Species of the genus Psychotria are used for multiple purposes in Brazilian folk medicine,either as water infusions,baths or poultices.This study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxic and antiproliferative effects of in...Species of the genus Psychotria are used for multiple purposes in Brazilian folk medicine,either as water infusions,baths or poultices.This study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxic and antiproliferative effects of infusions of Psychotria brachypoda and P.birotula on the Allium cepa test.Exposure to distilled water was used as a negative control,while exposure to glyphosate was used as a positive control.The interaction of extracts(as a post-treatment)with the effects of glyphosate was also studied.Results showed that glyphosate and the extracts of both P.brachypoda and P.birotula reduced the mitotic index as compared with the negative control(distilled water).Surprisingly,however,both extracts from P.brachypoda and P.birotula caused a partial reversal of the antiproliferative effect of glyphosate when used as a post-treatment.Glyphosate also induced the highest number of cells with chromosomal alterations,which was followed by that of P.birotula extracts.However,the extracts from P.brachypoda did not show any signifi cant genotoxic effect.Post-treatment of glyphosate-treated samples with distilled water allowed a partial recovery of the genotoxic effect of glyphosate,and some of the Psychotria extracts also did so.Notably,post-treatment of glyphosatetreated samples with P.brachypoda extracts induced a statistically signifi cant apoptotic effect.It is concluded that P.brachypoda extracts show antiproliferative effects and are not genotoxic,while extracts of P.birotula show a less potent antiproliferative effect and may induce chromosomal abnormalities.The fi nding of a partial reversion of the effects of glyphosate by a post-treatment with extracts from both plants should be followed up.展开更多
Ayahuasca(caapi,yajé),is a psychoactive brew from the Amazon Basin region of South America traditionally considered a“master plant.”It is prepared as a decoction from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis...Ayahuasca(caapi,yajé),is a psychoactive brew from the Amazon Basin region of South America traditionally considered a“master plant.”It is prepared as a decoction from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis,which it is thought that it stimulates creative thinking and visual creativity.Native healers of the Orinoco and Amazon basins have used traditionally ayahuasca as a healing tool for multiple purposes,particularly to treat psychological disorders in the patients,with some beneficial effects experimentally and clinically validated.Recently,several syncretic religions,as the“Uniao de Vegetal”(UDV)group in Brazil,have been spread around the world.The use of ayahuasca has been popularized by internet and smart-shops,bringing the psychoactive substance to new highs,emerging new“ayahuasqueros.”Ayahuasca has alkaloids asβ-carbolines and dimethyltryptamines,which inhibit the monoamine oxidase and active the 5-HT_(2A)(5-hydroxytryptamine)receptor,respectively,resulting in hallucinations in the users.Ayahuasca induces a psychedelic change in the anteroposterior coupling of the electrophysiological brain oscillations in humans.Traditional ayahuasca beverage is generating pharmacological,commercial and spiritual interest among the scientific community,government people,and different populations worldwide.The goal of this article is to report about the uses,chemistry and biological activities of ayahuasca.展开更多
基金the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)for fi nancial support.
文摘Species of the genus Psychotria are used for multiple purposes in Brazilian folk medicine,either as water infusions,baths or poultices.This study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxic and antiproliferative effects of infusions of Psychotria brachypoda and P.birotula on the Allium cepa test.Exposure to distilled water was used as a negative control,while exposure to glyphosate was used as a positive control.The interaction of extracts(as a post-treatment)with the effects of glyphosate was also studied.Results showed that glyphosate and the extracts of both P.brachypoda and P.birotula reduced the mitotic index as compared with the negative control(distilled water).Surprisingly,however,both extracts from P.brachypoda and P.birotula caused a partial reversal of the antiproliferative effect of glyphosate when used as a post-treatment.Glyphosate also induced the highest number of cells with chromosomal alterations,which was followed by that of P.birotula extracts.However,the extracts from P.brachypoda did not show any signifi cant genotoxic effect.Post-treatment of glyphosate-treated samples with distilled water allowed a partial recovery of the genotoxic effect of glyphosate,and some of the Psychotria extracts also did so.Notably,post-treatment of glyphosatetreated samples with P.brachypoda extracts induced a statistically signifi cant apoptotic effect.It is concluded that P.brachypoda extracts show antiproliferative effects and are not genotoxic,while extracts of P.birotula show a less potent antiproliferative effect and may induce chromosomal abnormalities.The fi nding of a partial reversion of the effects of glyphosate by a post-treatment with extracts from both plants should be followed up.
基金We are grateful to the PRODEP-SEP Postdoctoral Fellowship at Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana(UAM)to EPEA(project number 14612857).
文摘Ayahuasca(caapi,yajé),is a psychoactive brew from the Amazon Basin region of South America traditionally considered a“master plant.”It is prepared as a decoction from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis,which it is thought that it stimulates creative thinking and visual creativity.Native healers of the Orinoco and Amazon basins have used traditionally ayahuasca as a healing tool for multiple purposes,particularly to treat psychological disorders in the patients,with some beneficial effects experimentally and clinically validated.Recently,several syncretic religions,as the“Uniao de Vegetal”(UDV)group in Brazil,have been spread around the world.The use of ayahuasca has been popularized by internet and smart-shops,bringing the psychoactive substance to new highs,emerging new“ayahuasqueros.”Ayahuasca has alkaloids asβ-carbolines and dimethyltryptamines,which inhibit the monoamine oxidase and active the 5-HT_(2A)(5-hydroxytryptamine)receptor,respectively,resulting in hallucinations in the users.Ayahuasca induces a psychedelic change in the anteroposterior coupling of the electrophysiological brain oscillations in humans.Traditional ayahuasca beverage is generating pharmacological,commercial and spiritual interest among the scientific community,government people,and different populations worldwide.The goal of this article is to report about the uses,chemistry and biological activities of ayahuasca.
