Anomaly of the ionospheric electron density close to earthquakes:Case studies of Pu'er and Wenchuan earthquakes

The electron density recorded onboard the DEMETER satellite was analyzed to search for possible anomalies before earthquakes both in space and time. To distinguish pre-earthquake anomalies from the other anomalies related to geomagnetic activity, data were filtered using the Kp index. The analysis is based on the comparison of data recorded closely to earthquakes in space and time and past data for the same area. In analyzing data around the time and location of the Pu＇er and Wenchuan earthquakes, obvious anomalies in electron density were found close to the epicenters, and some remarkable disturbances were detected before the earthquakes occurred. The results were finally compared with those of previous works that used the same data but employed different analysis methods. Good agreement was found which suggests that these anomalies have a close relation to the earthquake preparation.

Research on the Accurate Location of the 2007 M_S6.4 Ning'er, Yunnan Earthquake

Five mobile digital seismic stations were set up by the Earthquake Administration of Yunnan Province near the epicenter of the main shock after the Ning＇er M6. 4 earthquake on June 3, 2007. In this paper, the aftershock sequence of the Ning＇er M6. 4 earthquake is relocated by using the double difference earthquake location method. The data is from the 5 mobile digital seismic stations and the permanent Simao seismic station. The results show that the length of the aftershock sequence is 40kin and the width is 30km, concentrated obviously at the lateral displacement area between the Pu＇er fault and the NNE-trending faults, with the majority occurring on the Pu＇er fault around the main shock. The depths of aftershocks are from 2kin to 12km, and the predominant distribution is in the depth of 8 ~ 10km. The mean depth is 7. 9kin. The seismic fault dips to the northwest revealed from the profile parallel to this aftershock sequence, which is identical to the dip of the secondary fault of the NE-trending Menglian-Mojiang fault in the earthquake area. There are more earthquakes concentrated in the northwest segment than in the southeast segment, which is perhaps related to the underground medium and faults. The depth profile of the earthquake sequence shows that the relocated earthquakes are mainly located near the Pu＇er fault and the seismic faults dip to the southwest, consistent with the dip of the west branch of the Pu＇er fault. In all, the fault strike revealed by earthquake relocations matches well with the strike in the focal mechanism solutions. The main shock is in the top of the aftershock sequence and the aftershocks are symmetrically distributed, showing that faulting was complete in both the NE and SW directions.

Effects of High-intensity Pulsed Electric Field on Amino Acid Content in Large-leaf Pu'er Tea Variety

[Objective] This study aimed to test the effects of high-intensity pulsed electric field on the amino acid content in Pu’er tea leaves. [Method] The amino acid contents of fermented and unfermented the leaves of large-leaf Pu’er tea variety produced in Yunnan Mengku, were measured before and after the treatment with high-intensity pulsed electric field （HPEF）. [Result] The difference of amino acid contents was notable between fermented and unfermented tea leaves produced in the same year. The amino acid content of unfermented tea leaves was larger than that in fermented tea leaves. The amino acid content in tea leaves decreased over time during storage. HPEF treatment under al the conditions improved the amino acid content in tea leaves. [Conclusion] This experiment provides theoretical foundation for the application of HPEF in processing of Pu’er tea leaves.

Discussion on the Sustainable Development of Pu'er Tea

The current situation of Pu'er tea in Yunnan was analyzed.The analysis result showed that the production output of Yunnan tea and the tea plantation area increased greatly when compared with the whole country,but the increase of Pu'er tea inclined to be stable.The restraining factors of Pu'er tea development were explored,and the corresponding countermeasures were put forward.It provided the basis for the sustainable development of Yunnan Pu'er tea.

2018年9月8日墨江5.9级地震云南普洱大寨流体异常特征及机理

文中梳理了2004年以来普洱大寨井连续观测的水化学离子和井-含水层渗透性异常特征。研究发现,在观测井周边250km范围内5.5级以上地震发生前,多次出现过可重复、可类比的异常变化,对地震具有较好的异常指示和预测意义。但相比以往震例,墨江5.9级地震发生前,无论是化学离子还是物理参数均出现了观测以来幅度最大的变化,异常状态较以往强烈很多,但发震的震级只有5.9级。为了研究这一现象产生的原因和机理,文中尝试从区域深部物质活动和区域应力水平2个方面对墨江5.9级地震前的异常演化过程开展讨论,得到以下认识:墨江5.9级地震前,流体异常整体呈现出较为显著的从深部到浅部、从背景到短期微观异常再到临震宏观异常的演化过程;墨江5.9级地震前,普洱大寨连续观测的水化学离子浓度异常和井-含水层渗透性的改变是由于区域内垂向剪切应力持续增强引起的含水层受挤压,从而形成了垂向的流体补给,最终引起不同含水层水体发生交替混合而产生的结果;本次异常形成初期还伴随深部物质剧烈活动的现象,较为显著的由深部到浅部的耦合作用过程可能是导致墨江5.9级地震前出现自观测以来地下流体异常幅度最显著的原因。因此,流体活动从深部开始,随着区域应力不断积累,不断向地表传递的演变过程是墨江5.9级地震前流体异常演化的本质特征;区域应力的作用方式和深部物质活动程度不同,是引起墨江5.9级地震前异常特征与研究区其他历史震例前明显不同的根本原因。文中研究为全面认识普洱大寨井地下流体异常的预测意义和地震前流体异常的深浅耦合演化过程提供了一定参考。

基于普洱茶中重金属成分检测标准物质长期稳定性的研究

本文对所研发的普洱茶中重金属成分检测标准物质的长期稳定性进行了研究,阐述了该标准物质长期稳定性的研究理论及方法。该研究引用经典稳定性评估方案,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱方法,应用标准曲线分析规则(内标法),对普洱茶中Cr、Cu、Cd等重金属元素成分检测标准物质的长期稳定性进行了考察。结果表明:该实验可用于检验普洱茶中重金属成分检测标准物质的性能与品质。

ER智能材料-减震结构体系的研究

ＥＲ智能材料－减震结构体系是一种新兴的多学科交叉的智能结构体系。本文在简要介绍智能材料－结构体系的基本概念及其在土木工程中的应用途径的前提下，详细介绍了ＥＲ智能材料的特性及ＥＲ智能材料－减震结构体系的力学模型和实现方法。文中通过一个单自由度的ＥＲ智能减震结构体系减震性能的分析和在三种结构体系中的应用，说明了ＥＲ智能减震结构体系是一种性能十分优秀的智能结构，它在建筑结构的抗震设计中具有广阔的应用前景。

基于MODIS的普洱市春旱时空演变分析

受季风气候的影响,21世纪以来普洱市春季干旱频发,为了探究春季农业干旱的周期性,论文以普洱市为研究区,利用MODIS增强型植被指数EVI和合成的地表温度LST数据计算温度植被干旱指数TVDI模型,对2001—2022年1—4月普洱市春旱进行时空演变分析。结果表明:时间上,2001—2022年TVDI总均值为0.59,近22年的TVDI呈下降趋势,其干旱类型以中旱为主,年内3月、4月是全市最严重时期,2月次之,1月最弱;空间上,2001—2022年1—4月普洱市春旱南北部旱情呈增强趋势,东西部呈减轻趋势,除小部分地区(景东中部及东部、镇沅东部、景谷东部)旱情不稳定外,整体上旱情较为稳定,其干旱重心转移幅度较小,主要分布在景谷与思茅区,整体往南西方向偏移。

ER/MR智能阻尼器对空间网壳结构地震反应的半主动控制

本文提出了ＥＲ／ＭＲ智能阻尼器对空间网壳结构地震反应半主动控制的设计计算方法。文中，在推导了ＥＲ／ＭＲ智能阻尼器杆件有限单元模型的基础上．建立了设置ＥＲ／ＭＲ智能杆件的网壳结构地震反应的运动方程，应用本文提出的局域半主动控制策略，我们得到了ＥＲ／ＭＲ智能阻尼器对空间网壳结构地震反应半主动控制的计算方法。工程实例的计算结果表明：ＥＲ／ＭＲ智能杆件是一种不会失稳的控制装置，在结构上合理布置ＥＲ／ＭＲ智能杆件和合理选取 ＥＲ／ＭＲ智能杆件的参数可获得较好的减震效果．

基于响应面法优化沙棘普洱茶粉水提工艺及体外抗氧化能力评价研究

以沙棘普洱茶粉水提液中可溶性固形物为响应值,基于单因素及Box-Benhnken响应面法优化实验研究不同料液比、时间、温度、pH的影响.对不同原料配比下的沙棘普洱茶粉进行有效成分检测及体外抗氧化实验,分析、评价其体外抗氧化能力.得到沙棘普洱茶粉(沙棘叶∶普洱茶末=4∶1)的最优水提工艺条件为料液比(原料∶水)为1∶8(g/mL)、提取温度为79℃、提取时间为3 h、pH为8.3.沙棘普洱茶粉的活性成分含量较单一茶粉有所提高,对DPPH(2,2,-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)、ABTS(2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)、CuPRAC(Cupric ReducingAntioxidant Power)及FRAP(Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power)均具有较强的清除能力,制备的沙棘普洱茶粉均具有较好的体外抗氧化作用,为沙棘、普洱茶资源利用及功能性茶粉的开发提供一定参考.

普洱茶色素对柞蚕丝的染色性能

从普洱茶中提取色素对柞蚕丝织物进行染色,优化了染色工艺。试验表明,普洱茶色素用于柞蚕丝染色的最佳条件为:pH=3.5,浴比1∶50,95℃染色40 min,可染得深浅不同的红棕色,色牢度达3级及以上。进一步采用硫酸亚铁为媒染剂对柞蚕丝织物进行后媒染处理,可提高试样K/S值和色牢度,染得灰色织物。经普洱茶色素染色后柞蚕丝织物断裂强力稍有降低,拉伸性及抗皱性得到提高。

普洱多源土地覆盖产品一致性分析与精度评价

数据质量评价是土地覆盖产品选择的依据和应用的前提。以云南省普洱市为研究区,采用面积相关系数、类型混淆分析、空间模式一致性分析以及混淆矩阵等方法,根据机载影像分类和亚米级影像目视判读结果,分析了该区的4种10m空间分辨率的土地覆盖产品(Pu′er LC,Esri_Land_Cover_2020_10m, ESA World Cover和Dynamic World)的精度和一致性。结果表明:1)4种土地覆盖产品的土地类型和分布格局基本一致,以林地为主,灌木与草地、耕地次之,面积相关性较高,相关系数均大于0.9;2)空间高一致性区域占普洱总面积的64.87%,以林地为主,空间一致性较低的区域内灌木与草地、林地、耕地、建设用地等土地覆盖类型交错分布;3)精度验证结果表明,Pu′er LC数据总体精度最高(88.52%),其他3个产品总体精度相差不大,在75%左右。研究可以为土地覆盖数据质量评价和使用等方面提供参考和借鉴。

滇西南澜沧地区南段组砂岩粒度特征与意义

近期完成的1∶50000区域地质调查中,在澜沧地区南段组(DCn)三个岩性段不同类型砂岩中采集了27件粒度分析样品,结果表明:沉积环境分属三角洲、海岸带、大陆斜坡浊流环境,主要为海进层序。三角洲环境砂岩具三角洲上前滨、河流中之边滩、支流河口砂坝特征。海岸带砂岩具三角洲支流河道中之主河道、邻近天然堤浅水支流河道特征。大陆斜坡浊流环境砂岩与浊流沉积中之哈德孙海下扇相似,更好地反映了古特提斯昌宁-孟连盆地形成与演化历史。

普洱茶文化文创产品设计

本文目的是设计普洱茶文化创意旅游产品,使普洱茶文化创意产品更加丰富且有灵魂。通过查阅大量的文献资料和实地调研分析,从普洱茶文化内涵中寻找出具有代表性的文化元素,比如云南少数民族文化元素、茶马古道文化元素等,并结合文创产品的设计原则等,应用多媒体技术,把文化元素融入到文创产品创意中。结果设计出茶叶包装、手提袋、抱枕、文化衫、提袋、胸针等系列文创产品。普洱茶文化创意旅游产品的开发,能够更好地激活旅游产品市场,助力云南茶文化旅游产业的发展。

Source process of M_s6.4 earthquake in Ning’er, Yunnan in 2007

The moment tensor solution, source time function and spatial-temporal rupture process of the MS6.4 earthquake, which occurred in Ning’er, Yunnan Province, are obtained by inverting the broadband waveform data of 20 global stations. The inverted result shows that the scalar seismic moment is 5.51×1018 Nm, which corresponds to a moment magnitude of MW 6.4. The correspondent best double couple solution results in two nodal planes of strike 152°/dip 54°/rake 166°, and strike 250°/dip 79°/ rake 37°, respectively. Considering the isoseismals and geological structures in the meizoseismal region, the first nodal plane (strike 152°/ dip 54°/ rake 166°) is preferred to be the seismogenic fault. Thus, the MS6.4 earthquake occurred mainly along a right-lateral fault striking 152°. The source time function shows that the duration time of the earthquake is about 14 s. The most of the energy releases within the first 11 s and in 11-14 s the rupture is weak. The snapshots of the slip-rate indicate that the rupture process has 3 more detailed stages. In the first stage of the first 4 s after rupture initiation, the rupture propagates simultaneously toward both strike and dip directions; in the second stage of the following 3 s, the rupture extends to down-dip direction; and in the third stage, the rupture looks to be scattering on the fault. In general, this earthquake is of bilateral rupture, and the rupture mainly takes place in strike-dip direction. The major ruptured area is in the shape of a diamond with a dimension of 19 km. On the whole fault plane, the maximum slip is about 1.2 m, the average slip is about 0.1 m, the maxi-mum slip-rate is 0.4 m/s and the average slip-rate is 0.1 m/s. The features of the co-seismic theoretical displacement field of the Ning’er earthquake fault, calculated based on the inverted fault parameters, are consistent with those of the observed isoseismals.

数字化在普洱(熟)茶发酵加工的应用与展望

随着数字化时代的到来,许多数字化茶叶加工新技术不断出现,对茶产业的发展具有深远的影响。渥堆发酵是普洱(熟)茶加工的关键工艺,为普洱茶品质形成的关键所在。文章以普洱茶数控发酵为例,梳理总结普洱茶渥堆发酵的发展现状及数字化在渥堆发酵中的应用,对普洱茶加工的数字化发展前景进行展望,为普洱茶加工的清洁化、数字化及高品质普洱茶生产提供参考。

Effect of tidal stress on fault nucleation and failure of the 2007 Ms6.4 Ning＇er earthquake

Based on calculations of the tidal Coulomb failure stress and investigations of the correlation between the Earth tide and the Ning＇er earthquake sequence, the processes of fault nucleation and failure were simulated. In these simulations we consider the influence of tidal stresses using the rate- and state-dependent friction laws. Furthermore, the effects on tidal trig- gering due to the stress amplitude and periodic oscillation properties were investigated, and the triggering effects between the tidal normal and tidal shear stresses were compared. The results showed that the Ning＇er earthquake sequence was a physical consequence of tidal effects. A transition period To exists between the nucleation and failure processes of a seismic fault. When the period T of stress is equal to or becomes larger than To, the fault response becomes dependent on the periodic features of the loading stress; however, for T 〈 To, the response of the fault is nearly independent of the period. Both the tidal normal and tidal shear stresses have similar effect in the nucleation and failure processes; the clock changes generally increase with the maximum amplitudes of the tidal stresses. Tidal normal and tidal shear stresses with positive amplitudes mainly induce earth- quake triggering; however, the triggering effects induced by negative tidal stresses are smaller and faults are not sensitive to negative tidal stresses. Our results primarily reveal the physical mechanisms of tidal stress triggering.

王水分解泡塑吸附原子吸收分光光度法测定金

基于原子吸收分光光度法测定矿石中金含量,试样经高温焙烧后,用王水溶解,泡塑吸附,可以有效地分离和富集矿石样品中的金,大大降低共存因素,从而不影响金的测定,排除共存元素的影响,提高测试方法的灵敏度。硅酸盐中包裹金,试验结果偏低,可适量掺入氟化钠使硅的晶格处于开放状态,然后将金溶解在王水中,排除全部干扰因素。

普洱地震前电离层电子密度扰动变化研究

挑选普洱地震前邻近地震震中的3条轨道的电子密度(Ne)数据,分析其1年内的所有重访轨道,并提取了这次地震前的Ne前兆异常.结果表明:①夜间电离层Ne存在明显的季节变化,4个季节呈现了各自不同的变化形态;②Ne的主要变化形态有3种,即单峰、马鞍和平缓状,这些形态在各个季节都可能出现,但每个季节有相对集中的形态;③Ne空间图象在震前30天内在震中区附近形成高值,异常信息在空间和时间上都与地震分布有很好的相关性,反映空间出现的异常信息确与本次地震有关;④Ne重访轨道曲线形态有一定的相似性,可以为识别判定地震异常提供背景信息.

电子舌技术在普洱散茶等级评价中的应用

为了探讨茶叶的感官审评结果与电子舌测定结果的相关性,3个等级的云南普洱散茶分别被用于感官审评以及电位型电子舌的检测。电子舌测定结合主成分分析法(PCA)的结果显示,在第一和第二主成分的得分图上,电子舌可以区分特征十分相近的不同等级的普洱茶。同时对感官与仪器分析数据进行PCA分析后,找到了与不同等级茶叶感官品质相关性较高的传感器。因此,电子舌有望应用于茶叶生产的在线检测,以保证质量的一致性与分等分级的客观性。