Predictor−corrector inverse design scheme for property−composition prediction of amorphous alloys

In order to develop a generic framework capable of designing novel amorphous alloys with selected target properties,a predictor−corrector inverse design scheme(PCIDS)consisting of a predictor module and a corrector module was presented.A high-precision forward prediction model based on deep neural networks was developed to implement these two parts.Of utmost importance,domain knowledge-guided inverse design networks(DKIDNs)and regular inverse design networks(RIDNs)were also developed.The forward prediction model possesses a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of 0.990 for the shear modulus and 0.986 for the bulk modulus on the testing set.Furthermore,the DKIDNs model exhibits superior performance compared to the RIDNs model.It is finally demonstrated that PCIDS can efficiently predict amorphous alloy compositions with the required target properties.

Characterizations of m-weak group inverses

To characterize m-weak group inverses,several algebraic methods are used,such as the use of idempotents,one-side principal ideals,and units.Consider an element a within a unitary ring that possesses Drazin invertibility and an involution.This paper begins by outlining the conditions necessary for the existence of the m-weak group inverse of a.Moreover,it explores the criteria under which a can be considered pseudo core invertible and weak group invertible.In the context of a weak proper*-ring,it is proved that a is weak group invertible if,and only if,a D can serve as the weak group inverse of au,where u represents a specially invertible element closely associated with a D.The paper also introduces a counterexample to illustrate that a D cannot universally serve as the pseudo core inverse of another element.This distinction underscores the nuanced differences between pseudo core inverses and weak group inverses.Ultimately,the discussion expands to include the commuting properties of weak group inverses,extending these considerations to m-weak group inverses.Several new conditions on commuting properties of generalized inverses are given.These results show that pseudo core inverses,weak group inverses,and m-weak group inverses are not only closely linked but also have significant differences that set them apart.

COVID-19 exacerbates psoriasis progression through inducing IFN-αexpression

As a global public health issue that can cause systemic diseases,COVID-19 inflicts various harms on patients and impacts those with comorbidities.Psoriasis is primarily driven by a subset of T helper cells and the cytokines[1],and microbial infection is a predisposing factor in up to 45%of patients[2].Infection with SARS-CoV-2 may trigger the aggravation of psoriasis.Thus,we conducted a survey to explore the proportion of psoriasis patients who experienced exacerbation and relapse after SARS-CoV-2 infection and also performed a preliminary investigation into the mechanisms involved.One hundred and twenty-four psoriasis patients(79 males and 45 females)who contracted COVID-19 were followed up and provided detailed information.

Cytokine release syndrome triggered by programmed death 1 blockade(sintilimab)therapy in a psoriasis patient:A case report

BACKGROUND In recent years,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have demonstrated remarkable efficacy across diverse malignancies.Notably,in patients with advanced gastric cancer,the use of programmed death 1(PD-1)blockade has significantly prolonged overall survival,marking a pivotal advancement comparable to the impact of Herceptin over the past two decades.While the therapeutic benefits of ICIs are evident,the increasing use of immunotherapy has led to an increase in immune-related adverse events.CASE SUMMARY This article presents the case of a patient with advanced gastric cancer and chronic plaque psoriasis.Following sintilimab therapy,the patient developed severe rashes accompanied by cytokine release syndrome(CRS).Fortunately,effective management was achieved through the administration of glucocorticoid,tocilizumab,and acitretin,which resulted in favorable outcomes.CONCLUSION Glucocorticoid and tocilizumab therapy was effective in managing CRS after PD-1 blockade therapy for gastric cancer in a patient with chronic plaque psoriasis.

Apigenin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in C57BL/6J mice by inactivating STAT3 and NF-κB

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by patches on the skin.It is caused by malfunction of immune cells and keratinocytes with inflammation as one of its key features.Apigenin(API)is a natural flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.Therefore,we speculated that API can ameliorate psoriasis,and determined its effect on the development of psoriasis by using imiquimod(IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model.Our results showed that API attenuated IMQ-induced phenotypic changes,such as erythema,scaling and epidermal thickening,and improved splenic hyperplasia.Abnormal differentiation of immune cells was restored in API-treated mice.Mechanistically,we revealed that API is a key regulator of signal transducer activator of transcription 3(STAT3).API regulated immune responses by reducing interleukin-23(IL-23)/STAT3/IL-17A axis.Moreover,it suppressed IMQ-caused cell hyperproliferation by inactivating STAT3 through regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway.Furthermore,API reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines through inactivation of NF-κB.Taken together,our study demonstrates that API can ameliorate psoriasis and may be considered as a strategy for psoriasis treatment.

Inverse design of mechanical metamaterial achieving a prescribedconstitutive curve

Besides exhibiting excellent capabilities such as energy absorption,phase-transforming metamaterials offer a vast design space for achieving nonlinear constitutive relations.This is facilitated by switching between different patterns under deformation.However,the related inverse design problem is quite challenging,due to the lack of appropriate mathematical formulation and the convergence issue in the post-buckling analysis of intermediate designs.In this work,periodic unit cells are explicitly described by the moving morphable voids method and effectively analyzed by eliminating the degrees of freedom in void regions.Furthermore,by exploring the Pareto frontiers between error and cost,an inverse design formulation is proposed for unit cells.This formulation aims to achieve a prescribed constitutive curve and is validated through numerical examples and experimental results.The design approach presented here can be extended to the inverse design of other types of mechanical metamaterials with prescribed nonlinear effective properties.

OptoGPT: A foundation model for inverse design in optical multilayer thin film structures

Optical multilayer thin film structures have been widely used in numerous photonic applications.However,existing inverse design methods have many drawbacks because they either fail to quickly adapt to different design targets,or are difficult to suit for different types of structures,e.g.,designing for different materials at each layer.These methods also cannot accommodate versatile design situations under different angles and polarizations.In addition,how to benefit practical fabrications and manufacturing has not been extensively considered yet.In this work,we introduce OptoGPT(Opto Generative Pretrained Transformer),a decoder-only transformer,to solve all these drawbacks and issues simultaneously.

Uncertainty quantification of inverse analysis for geomaterials using probabilistic programming

Uncertainty is an essentially challenging for safe construction and long-term stability of geotechnical engineering.The inverse analysis is commonly utilized to determine the physico-mechanical parameters.However,conventional inverse analysis cannot deal with uncertainty in geotechnical and geological systems.In this study,a framework was developed to evaluate and quantify uncertainty in inverse analysis based on the reduced-order model(ROM)and probabilistic programming.The ROM was utilized to capture the mechanical and deformation properties of surrounding rock mass in geomechanical problems.Probabilistic programming was employed to evaluate uncertainty during construction in geotechnical engineering.A circular tunnel was then used to illustrate the proposed framework using analytical and numerical solution.The results show that the geomechanical parameters and associated uncertainty can be properly obtained and the proposed framework can capture the mechanical behaviors under uncertainty.Then,a slope case was employed to demonstrate the performance of the developed framework.The results prove that the proposed framework provides a scientific,feasible,and effective tool to characterize the properties and physical mechanism of geomaterials under uncertainty in geotechnical engineering problems.

An inverse analysis of fluid flow through granular media using differentiable lattice Boltzmann method

This study presents a method for the inverse analysis of fluid flow problems.The focus is put on accurately determining boundary conditions and characterizing the physical properties of granular media,such as permeability,and fluid components,like viscosity.The primary aim is to deduce either constant pressure head or pressure profiles,given the known velocity field at a steady-state flow through a conduit containing obstacles,including walls,spheres,and grains.The lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)combined with automatic differentiation(AD)(AD-LBM)is employed,with the help of the GPU-capable Taichi programming language.A lightweight tape is used to generate gradients for the entire LBM simulation,enabling end-to-end backpropagation.Our AD-LBM approach accurately estimates the boundary conditions for complex flow paths in porous media,leading to observed steady-state velocity fields and deriving macro-scale permeability and fluid viscosity.The method demonstrates significant advantages in terms of prediction accuracy and computational efficiency,making it a powerful tool for solving inverse fluid flow problems in various applications.

Novel thick-target inverse kinematics method for the astrophysical ^(12)C+^(12)C fusion reaction

The ^(12)C+^(12)C fusion is one of the most important reactions in modern nuclear astrophysics.The trend and magnitude of the reaction rate within the Gamow window strongly influence various astrophysical processes.However,direct measurement of this reaction is extremely difficult,which makes it necessary to develop indirect methods.In this study,the ^(23)Na+p reaction system was used to study the compound nucleus ^(24)Mg.We employed a thick-target inverse kinematics method combined with theγ-charged-particle coincidence technique to measure the proton andα exit channels of ^(24)Mg.Technical details of the ^(23)Na+p thick-target inverse kinematics experiment and analysis are presented herein.

Causal effect of psoriasis on aortic valve stenosis:a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Background Epidemiological studies have suggested a potential connection between psoriasis and an increased risk of aortic valve stenosis(AS),though the impact of psoriasis on AS progression remains uncertain.The study aims to investigate the causal relationship between psoriasis and AS using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis,as well as to uncover potential mechanisms underlying this association.Methods A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using publicly available summary statistics from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)of psoriasis and AS.Cis-eQTL and significant genes were identified for each causal single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),followed by pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction(PPI)analysis for functional evaluation.Hub genes were pinpointed by Cytospace.The transcriptional profile of AS population was acquired,and interconnected genes networks were clustered using Molecular Complex Detection(MCODE).Results Our results demonstrate a significant causal relationship between psoriasis and AS,with a genetic predisposition to psoriasis associated with a higher AS risk(odds ratio:1.46).Pathway and PPI analyses unveiled 15 hub genes,including HLA-C,HLA-B,ISG15,IFIT3,and MX2,along with immune-related pathways linking psoriasis and AS.Moreover,the transcriptional profiling of the AS database highlighted the significant involvement of adaptive immune cells in AS development.Notably,among the 15 hub genes,ISG15,MX2,OAS3,OASL,IFI6,and EPSTI1 exhibited higher expression in the AS population.Conclusion Our study provides compelling evidence supporting a causal relationship between psoriasis and AS.Furthermore,the identified hub genes and immune-related pathways may play an important role in the development of both diseases.

Coleus forskohlii shows anti-psoriatic activity in imiquimod-induced psoriasis rats

Objective:To evaluate anti-psoriatic activity of Coleus forskohlii in rats with imiquimod-induced psoriasis.Methods:Imiquimod was used to induce psoriasis in rats.Body weight,skin thickness,erythema,scaling,spleen weight,and histological alternations were measured to assess the effect of Coleus forskohlii.Furthermore,an emulgel formulation containing Coleus forskohlii 10%was prepared and characterized along with its ex vivo permeation studies.Results:The emulgel formulation containing Coleus forskohlii 10%had a pH of 5.40±0.36,with optimum spreadability of(31.67±2.08)g/(cm·s)and viscosity of(15966.67±1274.10)cps,and enhanced both the rate and the extent of drug permeation through psoriatic skin.In an ex vivo study,the quantity of drug permeated(19.18%),deposited(52.38%),and drug remaining in the donor compartments(28.31%)was satisfactory.Coleus forskohlii significantly alleviated imiquimod-induced psoriasis by increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity,decreasing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels,and alleviating histological alternations in rat skin.Conclusions:Coleus forskohlii can alleviate imiquimod-induced psoriasis,which may be used as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of psoriasis.

The Application Progress of Skin Imaging Technology in Psoriasis

Skin imaging technologies such as dermoscopy, high-frequency ultrasound, reflective confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography are developing rapidly in clinical application. Skin imaging technology can improve clinical diagnosis rate, and its non-invasiveness and repeatability make it occupy an irreplaceable position in clinical diagnosis. With the “booming development” of medical technology, skin imaging technology can improve clinical diagnosis rate. Researchers have made significant advances in assisting clinical diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of disease. This article reviews the application and progress of skin imaging in the diagnosis of psoriasis.

Systemic Amyloidosis Secondary to Psoriasis: A Rare, Autoimmune and Genetically-Determined Disorder That Is Amenable to Treatment with Cyclosporin A—Cyclosporin A for Psoriasis-Induced Amyloidosis

Background: Systemic secondary amyloidosis (SSA) is associated with chronic inflammatory disorders and/or chronic infections. Patients and Methods: Over the past 10 years;a total of 21 patients, with long-term (17 months) and extensive psoriasis (P) with psoriasis area severity index (PASI) >29, were evaluated. Results: Two patients had nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria 3.9 and 3.6 g/day) and decrease creatinine clearance (46 and 62 ml/minute). Their renal biopsy revealed Congo-red (+) nodular glomerulosclerosis that lacked immune-deposits and resisted wash with K-permanganate wash indicating SSA. Three months subsequent to Cyclosporin A (CyA) therapy with 100 mg twice daily;psoriasis improved in all patients with decrease in (PASI) from 29.5 to 3.5 1. In the 2 patients with SSA;proteinuria decreased to 2.1 and 1.8 g/day and creatinine clearance improved to 51 and 69 ml/minute. Such improvement persisted up to 2 years of follow up and up to 78 months in patients with SSA. Conclusion: psoriasis-induced SSA is an autoimmune disease, with genetic predisposition that is amenable to CyA therapy.

Fuzzy-Inverse-Model-Based Networked Tracking Control Frameworks of Time-Varying Signals

Dear Editor,Tracking control in networked environment is a very challenging problem due to the contradiction of rapid response to the time-varying signal and the inevitable delay introduced by networks. This letter has proposed several fuzzy-inverse-model-based network tracking control frameworks which are helpful in handling the system with nonlinear dynamics and uncertainties.

Directed pulsed neutron source generation from inverse kinematic reactions driven by intense lasers

Neutron production driven by intense lasers utilizing inverse kinematic reactions is explored self-consistently by a combination of particle-in-cell simulations for laser-driven ion acceleration and Monte Carlo nuclear reaction simulations for neutron production.It is proposed that laser-driven light-sail acceleration from ultrathin lithium foils can provide an energetic lithium-ion beam as the projectile bombarding a light hydrocarbon target with sufficiently high flux for the inverse p(^(7)Li,n)reaction to be efficiently achieved.Three-dimensional self-consistent simulations show that a forward-directed pulsed neutron source with ultrashort pulse duration 3 ns,small divergence angle 260,and extremely high peak flux 3×10^(14)n/(cm^(2)·s)can be produced by petawatt lasers at intensities of 10^(21)W/cm^(2).These results indicate that a laser-driven neutron source based on inverse kinematics has promise as a novel compact pulsed neutron generator for practical applications,since the it can operate in a safe and repetitive way with almost no undesirable radiation.

Moyamoya syndrome may result from psoriasis: Four case reports

BACKGROUND Moyamoya syndrome(MMS)is a group of diseases that involves more than one underlying disease and is accompanied by moyamoya vascular phenomena.Psoriasis is a chronic immune skin disease closely linked to high blood pressure and heart disease.However,psoriasis-related MMS has not been reported.CASE SUMMARY We collected data on patients with stroke due to MMS between January 2017 and December 2019 and identified four cases of psoriasis.Case histories,imaging,and hematological data were collected.The average age of the initial stroke onset was 58.25±11.52 years;three cases of hemorrhagic and one case of ischemic stroke were included.The average duration from psoriasis confirmation to the initial MMS-mediated stroke onset was 17±3.56 years.All MMS-related stenoses involved the bilateral cerebral arteries:Suzuki grade III in one case,grade IV in two cases,and grade V in one case.Abnormally elevated plasma interleukin-6 levels were observed in four patients.Two patients had abnormally elevated immunoglobulin E levels,and two had thrombocytosis.All four patients received medication instead of surgery.With an average follow-up time of 2 years,two causing transient ischemic attacks occurred in two patients,and no hemorrhagic events occurred.CONCLUSION Psoriasis may be a potential risk factor for MMS.Patients with psoriasis should be screened for MMS when they present with neurological symptoms.

Toll-like receptors 2 polymorphism is associated with psoriasis: A case-control study in the northern Chinese population

Background:Psoriasis is a disease caused by genetics and immune system dysfunction,affecting the skin and joints.Toll-like receptors(TLRs)play an important role in triggering the innate immune response and controlling adaptive immunity.The role of TLR2 in the progression of psoriasis is not well understood.Methods:A case-control study was conducted on a northern Chinese Han population,consisting of psoriasis patients and healthy control subjects.Genotyping was performed using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction(ARMS-PCR),and allele and genotype frequencies of four SNPs in TLR2 were analyzed in 270 psoriasis patients and 246 healthy controls.Results:Four TLR2 SNPs(rs11938228,rs4696480,rs3804099,rs5743699)were genotyped and found to be in linkage disequilibrium.The genotype distributions of rs11938228 and rs4696480 in two groups were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and statistically significant except for the overdominance model.The haplotypes ATTC and ATCC were found to be protective against psoriasis.Conclusion:Our study found a correlation between TLR2 genetic variations and the likelihood of psoriasis in northern China.

Triple reverse order law for the Drazin inverse

In this paper,we investigate the reverse order law for Drazin inverse of three bound-ed linear operators under some commutation relations.Moreover,the Drazin invertibility of sum is also obtained for two bounded linear operators and its expression is presented.

Secoemestrin C Ameliorates Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation in Mice by Suppressing the TNF-α/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Objective Secoemestrin C(SC),an epitetrathiodioxopiperazine isolated from Aspergillus nidulans,has been previously reported to have immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects against acute autoimmune hepatitis.However,the effect of SC on regulating the inflammation and its underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remain unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SC on inflammatory dermatosis both in vitro and in vivo.Methods In vitro,HaCaT cells were induced with tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α,10 ng/mL)to establish an inflammatory injury model,and the expression of nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway components was measured using qRT-PCR and Western blotting.An in vivo mouse model of imiquimod(IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation was used to evaluate the effectiveness of SC in alleviating psoriasis.Results SC significantly blocked the activation of NF-κB signaling in TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT cells.In addition,systemic and local administration of SC improved psoriatic dermatitis in the IMQ-induced mouse model.SC reduced skin scale and significantly inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors in skin lesions.Conclusion The protective effect of SC against psoriatic-associated inflammation reveals its potential therapeutic value for treating psoriasis.