Application of the Electrical Resistivity Method in Precision Agriculture of Coffee Cultivation, in the Kabiri Area, Ícolo e Bengo Township, Luanda, Angola

The electrical resistivity method is a geophysical tool used to characterize the subsoil and can provide an important information for precision agriculture. The lack of knowledge about agronomic properties of the soil tends to affect the agricultural coffee production system. Therefore, research related to geoelectrical properties of soil such as resistivity for characterization the region of the study for coffee cultivation purposes can improve and optimize the production. This resistivity method allows to investigate the subsurface through different techniques: 1D vertical electrical sounding and electrical imaging. The acquisition of data using these techniques permitted the creation of 2D resistivity cross section from the study area. The geoelectrical data was acquired by using a resistivity meter equipment and was processed in different softwares. The results of the geoelectrical characterization from 1D resistivity model and 2D resistivity electrical sections show that in the study area of Kabiri, there are 8 varieties of geoelectrical layers with different resistivity or conductivity. Near survey in the study area, the lowest resistivity is around 0.322 Ω·m, while the highest is about 92.1 Ω·m. These values illustrated where is possible to plant coffee for suggestion of specific fertilization plan for some area to improve the cultivation.

Early Detection of Colletotrichum Kahawae Disease in Coffee Cherry Based on Computer Vision Techniques

Colletotrichum kahawae(Coffee Berry Disease)spreads through spores that can be carried by wind,rain,and insects affecting coffee plantations,and causes 80%yield losses and poor-quality coffee beans.The deadly disease is hard to control because wind,rain,and insects carry spores.Colombian researchers utilized a deep learning system to identify CBD in coffee cherries at three growth stages and classify photographs of infected and uninfected cherries with 93%accuracy using a random forest method.If the dataset is too small and noisy,the algorithm may not learn data patterns and generate accurate predictions.To overcome the existing challenge,early detection of Colletotrichum Kahawae disease in coffee cherries requires automated processes,prompt recognition,and accurate classifications.The proposed methodology selects CBD image datasets through four different stages for training and testing.XGBoost to train a model on datasets of coffee berries,with each image labeled as healthy or diseased.Once themodel is trained,SHAP algorithmto figure out which features were essential formaking predictions with the proposed model.Some of these characteristics were the cherry’s colour,whether it had spots or other damage,and how big the Lesions were.Virtual inception is important for classification to virtualize the relationship between the colour of the berry is correlated with the presence of disease.To evaluate themodel’s performance andmitigate excess fitting,a 10-fold cross-validation approach is employed.This involves partitioning the dataset into ten subsets,training the model on each subset,and evaluating its performance.In comparison to other contemporary methodologies,the model put forth achieved an accuracy of 98.56%.

Coffee Leaf Rust(Hemileia vastatrix)Disease in Coffee Plants and Perspectives by the Disease Control

Coffee Leaf Rust(CLR)is caused by Hemileia vastatrix in Coffea spp.It is one of the most dangerous phytopathogens for coffee plantations in terms of coffee productivity and coffee cup quality.In this review,we resume the problem of CLR in Mexico and the pathogenesis of H.vastatrix.The review abord plant-pathogen interactions which lead a compatible or incompatible interactions and result in CLR disease or resistance,respectively.The review abord Coffea spp.defense response pathways involved in H.vastatrix pathogenicity.Additionally,current measures to control H.vastatrix proliferation and germination were aborded focused on phytosanitary actions,and biological and chemical control.Finally,new trendlines to reduce the impact of CLR as nanoparticles and nanotechnology were analyzed.

“Keyboard sign”and“coffee bean sign”in the prenatal diagnosis of ileal atresia:A case report

BACKGROUND Ileal atresia is a congenital abnormality where there is significant stenosis or complete absence of a portion of the ileum.The overall diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in detecting jejunal and ileal atresia is low.We report a case of ileal atresia diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound examination with the“keyboard sign”and“coffee bean sign”.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of ileal atresia diagnosed in utero at 31 weeks'of gestation.Prenatal ultrasound examination revealed two rows of intestines arranged in an‘S’shape in the middle abdomen.The inner diameters were 1.7 cm and 1.6 cm,respectively.A typical“keyboard sign”was observed.The intestine canal behind the“keyboard sign”showed an irregular strong echo.There was no normal intestinal wall structure,showing a typical“coffee bean sign”.Termination of the pregnancy and autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis.CONCLUSION The prenatal diagnosis of ileal atresia is difficult.The sonographic features of the“keyboard sign”and“coffee bean sign”are helpful in diagnosing the location of congenital jejunal and ileal atresia.

Building the ARIMA Model for Forecasting the Production of Vietnam’s Coffee Export

Coffee is a significant industry, accounting for 3% of Vietnam’s GDP, with annual export turnover consistently exceeding USD 3 billion. Despite global economic challenges affecting purchasing power at various times, Vietnam’s coffee exports in December 2023 continued to surge, reaching the highest level in the past 9 months at 190,000 tons, a 59.3% increase compared to November 2023, but still a slight 3.5% decrease from the same period last year. The export turnover reached USD 538 million, a 51% increase from November 2023 and a 26.4% increase from the same period last year. Therefore, forecasting the coffee export volume holds significant importance for coffee producers nationwide. This research employs the Box-Jenkins method to construct an ARIMA model for forecasting Vietnam’s coffee export volume based on annual data published by the General Statistics Office. Results indicate that among the models considered, the ARIMA(1, 1, 2) model is the most suitable. The study also provides short-term forecasts for Vietnam’s coffee export volume. However, the current model is limited to forecasting and is not yet optimized, as the assumed linearity in the model is a simplification.

Conceptual Metaphor Analysis in Advertising Slogans about Coffee Brands

This paper delves into the strategic use of conceptual metaphors in advertising slogans for coffee brands,exploring how these linguistic devices influence consumer perception and brand appeal.By employing cognitive linguistic theories,this study categorizes eight global coffee brand slogans into five distinct metaphorical patterns,revealing the underlying conceptual mappings that enhance brand messaging.The analysis underscores the importance of metaphorical language in simplifying complex ideas,evoking emotional responses,and establishing a connection between the product and the consumer’s everyday experiences.This paper concludes that the judicious application of conceptual metaphors in advertising is a powerful tool for creating memorable and impactful slogans that resonate with the target audience.

Coffee Orchard Response to Enhanced Efficiency Phosphate Fertilizer

Phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in plant growth by aiding in the development of strong roots, promoting flower and fruit formation, and aiding in photosynthesis. Studies to improve P fertilizers efficiency in coffee orchards are necessary due to the need for better efficiency and the lack of information on enhanced efficiency P fertilizers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MAP coated with anionic polymers (Policote) on coffee orchard development. A coffee trial was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments, applied at coffee planting, were arranged in an incomplete factorial (2 × 4) + 1, using two P sources (MAP and Policote coated MAP), four P rates (40, 80, 120, and 160 g P2O5 plant-1) and control (without application of P fertilizer). Plant height was evaluated in the 2016/2017, 2017/2018, and 2018/2019 seasons, while coffee bean maturation, yield, and agronomic P efficiency use were evaluated in the last two seasons. P fertilization did not affect coffee bean maturation and increased coffee yield in 31-month-old plants when differences among P sources and rates were observed. Using Policote-coated P fertilizer resulted in higher yields at the same P rate, as well as similar yields at a lower P rate, compared to conventional fertilizer. Policote-coated P fertilizer can be used as an enhanced efficiency fertilizer and is an efficient way to deliver required P to plants. The target for reducing farm investment, increasing agricultural profits, preserving phosphatic rock reserves, and avoiding the overuse of phosphate fertilizer could be realized through the rational use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers.

Experimental Study of a Modified Icaro Solar Dryer: The Case of Coffee Drying

Food losses in the developing country are thought to be 50% of the fruits and vegetables grown and 25% of harvested food grain. Food preservation can reduce wastage of a harvest surplus, allow storage for food shortages, and in some cases facilitate export to high-value markets. Drying is one of the oldest methods of food preservation. Drying makes produce lighter, smaller, and less likely to spoil and helps to minimize the moisture content in coffee beans as high moisture content during storage is certain to ruin the taste and appearance of coffee. This work presents the results of an experimental study of forced convection drying of coffee cherries in a modified Icaro solar dryer. The study aims to validate the numerical models developed for further research. The experimental tests envisaged also aim to determine the mass loss curves of the product by fixing or calculating its initial mass (1 kg), its initial water content (70%), the ambient temperature, the drying airflow (0.02 m3.s-1 to 0.09 m3.s-1) and the exchange coefficients. The influence of these aerothermal parameters on the drying time of a most commercialized coffee variety (Robusta) was studied. Finally, the results revealed an increase in the efficiency of the heat transfer air and a reduction in the water content of the coffee cherry from 70% to 9.87%, after 30.2 hours.

Genetic diversity of coffee germplasm in Sierra Leone:implications for conservation and breeding programs

Global coffee production is dominated by Coffea arabica(Arabica coffee)and C.canephora(Robusta coffee)due to their relatively high-yielding and quality attributes as opposed to other coffee species.Despite these advantages,production of Arabica and Robusta coffee is facing mounting challenges though not limited to increasing prevalence and severity of biotic and abiotic stresses.These challenges bring forth an indication that the global coffee crop portfolio requires diversification to ensure resilience to the key challenges for sustainable production.Sierra Leone is in the center of genetic diversity of genus Coffea,and the country hosts rich coffee genetic resources.The C.stenophylla,C.affinis and possibly other wild relative species are indigenous to Sierra Leone and these species offer great potential for a new coffee market and income generation.However,more efforts of conservation and genetic improvement on these species,are needed to realize these opportunities.The objective of this paper is to review the coffee genetic resources in Sierra Leone with an emphasis on the wild coffee species including their conservation status,and the phenotypic and molecular characterization.We also present perspectives for future genetic improvement of C.stenophylla,and discuss breeding methods,combining ability,and molecular marker-assisted prediction of hybrid vigor.Moreover,with the availability of recently developed single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)markers on C.stenophylla,we suggest that new technologies of molecular breeding,such as genomic selection can significantly accelerate the breeding progress and deliver improved varieties with high yield,good adaptability,and disease resistance.

Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Arabica Coffee Agroforestry Systems in the Noun Division, West Cameroon

Agroforestry systems (AFSs) offer viable solutions to climate change because of the below-ground biomass (BGB) that is maintained by the soil. Therefore, spatially explicit estimation of their BGB is crucial to account for emission reduction efforts. A study to assess soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen dynamics in Arabica coffee agroforests was conducted in two subdivisions (Foumbot and Kouoptamo) of the Noun Division in western Cameroon. The methodological approach involved the collection of 150 soil samples taken at different depths: 0 - 10, 10 - 20 and 20 - 30 cm. Depending on the depth, the SOC stock is 27.93 ± 1.13 tC/ha at 10 cm depth, 22.37 ± 1.47 tC/ha at 20 cm and 20.79 ± 0.31 tC/ha at 30 cm. According to the age classes of the Arabica coffee systems (ACA), the C/N ratio in our study area averaged 26.94 ± 13.60 for the (5 - 20) year old systems in Foumbot and 60.64 ± 48.80 for the (20 - 35) year old systems in Kouoptamo. Depending on the depth, at 10 cm this ratio is higher in Kouoptamo than in Foumbot with a maximum value of 57 and 38 respectively for the two subdivisions. In view of the results obtained, it would be important to analyse the types of microorganisms responsible for the decomposition of organic matter which is linked to soil organic carbon.

‘瑰夏’咖啡园杂草种类调查及防控建议——以佐园咖啡庄园为例

为明确‘瑰夏’咖啡园杂草种类及防除现状,2020—2023年对佐园咖啡庄园‘瑰夏’咖啡园杂草的种类和防除现状开展调查,结果在‘瑰夏’种植基地共发现杂草25科53种,菊科杂草种类最多,禾本科杂草种类次之,分别为15种(占比28.30%)和8种(16.33%);属级水平杂草种类分布较均匀,每属杂草种类介于1~2种。目前基地杂草防控主要以人工除草、机械除草和地布覆草为主,导致杂草群落多样性水平降低。据此提出杂草防除建议。

Culture Media Options for Growth and Morphological Characterisation of Cercospora coffeicola Affecting Coffee in Zimbabwe

Cercospora leaf spot is fast turning into a critically important disease in Zimbabwe.The disease is caused by Cercospora coffeicola which significantly reduces productivity and quality of coffee.Disturbingly,optimum sporulation of Cercospora coffeicola in culture remains a limiting factor for microbial analysis and quantitative studies of Cercospora leaf spot.Faced with this challenge,an in-vitro study was conducted at Coffee Research Institute,Manicaland,Zimbabwe to examine growth of Cercospora coffeicola in different nutrient media and to determine the best media for Cercospora coffeicola analysis.Six nutrient media were assessed(corn meal agar,oat meal agar,Czapek Dox agar,malt extract agar,yeast extract agar and potato dextrose agar)for the growth of Cercospora coffeicola.The laboratory-based experiment was duplicated,laid out in a Completely Randomized Design,replicated three times and based on Cercospora coffeicola nutrient inoculation.Data were collected on radial growth,colour and texture of mycelium at 3 and 6 days after inoculation.There were significant differences(p<0.05)in the growth of Cercospora coffeicola in media after 3 and 6 days.Malt extract agar had the greatest radial growth(34 mm and 32 mm)of Cercospora coffeicola for trials 1 and 2 respectively,whilst the least growth was in the oat meal agar(14.2 mm and 15.7 mm)for trials 1 and 2 respectively.There were variations in colour and texture of mycelium with malt extract agar,potato dextrose agar and oat meal agar associated with darker colours and rough texture while smooth white mycelia were found in corn meal agar.After considering all nutrient media,malt extract agar was found to be the best media for the growth of Cercospora coffeicola in-vitro.On the basis of our findings,the authors recommend the use of malt extract agar as the primary media for identification and characterisation of Cercospora coffeicola.

异源双根缓解咖啡连作障碍及其机制初探

为明确异源双根是否能缓解咖啡连作障碍及其可能机制,本研究以大粒种咖啡1号(Caffealiberica,No.1)和中粒种咖啡热研1号(Caffea canephora, Reyan No. 1)靠接形成大粒种-中粒种异源双根咖啡,通过咖啡连作障碍园土壤培养幼苗,评价植株苗木质量,明确异源双根对咖啡连作障碍的缓解作用。通过双根无分隔、尼龙网分隔、双盆分隔等不同分根方式试验,明确异源双根缓解咖啡连作障碍机制,并探讨双根间在缓解连作障碍上的差异及协同作用。结果表明:较连作障碍咖啡园非根际土,异源双根咖啡或同源双根咖啡经根际土培养后苗木质量指数、总的植株生物量均显著下降,连作逆境抑制咖啡生物量积累,使苗木质量变差;非根际土培养后,异源双根咖啡、同源双根咖啡的苗木质量指数和总的植株生物量差异均不显著;而根际土培养后,异源双根咖啡较同源双根咖啡的苗木质量指数、大粒种根系生物量、中粒种根系生物量及总的植株生物量均显著提高。因此,连作逆境虽抑制咖啡生长,但对同源双根咖啡影响更大,异源双根通过其大粒种根系缓解连作逆境咖啡生长障碍。为进一步明确异源双根尤其是大粒种根系缓解咖啡连作障碍的可能机制,以不同分根方式培养异源双根咖啡,发现较无分隔、双盆分隔处理,连作逆境下双根尼龙网分隔后植株苗木质量佳,并且尼龙网分隔后植株的中粒种根系长势最好,说明大粒种根系化感物质促进中粒种根系生长。双根无分隔、双盆分隔后植株的苗木质量差异不显著,无分隔较双盆分隔后植株的大粒种根系长势差,即双根系在能够彼此接触的自然生长状态下,中粒种根系抑制大粒种根系生长,但这种抑制作用与中粒种根际化感物质无关,尼龙网分隔、双盆分隔后大粒种根系长势差异不显著,说明大粒种根际有无中粒种根际化感物质,对大粒种根系生长均无影响。综上所述,异源双根通过其大粒种根系减少自身在连作逆境中的化感抑制,利用其根际化感物质促进中粒种根系生长,实现根壮苗壮,达到缓解咖啡连作障碍的目的。研究结论为异源双根靠接在大田的推广应用提供理论依据。

普洱市生态咖啡园栽培技术研究

该文以普洱市地区为视角,以生态咖啡园为目标,从选地、建园和咖啡栽培各个方面逐一梳理了栽培技术,合理选择优质咖啡品种,引入生态防治病虫害的方法,创建生态栽培环境,确保咖啡园整体的生态性,以此保障普洱咖啡的栽培质量,顺应人们对咖啡果实的各项需求。在种植实践中,某咖啡园选择卡蒂姆7963为基础咖啡种植品种以“德热4号”为新品种进行联合种植。种植对比发现:卡蒂姆具有高产性,“德热4号”具有较强的抗病能力。

基于全球价值链的海南咖啡产业价值链赋能增值路径

海南目前是我国的第二大咖啡产区,其咖啡文化由来已久,但产业发展仍存在短板和约束。从全球价值链角度出发,通过多个咖啡产业评价指标,测算海南咖啡产品出口技术复杂度,并且对产业价值链现状进行分析,深入挖掘咖啡产业发展中存在的问题,并在此基础上提出海南咖啡产业价值链的区域赋能增值路径,以期对充分利用海南自由贸易港建设优势、推动海南咖啡产业链增值提供参考。

2023年中国咖啡进出口贸易形势分析

据分析,2017—2023年中国咖啡及制品年均出口数量为6.47万t,年均增长率-10.87%;年均出口金额为2.52亿美元,年均增长率-8.11%。其中2023年中国咖啡出口数量为2.80万t,较上年增长-49.98%;出口金额为1.43亿美元,较上年增长-51.67%,中国咖啡出口量总体呈下降趋势。2017—2023年中国咖啡及制品年均进口数量为13.62万t,年均增长率为13.23%;年均进口金额为7.10亿美元,年均增长率为17.94%。其中2023年中国咖啡及制品进口数量为19.67万t,较上年增长12.21%;进口金额为11.06亿美元,较上年增长0.54%,中国咖啡进口量总体呈快速增长态势。2017—2023年中国咖啡及制品进出口贸易年均逆差4.58亿美元,其中2023年逆差9.63亿美元,随着国内消费量增长,中国咖啡国际贸易逆差将呈常态化。

市售现磨咖啡和速溶咖啡的营养成分分析

本文采用相关国家标准检测方法,对45批次现磨咖啡样品和14批次速溶咖啡样品中多种营养物质的成分(包括可溶性固形物、元素、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、能量、氨基酸、脂肪酸和维生素A等)进行测定,并分析其主要营养成分差异。结果表明,咖啡中的主要营养物质为可溶性固形物,其可在一定程度上给人体补充碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质等营养物质,以及部分人体必需的元素。因咖啡配方不同,各类咖啡营养成分的含量存在较大差异。由于部分咖啡样品糖度较高,或钠含量较高,消费者需要根据自身的健康状况合理选择。

咖啡隐喻:海南福山特色小镇农文旅融合的地方性叙事

物承载着人类社会的文化实践,在其背后呈现的是文化隐喻。咖啡在海南省福山地区的发展历程体现了物的世界性与地方性的关联,以及中国式现代化的实践。咖啡流通空间的转化实现了物的跨边界流动,咖啡在世界范围的传播轨迹反映了全球化的过程。海南福山咖啡的文化实践既是海南自贸港建设进程中农文旅融合发展特色小镇的打造模式,也是中国式现代化的具体实践路径,还是一种特定社会语境中文化隐喻的表达。

饮品习惯与男性不育症因果关系的孟德尔随机化研究

目的通过孟德尔随机化分析方法探究饮茶、喝咖啡与男性不育症之间的因果关系。方法基于公开发表的欧洲地区人群饮茶、喝咖啡与男性不育症基因组关联研究(GWAS)汇总数据,采用与饮茶、喝咖啡相关的遗传位点作为工具变量,使用逆方差加权法(IVW)作为主要分析方法进行两样本孟德尔随机化(MR)分析;采用异质性检验、多效性检验和留一法进行敏感性分析,评估分析结果的稳健性。结果IVW结果显示,饮茶、喝咖啡与男性不育症无相关性(饮茶:OR=0.75,P=0.71>0.05;喝咖啡:OR=1.46,P=0.51>0.05)。敏感性分析结果稳健,单核苷酸多态性(SNP)不存在水平多效性和异质性。结论饮茶、喝咖啡不会增加男性不育症的发病风险。

咖啡渣和去油咖啡渣热解特性的试验研究

【目的】研究咖啡渣(spent coffee grounds,SCG)和去油咖啡渣(defatted coffee grounds,DCG)的热解特性并计算其热解动力学参数,分析两者在不同温度下热解三相产物的变化规律,实现废弃咖啡渣的二次利用。【方法】采用管式炉、热重(thermogravimetry,TG)试验和热裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用仪(pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometer,Py-GC-MS)开展了热解产物分布和热解特性的研究,采用Flynn-WallOzawa(FWO)法计算了热解动力学参数。【结果】热重分析结果表明,SCG和DCG热解可分为4个阶段,主要热解温度范围为200~400℃,并且在300℃左右时失重率最大,升温速率可促进热解反应的进行。动力学计算结果表明,当转化率由0.1提高至0.7时,SCG和DCG的活化能均随之不断升高,转化率由0.7提高至0.9时,两者活化能均随之有所下降;SCG和DCG的平均活化能分别为293.58和307.86 kJ/mol。Py-GC-MS分析表明,SCG主要热解产物包括芳香族、酚类、醛类等化合物,DCG主要热解产物包括醛类、酚类、杂环类、酯类等化合物,在热解阶段,随着热解温度的升高,芳香族、酚类、杂环类化合物相对含量减少,醛类化合物相对含量先增加后减少。管式炉热解试验结果表明,SCG的热解产物中生物油产率较高,DCG的热解产物中焦炭产率较高。【结论】SCG和DCG在合适的温度下进行热解,有利于酚类、芳香族化合物等重要工业原料的回收,实现其高值化利用。