Possibility for Recognition of Psychic Brain Activity with Continuous Wavelet Analysis of EEG

The brain is a unique organization in nature, possessing the ability for psychic activity, which manifests itself in thoughts, feelings and emotions. In present days, numbers of mathematical methods for analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) were developed with continuous wavelet transform being one of the most successive approaches for studying of brain activity. This paper is aimed to develop methods for investigation of psychic brain activity with help of continuous wavelet analysis of EEG. Ability of human to realize semantic content of the image presented on the screen was tested. Experiment was accompanied with simultaneous EEG recording, which was held with developed software and PC-based experimental setup. The information capabilities of continuous wavelet transform-based method for EEG analysis were improved for the recognition of specific patterns in human brain activity. Comparative wavelet analysis was carried out for EEG recordings at the moment of awareness of the semantic content of the image and for EEG recordings in the absence of conscious (subjective) perception of the semantic content of the image. Significant differences were shown in the alpha rhythm of EEG for the moments of awareness of the semantic content of the image and for the moments of absence of conscious perception. Continuous wavelet analysis of EEG showed that the alpha rhythm is the main EEG rhythm, which can be used to estimate the presence of subjective perception of the visual image. Significant differences were shown in the alpha rhythm of EEG for the moments of awareness of the semantic content of the image and for the moments of absence of conscious perception. Conducted studies allow to conclude that revealing of brain activity related to visual image awareness is possible through analysis of EEG.

The Psychical Distance in Angela Carter＇ s The Company of Wolves

Angela Carter is a famous female writer in the 20 th century who is known for her feminism, Gothic feature and magical realism. She is good at rewriting classical tales and adding new ideas and concepts to them. The Company of Wolves is one of her rewriting pieces. In this story, Carter takes The Little Red Riding Hood as her writing base. At the same time, she challenges the idea of the inferiority and natural dependence of female in the original fairy tale.Carter defamiliarizes her story from the traditional one as well as imitates it. In this way, she produces psychical distance and gives readers a sense of freshness. This paper tries to analyse Carter's work from Bullough's"Theory of Psychical Distance". By analyzing the exceptional characters and their abnormal desires, it aims to reveal Carter's special way to produce psychical distance.

Psychic euosmia and obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Patients with obsessive compulsive personality disorder(OCPD) often refer to a prompt mood improvement upon encountering good scents in general, or fresh laundry borax on their clothes, pillows or home settings. The Authors propose the new term psychic euosmia in the mean of an overstated psychological predisposition for a real pleasant smell that elicits an immediate sense of pleasure, order and calm. The prompt reactions to a pleasant odor might be explained by the involvement of rhinencephalon and its proximity to mood-related limbic circuits, which bypass the cognitive awareness. Cleanliness may not preclude a subject to enjoy a good smell, even if we are representing smells that resemble freshness, in other words order. A potentially even more important argument is given by the continuum of personality disorders and their variability. Not all personality characteristics led to disturbed behaviors. In evolutionary perspectives having the ability to differentiate between unpleasant and pleasant odors should have made the difference in surviving. On the other hand, psychic euosmia could be considered a normal reaction, but in our clinical experience it is over-represented among OCPD subjects with marked orderliness and disgust. Therefore, detecting psychic euosmia might vicariously confirm the relevance of disgust as a cognitive driver of OCPD. Hereby we support research to characterize psychic euosmia as a feature of orderliness and cleanliness for OCPD.

Development of Psychic Pain in the Context of Microcephaly and Abortion: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: In the year of 2015, evidence of a relation between Zika virus and the development of microcephaly in pregnant women who acquired the infection started to come up. Thus, it is extremely necessary that the analysis of the affliction affects these women in a biopsychosocial context, in order to discuss and comprehend in a more reliable manner the affection from the perception of the disease, origin, and psychic pain mechanisms. Methods: Systematic review with meta-analysis, using the PRISMA protocol. The study period was 2016 and the keywords included “microcephaly” and “abortion”, one at a time and then combined with the Boolean operator “AND.” The statistical analysis was done using the BioEstat 5.0 program. Calculation was based on an adjustment of Mantel-Haenszel random effect. Results: 41,046 registrations were found. Of this total, 40,992 articles were excluded because they only mentioned the fact or referred to spontaneous abortion, did not analyze abortion on the eyes of microcephaly, only treated with Zika virus, or were repeated. Limitations: Psychic pain and suffering need studies in the mother/son/disease relation, which were not found in the databases. The article was based on other sources. Conclusions: The pains vary in different areas of the female life, since internal conflicts, gender violence, stress, fear, insecurity, psychologic torture, grieve, loneliness, among other kinds of psychic suffering. More studies on psycho-emotional themes need to be promoted to discuss the female suffering on a wider vision, closer to the reality faced by these women.

UBOM-4, a New Scale for Psychic Function and Energy: General Population Normative Values and Influencing Parameters

Objective: We introduce Utena’s Brief Objective Measures of 4 Axes for Psychic Function and Energy (UBOM-4), a new brief test battery for evaluating psychic function concerning intellect, emotion, volition, and imagination. To date, insufficient general population data on the UBOM have been collected. This study aimed to establish the normative values for the general population in UBOM-4 and examine the effects of age, sex, and mental health status on the values. Methods: The General Health Questionnaire, 12-item version (GHQ-12) and UBOM-4 were administered to 149 individuals working in or attending professional schools or universities (73 males, 76 females;age: 19 - 65 years). Participants were classified as healthy based on their GHQ-12 responses and psychiatrist interviews. Results: UBOM-4 measures (mean ± SD) were: pulse rate difference (PRD or UBOM-pulse), −0.72 ± 4.31 beats/min;ruler catching time (RCT or UBOM-ruler), 18.42 ± 3.73 cm;degree of randomness (DOR or UBOM-random), 0.94 ± 0.18;mean randomizing time (MRT or UBOM-time), 0.60 ± 0.31 sec. The Baum Test drawings were classified as usual (86%) and unusual patterns (14%). Sex effects were observed for RCT (UBOM-ruler) and DOR (UBOM-random), but not for PRD (UBOM-pulse) and MRT (UBOM-time). Therefore, the normative values for RCT (UBOM-ruler) (males: 17.37 ± 3.25 cm;females: 19.42 ± 3.90 cm) and DOR (UBOM-random) (males: 0.92 ± 0.18;females: 0.95 ± 0.18) should be differentiated by sex. The patterns of the Baum Test drawings were affected by age, with individuals over 51 years showing the unusual pattern more frequently (42%). Discussion: Compared to previous results for healthy individuals, the present results were similar for RCT (UBOM-ruler), DOR (UBOM-random), MRT (UBOM-time), and the drawing pattern, but different for PRD (UBOM-pulse). This difference is probably because PRD is sensitive to test situation habituation, sex of examiner, order of subtests, etc. Thus, PRD (UBOM-pulse) should be measured after the subject-examiner relationship stabilizes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that UBOM-4 can be widely used in clinical settings, utilizing the present results as a reference.

Psychic euosmia among obsessive-compulsive personality disorder patients:A case control study

BACKGROUND Psychic euosmia(PE)has been described as a supposed psychological predisposition for which pleasant smells elicit an immediate sense of pleasure,order and calmness in obsessive-compulsive personality disorder(OCPD).In this study we tried to verify the interpretation that PE is the counterpart of disgust that has been associated to contamination and moral purity.Disgust and morality are significantly associated in people with obsessive-compulsive personality traits.We expected that OCPD patients would experience higher levels of PE.AIM To investigate the PE frequency in OCPD patients and healthy controls(HC)and to evaluate the relationship between PE and disgust.METHODS A single-center,case-control study was conducted in an outpatient service for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.The sample consisted of 129 subjects:45 OCPD patients and 84 HC.In both groups we submitted the Disgust Scale Revised(DS-R)and the self-report Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Screening Personality Questionnaire to which we added an additional yes or no question to investigate the presence of PE.In order to verify differences between groups,t-test was employed for continuous variables and 2 test for categorical variable;odds ratio was employed to analyze group differences in the PE survey.Correlation was explored with Pearson r correlations.RESULTS No differences were observed between groups in gender composition or education.A slight significant difference was found in mean age(t=1.988;P=0.049).The present study revealed significantly higher proportions of PE among OCPD patients when compared to HC(OR:5.3,2.28-12.46).Patients with OCPD were more likely to report PE(n=36;80%)whereas a much lower proportion endorsed PE in the HC group(n=36;42.9%).Interestingly,no differences were observed between groups in mean score for the Disgust Scale.There was also no difference between the two groups in any of the Disgust Scale Revised subscales.Moreover,no significant correlations were observed in the OCPD group between PE and Disgust Scale Revised subscales.CONCLUSION Results suggested that PE might be part of the clinical spectrum of OCPD,and it does not reflect the counterpart of disgust.This could also indicate that this phenomenon is a manifestation of orderliness or incompleteness.Further studies will need to be undertaken to better understand PE and its significance in OCPD.

Simulating the mind and applications-a theory-based chance for understanding psychic transformations in somatic symptom disorders

With the new category of somatic symptom disorder/bodily distress disorder in ICD-11,research into pathogenetic and therapeutic pathways is stimulated.By turning away from the definition of somatoform disorders as“the lack of something physical explaining everything”,this new classification might offer a way to put the focus on the individual patient’s psychodynamic balance and conflicts and their condensation in the symptom.Modelling and simulation have a long history in science to gain insight also into complex phenomena.Considering the evolution of precision medicine many different parameters are meanwhile operationalised and ready for consequent process research.Calculation models have to fit to the complexity of this disorder category.In an interdisciplinary discourse between computer and medical/psychoanalytic scientists a multilayer,fine grained calculation model is elaborated.Starting from a clinical case history,within iterative discussion,by acknowledging the demand for interdisciplinary synergy and cooperation in science,psychoanalytic theory served as the basis for computer-scientific information technique.A parallelisation with the Mealy model helped to establish a meaningful calculation possibility for further process research.How psychic transformations can be understood properly in order to provide meaningful treatments,the respective training,and to conduct appropriate process-and outcome-research is established in simulating the mind and applications.

Satisfaction at Work and Suffering in Professional Psychic Service Mobile Service Emergency (SAMU)

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the level of professional satisfaction, to identify the presence of psychic suffering and their correlations in Emergency Medical Services professionals. Methods: The study is of the exploratory, census, descriptive, transversal type, with quantitative approach. It used three instruments: A sociodemographic questionnaire;the Professional Satisfaction Index—PSI;and the Self Report Questionnaire—SRQ-20. 200 professionals took part in the research (doctors, nurses, nursing technicians and conductors). Results: The data show that the majority of professionals are aged between 40 and 49 years old and that the largest quantity of women belong to the group of nurses. As to the PSI, the majority of professionals pointed out remuneration as the most important for satisfaction. In the overall satisfaction result, the physicians were those who had the highest level of satisfaction. Regarding the SRQ-20 scores, the group of nursing technicians and nurses had the highest prevalence for psychic suffering, with 44.56% and 43.48%. In the statistical analyses between each of the components of the professional satisfaction with the SRQ-20 scores, we verified statistically significant correlations when adopting (p Conclusions: It was concluded that the discontent of workers with remuneration and managerial issues are predominant for total dissatisfaction with work and dissatisfaction exerts a strong influence on the presence of suffering in these professionals.

解剖维多利亚时代的资产阶级:《资产阶级经验》评述

彼得·盖伊的《资产阶级经验》探讨从维多利亚到弗洛伊德时期的资产阶级经验,是在解剖特定时代的特定阶级。盖伊注重整体性的研究,以自己独特的观察视角涉足启蒙运动、资产阶级等诸多社会文化史领域,以倡导运用精神分析方法的文化史而闻名,留下鸿篇巨制。《资产阶级经验》根据历史的意义来把它界定为1837-1914年,对19世纪历史的本质进行总体把握,通过对具体问题的深入解释来力图反映历史发展的全貌。资产阶级具有多样性,盖伊概括他们的相似特征,描绘其集体传记。盖伊将精神分析、传记与历史相互结合起来,展示宏观时代脉络和微观的个体生平的纵横交织,完成了一个阶级的文化史,其著作开阔了关于维多利亚时代资产阶级经验的视野。

人类世中教育如何关怀儿童?

人类世中的教育迷失方向,缺乏对儿童的真正关怀。教育的消费化捕获与误导儿童的精神注意力,导致驱力取代精神爱欲。教育的调制化调动儿童的适应性,为儿童装备可用功能,阻断儿童的精神个体化。教育的学习化湮没存在性学习,消除象征意义创制,摧毁儿童的思考。教育关怀儿童,就是要关怀儿童的智性心灵,引导儿童创造精神个体化。精神个体化形成思想、言辞、行动的智慧、德性与技艺。教育只有通过关怀儿童的心灵,关怀儿童精神意向,引导儿童学习存在性思考,才能锻炼儿童的思想、智慧与精神,才能助益儿童的精神个体化,才能培养儿童健全的心智,才能创造走出人类世的生命负熵,才能培养真正能够关怀自我、社会、世界、自然、人类的未来一代。

基于一气周流探讨从脾论治双心疾病

社会的巨大进步使得人们生活质量与精神压力不断攀升,同时也增加了心系疾病并发心理疾患的人数。现代医学称心系疾病与心理疾患相互伴发、相互影响、共存者为“双心疾病”。该病发病率较高,现已成为严重的健康问题。目前西医治疗双心疾病多采用常规治疗联合精神类药物,难以取得理想效果。中医治疗“双心疾病”的独到优势在于整体辨证施治、因人制宜,在调理身心的同时可解决西药效果不理想的难题。黄玉璐提出的“一气周流”理论强调中土脾胃做轴,中气左升右降带动肝心肺肾四象轮转,形成循环无端的“圆运动”,强调中气为人体气机升降出入之根本。文章基于一气周流、土枢四象理论及现代医家对双心疾病的认识,探讨双心疾病的发病机制与治法治则,认为双心疾病的发病根源在于中土不运,中土不运所致痰瘀互结、气机不畅、气血不和、心失所养为发病关键。治疗应以培补中土、恢复中气正常升降为基础,以调和气血、疏肝养心、祛痰活血为主,使中气健运、安神达郁,恢复机体一气周流之状态,则一身之病尽除。治病必求于本,从脾出发对双心疾病进行辨治分析,更有利于标本兼顾,发挥中医药在双心疾病论治中的优势。

改良三甲散对血管性痴呆病患者智能状态的调节作用

目的研究改良三甲散对血管性痴呆病(VD)的治疗作用。方法治疗组37例,改良三甲散煎服,每天1剂;对照组31例,脑复康每次0.8g,每天3次口服;疗程3个月。观察指标为长谷川痴呆量表(HDS)、简易智力状态检查表(MMSE)及MMSE分项记分,智商、记忆商。结果改良三甲散能提高患者HDS、MMSE测试总成绩和MMSE单项计分成绩(P<0.05或P<0.01),改善患者的痴呆状态(P<0.05),提高患者的智商(P<0.05)和记忆商(P<0.01)。结论改良三甲散具有一定的益智、抗痴呆作用。

不满意消费者的网络负面口碑机制研究

已有研究指出负面口碑对企业绩效有显著的副作用,此负面影响在互联网上会被进一步放大,因为网络的匿名性和广泛性是不满意的消费者进行负面口碑传播的温床。因此,研究网络环境下驱动消费者传播负面口碑的因素尤为重要。在对网络环境下负面口碑传播机制研究中,准实验调查发现,心理收益是导致不满意消费者的负面口碑传播意愿的主要影响因素,而心理成本的影响作用不显著。

慢性前列腺炎患者精神心理症状相关因素分析

目的: 探讨慢性前列腺炎患者的精神心理症状的发生情况及相关因素. 方法: 选择符合慢性前列腺炎诊断的315例患者作为研究对象,详细询问并记录病程、以往治疗情况和精神心理症状,进行前列腺炎临床症状评分、前列腺按摩液(EPS)检查,并将诸多因素与精神心理症状进行相关性比较. 结果: 慢性前列腺炎患者中具有精神心理症状者161例(51.1%).慢性前列腺炎患者的精神心理症状与病程无关,病程＜1年、1～2年和＞2年患者的精神心理症状发生率分别为49.1%、48.0%和56.1%;与疾病久治不愈有关,初次就诊、2～3次就诊和多次就诊患者的精神心理症状发生率分别为35.3%、43.5%和62.6%,差异具有显著性(P<0.05);与临床症状的严重程度无关,轻、中程度和重症患者的精神心理症状发生率分别为46.2%、52.4%和55.9%;与EPS内的炎症程度无差异(P>0.05),炎性慢性前列腺炎和非炎性慢性前列腺炎患者的精神心理症状发生率分别为53.8%和47.3%. 结论: 慢性前列腺炎患者精神心理症状与患者的多次就诊直接相关,疾病久治不愈加重了患者的精神心理症状.

Alzheimer病患者行为和精神症状的调查

目的 评定Alzheimer病 (AD)患者的行为和精神症状。方法 应用加里福尼亚痴呆行为问卷 (CDBQ)对 60例患者进行评定。结果 ①抑郁症状发生率 1 0 0 % ,以思维缓慢 (66 7% )、兴趣减退 (56 7% )、易疲劳 (56 7% )和心情不快(4 5% )多见。②激越症状发生率 93 3 % ,以易发脾气 (65% )、重复言语 (60 % )、徘徊 (4 6 3 % )和重复动作 (4 5% )多见。③精神病性症状发生率 78 3 % ,以猜疑 (50 % )、被窃妄想 (3 3 3 % )和疑病 (2 6 7% )多见。④其它多见的行为和精神症状有记忆力差 (1 0 0 % )、易遗失物品 (80 % )和易分心 (68 3 % )。行为异常总发生率和抑郁症状发生率与病情严重度成正比。结论 AD患者行为和精神症状发生率高 ,应予高度重视。

慢性前列腺炎患者心理症状与临床症状严重程度相关分析

目的:探讨慢性前列腺炎(CP)患者心理症状和临床症状严重程度的相互关系。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、NIH-CPSI和自制的相关因素调查表,调查CP患者300例,并对评分进行相关性分析。以CPSI中疼痛不适和排尿症状两项积分之和分为轻度、中度和重度组。结果:回收有效调查表288份。CP患者SCL-90与常模比较,强迫因子分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),人际因子分低于常模(P<0.01),偏执因子分高于常模(P<0.05),其余因子分及阳性项目数均显著高于常模(P<0.01)。CPSI轻度组67例,中度组173例,重度组48例。躯体化和人际两个因子分3组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);恐怖因子分轻度组与中度组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),轻度组、中度组与重度组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);其余各因子及阳性项目数轻度组与中度组、重度组比较差异均有显著性(P<0.01),中度组和重度组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。未能找到SCL-90总评分和CPSI总分的相关性。结论:CP患者的心理症状与临床症状轻重程度密切相关,心理治疗特别是早期心理干预非常重要。

社会偏好中的框架效应

社会偏好中的框架效应是指,个体在决策中受到选择方案框架形式的影响而表现出合作、互惠及利他行为及倾向改变的现象,是框架效应在社会偏好领域的运用。预期理论、错误知觉说、心理动力模型、情绪维护理论以及解释水平理论分别从价值函数、知觉偏差、内部心理动力、情绪及认知表征角度解释了社会偏好中的框架效应,心理距离、价值取向、人格特质和文化等因素对社会偏好中的框架效应具有重要影响。未来的研究需要从社会偏好中的框架效应的心理机制与神经机制、研究范式及外部效度改进等方面作进一步探讨。

三种精神依赖性评价方法的比较及应用

药物的精神依赖性是评价一个药物滥用潜力的重要指标。目前，评价药物精神依赖性潜力的方法主要有３种：自身给药实验方法、药物辨别实验方法和位置偏爱实验方法。本实验运用这３种方法对羟甲苯太尼和盐酸二氢埃托啡的精神依赖性进行了系统的评价，结果表明羟甲芬太尼和盐酸二氢埃托啡的精神依赖性潜力分别为吗啡的１０００多倍和近万倍。这也证明强效的阿片类镇痛药的精神依赖性主要是由阿片μ受体介导的。对实验结果的相关性进行的比较表明３种行为药理学模型评价的结果具相关性。为其在药物精神依赖性评价方面的广泛应用提供了有力的依据。