将标准化法向约束(normalized normal constraint,NNC)方法用于求解电力系统环境经济发电调度问题,同时考虑发电调度的发电成本和污染气体排放量最小两个优化目标。通过NNC方法将发电调度的多目标优化问题转化为一系列的单目标优化问题...将标准化法向约束(normalized normal constraint,NNC)方法用于求解电力系统环境经济发电调度问题,同时考虑发电调度的发电成本和污染气体排放量最小两个优化目标。通过NNC方法将发电调度的多目标优化问题转化为一系列的单目标优化问题,求解这些单目标问题得到完整、均匀分布的Pareto解集,然后采用伪权向量法从中选择出满意的折中解。结合NNC方法粗粒度空间上可并行的计算优势,将其采用多核并行计算技术加以实现,以提高其计算效率。对IEEE-30和IEEE-118系统测试,验证该方法的有效性和可行性,采用多核并行计算实现后,可以快速、完整地得到环境经济发电调度多目标优化问题均匀分布的Pareto解集,具有广阔的应用前景。展开更多
Sound generated in a ward can be classified into 1) generated by medical staff, 2) generated by patients and their visitors, and 3) others, such as from in-hospital broadcasting microphones and nurse calls. Among thes...Sound generated in a ward can be classified into 1) generated by medical staff, 2) generated by patients and their visitors, and 3) others, such as from in-hospital broadcasting microphones and nurse calls. Among these sounds, the incidence from medical staff, in particular, is reportedly high. The study objective is to investigate whether sound awareness is effective in regulating the sound environment even in a busy situation, such as in a real clinical setting, and to examine the extent to which sound awareness affects sound level. Nursing students were asked to perform a series of nursing activities in a pseudo-ward, and the changes in the sound level generated during the nursing activities with or without time and sound awareness were examined. Under varying experimental conditions, the sound and time levels associated with the nursing activities were measured in the following order: condition 1, without sound or time awareness;condition 2, with time awareness but without sound awareness;and condition 3, with both sound and time awareness. The time to perform nursing activities was longer with sound awareness. However, when aware of time only, the sound level from nursing activities rose by 2.3 dB, whereas when aware of both time and sound, the sound level dropped by 3.0 dB. With both time and sound awareness, there is a distinct drop in the sound level from nursing activities, such as wagon handling, handling of items (trays, bowls), working at the sink, and opening and closing the microwave oven door. These results suggest that even in a pseudo-clinical setting it is possible to regulate the environmental sound through the environmental sound awareness of the medical staff, resulting in a drop in the sound level generated while performing nursing activities.展开更多
文摘将标准化法向约束(normalized normal constraint,NNC)方法用于求解电力系统环境经济发电调度问题,同时考虑发电调度的发电成本和污染气体排放量最小两个优化目标。通过NNC方法将发电调度的多目标优化问题转化为一系列的单目标优化问题,求解这些单目标问题得到完整、均匀分布的Pareto解集,然后采用伪权向量法从中选择出满意的折中解。结合NNC方法粗粒度空间上可并行的计算优势,将其采用多核并行计算技术加以实现,以提高其计算效率。对IEEE-30和IEEE-118系统测试,验证该方法的有效性和可行性,采用多核并行计算实现后,可以快速、完整地得到环境经济发电调度多目标优化问题均匀分布的Pareto解集,具有广阔的应用前景。
文摘Sound generated in a ward can be classified into 1) generated by medical staff, 2) generated by patients and their visitors, and 3) others, such as from in-hospital broadcasting microphones and nurse calls. Among these sounds, the incidence from medical staff, in particular, is reportedly high. The study objective is to investigate whether sound awareness is effective in regulating the sound environment even in a busy situation, such as in a real clinical setting, and to examine the extent to which sound awareness affects sound level. Nursing students were asked to perform a series of nursing activities in a pseudo-ward, and the changes in the sound level generated during the nursing activities with or without time and sound awareness were examined. Under varying experimental conditions, the sound and time levels associated with the nursing activities were measured in the following order: condition 1, without sound or time awareness;condition 2, with time awareness but without sound awareness;and condition 3, with both sound and time awareness. The time to perform nursing activities was longer with sound awareness. However, when aware of time only, the sound level from nursing activities rose by 2.3 dB, whereas when aware of both time and sound, the sound level dropped by 3.0 dB. With both time and sound awareness, there is a distinct drop in the sound level from nursing activities, such as wagon handling, handling of items (trays, bowls), working at the sink, and opening and closing the microwave oven door. These results suggest that even in a pseudo-clinical setting it is possible to regulate the environmental sound through the environmental sound awareness of the medical staff, resulting in a drop in the sound level generated while performing nursing activities.
