-alleles and DAMs in‘Montmorency’and P.fruticosa were manually annotated and support subgenome assignments.Lastly,the hybridization event‘Montmorency’is descended from was estimated to have occurred less than 1.61 million years ago,making sour cherry a relatively recent allotetraploid.The‘Montmorency’genome highlights the evolutionary complexity of the genus Prunus and will inform future breeding strategies for sour cherry,comparative genomics in the Rosaceae,and questions regarding neopolyploidy.

Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Prunus pusilliflora provides novel insights into genome evolution, disease resistance, and dormancy release in Cerasus L.

Prunus pusilliflora is a wild cherry germplasm resource distributed mainly in Southwest China.Despite its ornamental and economic value,a high-quality assembled P.pusilliflora genome is unavailable,hindering our understanding of its genetic background,population diversity,and evolutionary processes.Here,we de novo assembled a chromosome-scale P.pusilliflora genome using Oxford Nanopore,Illumina,and chromosome conformation capture sequencing.The assembled genome size was 309.62 Mb,with 76 scaffolds anchored to eight pseudochromosomes.We predicted 33035 protein-coding genes,functionally annotated 98.27%of them,and identified repetitive sequences covering 49.08%of the genome.We found that P.pusilliflora is closely related to Prunus serrulata and Prunus yedoensis,having diverged from them∼41.8 million years ago.A comparative genomic analysis revealed that P.pusilliflora has 643 expanded and 1128 contracted gene families.Furthermore,we found that P.pusilliflora is more resistant to Colletotrichum viniferum,Phytophthora capsici,and Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato(Pst)DC3000 infections than cultivated Prunus avium.P.pusilliflora also has considerably more nucleotide-binding site-type resistance gene analogs than P.avium,which explains its stronger disease resistance.The cytochrome P450 and WRKY families of 263 and 61 proteins were divided into 42 and 8 subfamilies respectively in P.pusilliflora.Furthermore,81 MADS-box genes were identified in P.pusilliflora,accompanying expansions of the SVP and AGL15 subfamilies and loss of the TM3 subfamily.Our assembly of a high-quality P.pusilliflora genome will be valuable for further research on cherries and molecular breeding.

Post Debarking Response of Prunus africana (Hook. F) Kalkman (Rosaceae) Trees at Two Exploitation Sites in North Kivu (Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo)

Prunus africana is a species of great economic, medicinal and ecological importance. Due to its multiple uses, unsustainable exploitation methods and low regeneration capacity in tropical rainforests, this species is threatened with extinction. Present and exploited in the eastern part of DR Congo, knowledge of the dynamics of post-bark regeneration of Prunus africana remains fragmentary and poorly known. In North Kivu province, this species thrives in both afromontane forest and lowland tropical rainforest habitats. In order to contribute to the rational and sustainable exploitation of Prunus africana in this province, this paper was carried out with the objective of contributing to the knowledge of the dynamics of the regeneration of post-harvest bark of Prunus africana in two exploitation sites (low and high altitude). To achieve this objective, the inventory was conducted on 16 plots of 25 hectares each, with 8 plots per site. Dendrometric parameters (diameter at breast height (DBH), total tree height) and tree growth and regeneration parameters, i.e., stem bark thickness of the unharvested and harvested portions of the trees (bark reconstitution) were measured. A total of 716 barked stems of Prunus africana in 2016 in 25 hectares constituted the study sample. Results show that sites do not influence diameter at breast height of P. africana trees (p > 0.05) or total tree height. The bark diameter of harvested trees and the bark diameter of unharvested trees varied significantly by site (p 0.05). In contrast, the annual growth rate of bark differed with altitude;the highest rate was observed in trees growing at high altitude (2.97 ± 0.9 mm/yr) compared to 2.23 ± 0.74 mm/yr at low altitude. In view of these results, this study indicates that a half-rotation of 7 years could allow an effective reconstitution of the bark of Prunus africana at the second passage on the remaining side of the same stem.

Ethanol extract of Annona muricata Linn fruit perform antidiabetic effect on type 2 diabetic mice through α-glucosidase inhibition

Objective:To explore the anti-diabetic effects and its underlying mechanism of Annona muricata Linn fruit ethanol extract(AME).Methods:Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic(T2DM)mouse model was constructed.Those diabetic mice were randomly grouped and given 50 mg/kg acarbose or AME(200 mg/kg,100 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg)for four weeks.The body weight,postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured during the administration.After the administration,a glucose tolerance test was performed,and the levels of triglycerides,cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in mice were detected by biochemical test kits.The inhibitory activity of AME onα-glucosidase in vivo and in vitro was determined by enzyme inhibition tests.Results:AME significantly reduced weight gain,postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein levels in T2DM mice;enhanced glucose tolerance and pancreaticβ-cell function of T2DM mice;inhibitedα-glucosidase activity in mouse intestine in an noncompetitive manner.Conclusion:AME may noncompetitive inhibitα-glucosidase activity and reduce postprandial glucose intake to achieve a therapeutic and regulatory effect on type 2 diabetes.

6个欧李品种对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价

为了解6个欧李品种在宁夏苗期的抗旱性差异,为欧李品种引进及耐旱品种筛选和栽培提供科学依据,试验采用自然干旱胁迫处理15、30 d后测定株高,以正常浇水为对照;采用PEG-6000溶液模拟极度干旱环境,测定相同干旱胁迫下农大5号、农大7号、京欧1号、农大4号、宁欧2号、农大6号6个欧李品种幼苗叶片相对含水量、叶绿素SPAD值及其他生理指标,以清水为对照。结果表明,在自然干旱条件下,欧李品种的株高相比正常浇水的对照降幅明显。PEG-6000干旱胁迫下,不同欧李品种与清水对照相比,可溶性蛋白含量、叶片相对含水量、叶片叶绿素SPAD值、SOD活性均呈现下降趋势;而丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、POD活性均呈现上升趋势。利用欧李抗旱指标的隶属函数值综合评价得出,欧李品种抗旱性由强到弱排序为农大5号、农大7号、京欧1号、农大4号、宁欧2号、农大6号。农大5号和农大7号的抗旱能力较强,适应性较好,可作为宁夏地区欧李的主要推广品种。

基于模糊数学的木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料制备

木姜叶柯与玫瑰茄的味觉特性限制了两种原料在食品工业中的广泛使用.为拓展木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄的应用,以木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄为主要原料,采用浸提法制备木姜叶柯及玫瑰茄浸提液,通过对饮料气味、色泽、组织状态和滋味进行权重分析,建立了木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料模糊数学感官评价方法;利用单因素试验和正交试验结合模糊数学感官评价法,确定了木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料的最佳配方,并对最佳产品的质量指标(可溶性固形物含量、总酸及总多酚质量浓度、澄清度)进行了测定.结果表明:木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料的最佳配方为木姜叶柯浸提液添加量3%,玫瑰茄浸提液添加量4%,柠檬酸添加量0.03%,复配甜味剂(甜度200)添加量0.03%.通过该配方制得的饮料质地均匀透亮、颜色呈玫红色、酸甜适宜,具有木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄特有的香味,其理化指标测定结果为:可溶性固形物含量0.16%±0.01%,总多酚质量浓度107.42±1.90 mg/L,总酸质量浓度0.30±0.01 g/L,澄清度73.62%±1.35%.

重瓣榆叶梅全叶绿体基因组遗传特征分析

【目的】对重瓣榆叶梅Prunus triloba‘Multiplex’全叶绿体基因组序列进行测序,探究其系统发育位置并分析其叶绿体基因组成特点。【方法】以重瓣榆叶梅叶片为材料,采用2×CTAB法提取叶绿体DNA,利用Illumina NovaSeq平台进行叶绿体基因组的测序,组装、注释并分析其叶绿体基因组遗传特征。联合美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)数据库数据,基于全叶绿体基因组序列构建了重瓣榆叶梅系统进化关系。【结果】重瓣榆叶梅叶绿体基因组全长为157827 bp,NCBI登录号MT937181,其结构为经典的四分体结构,由1个大单拷贝区域(LSC),1个小单拷贝区域(SSC)及反向重复区域(IRa/IRb)构成,其序列长度分别为86032、19023、26386 bp。GC和AT的总占比分别为36.80%和63.20%。重瓣榆叶梅的完整叶绿体基因组序列注释到132个基因,包括tRNA基因、编码蛋白基因、rRNA基因,分别为37、87、8个。重瓣榆叶梅叶绿体基因组共编码26678个密码子和236个符合条件的SSR位点。SSR位点中A/T碱基占优势,碱基偏好性十分明显。【结论】系统进化树分析表明,重瓣榆叶梅和榆叶梅P.triloba聚合成一分支结构,与同属植物长柄扁桃P.pedunculata亲缘关系较近。

液相色谱-质谱结合网络药理学及实验验证新疆樱桃李花色苷改善动脉粥样硬化的作用机制

目的:研究新疆樱桃李花色苷(XJP-ACY)抗动脉粥样硬化(AS)作用的活性成分及作用机制。方法:通过液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)鉴定的新疆樱桃李花色苷主要成分,从XJP-ACY主要成分和AS角度,应用网络药理学方法,筛选其潜在活性成分潜在靶点,构建“成分-疾病-靶点”网络,并预测XJP-ACY抗AS作用信号通路。观察XJP-ACY对氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导EA.hy926内皮细胞损伤模型作用,分析内皮细胞活力、测定抗氧化酶活力,细胞凋亡以及内皮细胞黏附等的影响。蛋白质印迹检测相关蛋白表达,初步验证网络药理学的预测结果。结果:从新疆樱桃李花色苷中鉴定成分4个,预测得到其潜在抗AS作用靶点21个;聚类分析得到2个基因簇和2个核心基因,核心基因为FGF2、ADRA2C。基因本体(GO)分析结果表明筛选得到的靶点主要涉及炎症反应、MAPK的正调控等生物过程。京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析得到28条信号通路,涉及PI3K-AKT信号通路、糖尿病并发症中的AGE-RAGE信号通路、C型凝集素受体信号通路等相关通路。细胞实验表明,ox-LDL诱导EA.hy926建立内皮细胞损伤模型:100μmol/L ox-LDL作用24 h,为适合本研究的最优条件。XJP-ACY可提高ox-LDL诱导的EA.hy926细胞存活率,增加一氧化氮(NO)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,降低乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和内皮素-1(ET-1)表达水平,降低细胞活性氧(ROS)水平,抑制细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)的表达,减少炎症介质分泌;XJP-ACY可抑制ox-LDL诱导的EA.hy926细胞凋亡,其机制与其提高B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)蛋白表达相关。结论:本研究初步阐释XJP-ACY治疗AS多成分、多靶点、多途径的作用特点在于参与抑制炎症反应、促进细胞凋亡。

飞龙掌血茎和根不同炮制品对小鼠的急性毒性试验

旨在了解飞龙掌血[Toddalia asiatica(Linn)Lam.]茎和根不同炮制对小鼠急性毒性作用。130只KM小鼠适应性喂养3 d后,随机分为13组,包括溶媒组和12个药物试验剂量组(1个药材茎生品组和5个茎炮制组,1个根生品组和5个根炮制组,其中5种药材炮制品包括水煮制品、水洗制品、水蒸制品、酒蒸制品和酒炙制品)。溶媒组小鼠按40 mL/kg给予纯净水灌胃,给药3次,间隔4~5 h;茎各炮制品试验组小鼠按40 mL/kg灌胃,给药3次,间隔4~5 h;根各炮制品试验组小鼠按30 mL/kg灌胃,给药2次,间隔4~5 h,记录给药后各组小鼠14 d的主要临床症状、体重变化,并统计死亡率。结果表明,飞龙掌血及各炮制品可对小鼠产生急性毒性作用,临床中毒症状有自主活动减少、安静怠动、俯卧和翻正反射消失。炮制品组与溶媒组比较,在14 d内茎和根各炮制品均可致小鼠体重明显降低,且死亡率显著高于溶媒组(P<0.05或P<0.01);而与生品组比较,茎和根的5种炮制品在14 d内对小鼠体重的影响不显著,可有效降低小鼠的死亡率,其中以水煮法效果最佳。水煮、水洗、水蒸、酒蒸、酒炙炮制方法可以减小飞龙掌血茎和根(生品)对小鼠的毒性作用,但对小鼠体脂影响不显著。

不同套袋处理对桃果实品质的影响

目的研究不同套袋处理条件下桃果实品质的变化。方法以‘红花鹰嘴桃’为试验材料,采用白色单层袋(T1)、黄色单层袋(T2)、外黄内黑双层袋(T3)、外黄内黑双层袋采前7 d解袋(T4)进行处理,在成熟期测定果实外观色泽、煤污病的发病指数、果实可溶性糖(soluble sugar contents,SSC)含量等内在品质的变化。结果桃果皮煤污病的发病指数T3<T4<T2<T1<对照组。与对照组相比,T1、T2处理果皮色泽红色因子a*(a*<0)下降、色泽黄色因子b*升高;T3、T4处理色泽a*(a*>0)、色差综合指标(comprehensive color difference index,CCI)升高,果皮着红色。T2、T3处理果实维生素C(<0.90 mg/g)、SSC(<84.00 mg/g)、可溶性固形物(soluble solids content,TSS,<11.30%)、固酸比(solid-acid ratio,AST,<25)下降,可滴定酸含量(titratable acid content,TAC,0.45%~0.47%)升高;T1处理这些指标的变化与T2、T3相反,但TAC差异不显著。与T3处理相比,T4处理果实SSC(110.44 mg/g)、TSS(12.19%)含量升高,TAC(0.34%)含量下降,AST(35.40)提高1.4倍。基于主成分分析计算不同套袋处理桃果实品质综合得分:T4>对照组>T1>T3>T2。结论外黄内黑双层袋适宜作为‘红花鹰嘴桃’的套袋材料,采前7 d摘袋有利于果实综合品质提升。

海岸桐茎和果实的化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术对海岸桐(Guettarda speciosa Linn.)茎和果实的化学成分进行分析。结果显示:海岸桐茎中有35个化合物,包括三萜类12个、环烯醚萜类7个、酚酸及其苷类12个、强心苷类2个、黄酮类1个、苦木素类1个。海岸桐果实中有40个化合物,包括三萜类10个、环烯醚萜类8个、酚酸及其苷类8个、黄酮类8个、甾体类3个、脂肪酸类2个、二萜类1个。海岸桐茎和果实中共有成分18个,包括三萜类7个、环烯醚萜类6个、酚酸类及其苷类4个、黄酮类1个。综上所述,海岸桐茎中富含鞣质类酚酸成分,生态学意义较强;果实含有环烯醚萜类等活性物质,开发利用价值较高。

宁南山区不同植被类型土壤水分变化特征

以宁夏南部山区山杏林、沙棘林、山杏×沙棘混交林3种典型植被为试材,采用野外定位监测法,对3种植被0~100 cm不同深度土壤水分进行连续1年定位观测,研究了不同植被类型土壤水分时间变化和垂直变化规律,以期了解宁南山区主要植被类型的土壤水分状况及耗水特性。结果表明:不同植被类型土壤储水量在年内变化趋势整体呈“M”型,土壤储水量按照从大到小的排序为山杏林(158.35 mm)>山杏×沙棘混交林(139.72 mm)>沙棘林(123.24 mm)。不同植被类型日平均土壤含水量的变化动态相似,其变化趋势与降雨量密切相关,9月山杏林、沙棘林、山杏×沙棘混交林地的土壤含水量分别是8月的1.56、1.41、1.49倍;3种植被类型平均土壤含水量最大值均在10月,最小值均在8月。在垂直方向上,3种植被土壤水分的变化有一定的差异性,随着土层深度的增加,沙棘林土壤含水量呈先增加后降低的趋势,山杏林、山杏×沙棘混交林土壤含水量呈波形变化趋势;3种植被类型土壤水分的变异系数总体呈下降趋势,沙棘林各土层变异系数的均值最大,为39.36%。综上,山杏林土壤水分状况最好,其次是山杏×沙棘林,为该区域植被恢复与可持续管理提供重要参考依据。

不同施肥处理对桃容器苗生长及SPAD的影响

[目的]研究不同肥料种类及施肥量对桃容器苗生长及叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)的影响,为快速培育出优质桃苗木而筛选出最适合的施肥方法。[方法]采用13种不同施肥处理,研究不同时期不同处理下桃容器苗株高、地径、冠幅、分枝数量、一年生枝条长度等生长指标及SPAD的变化。[结果]在植物生长季施用平衡型复合肥料比磷钾型腐殖酸肥料更适合植株生长;平衡型复合肥与低浓度EM菌剂组合施用比复合肥单独施用,更有利于桃容器苗的生长。[结论]生长季施用浓度1∶1000~1∶500的氮、磷、钾平衡型(20∶20∶20)复合肥+浓度1∶200的EM菌剂最有利于桃容器苗的生长及快速成苗。

中国李种质资源不同味觉品质精准评价

【目的】对中国李种质资源进行精准鉴定评价,揭示中国李种质资源的味觉品质遗传的客观规律。【方法】针对不同类型(包括品种来源地、果肉颜色、感官味觉)的50份中国李种质资源,采用电子舌对九种味觉(包括鲜味、咸味、酸味、苦味、涩味、甜味、苦味回味、涩味回味和丰富性)进行了分组比较研究。【结果】不同生态来源地的李品种在味觉特点上存在一定的差异,但整体上仍难以区分细致。与之不同的是,果肉颜色与味觉之间存在一定的关系,不同颜色的果肉在味觉特点上呈现出不同的分布模式。酸描述在鲜味味觉中表现出较高的中位数,甜描述在甜味味觉中表现出较高的中位数。酸甜和甜酸的描述之间相关系数较大。【结论】中国李的味觉特点可以分为酸涩型、咸酸型和鲜甜型,同时筛选出一系列优异味觉表现突出、劣势味觉表现较差的特异种质材料,这些试材及背后的遗传基因将成为我国李育种活动中的“种业芯片”。