Putonghua is the lingua franca of People’s Republic of China,so the government of People’s Republic of China has made laws to promote it and require the citizens of People’s Republic of China use it in certain form...Putonghua is the lingua franca of People’s Republic of China,so the government of People’s Republic of China has made laws to promote it and require the citizens of People’s Republic of China use it in certain formal occasions;Promoting Putonghua is the actual needs of China in the current times and in the long future to come.It must be kept in the mind that we must also protect the dialects when promoting Putonghua and we can not afford to let them perish.Putonghua and dialects fulfill different social function in our daily life,so the appropriate relationship between Putonghua and dialects is complementary coexistence in harmony,not in conflicts.And the success of promoting Putonghua should not base on the death of dialects.In order to ensure Putonghua and dialects to fulfill their different social functions better,measures must be taken to safeguard the long-term complementary harmonious coexistence of Putonghua and dialects and to protect endangered dialects.展开更多
Language is an essential part of culture and life, while vocabulary is the most active component of language and a sensitive element that reflects the societal change. With the economic reforms being deepened in China...Language is an essential part of culture and life, while vocabulary is the most active component of language and a sensitive element that reflects the societal change. With the economic reforms being deepened in China, there exist interactions and exchanges in trade and culture across China's Mainland, Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan. Particular vocabularies used in Hong Kong and Taiwan have a considerable influence on Putonghua along with the wide distribution and circulation of books, newspapers and magazines, films and televisions from Hong Kong and Taiwan. In addition, some of the vocabularies have been accepted as written language.展开更多
Language functions as a carrier of culture,playing a crucial role in individual socialization into his cultural community,thus it is inextricably interconnected with individual cultural identity.Language acquisition a...Language functions as a carrier of culture,playing a crucial role in individual socialization into his cultural community,thus it is inextricably interconnected with individual cultural identity.Language acquisition and language ability development require necessary sociocultural interactions and practices.China boasts 55 ethnic minorities which have their own distinctive cultures and language varieties.But some of them are experiencing loss of languages and cultural identity.This paper is dedicated to examining the influences of Putonghua Promotion on Tujia cultural identity from the perspectives of Language Socialization.展开更多
This study investigated whether adults who stutter and normal adult speakers differ in the production of stop consonants in fluent reading Chinese Putonghua speech.Voice onset time（VOT） was measured and the spectral...This study investigated whether adults who stutter and normal adult speakers differ in the production of stop consonants in fluent reading Chinese Putonghua speech.Voice onset time（VOT） was measured and the spectral moments at the stop burst were calculated for the stutterers（both before and after the speech therapy） and also for the nonstutterers. The statistical results showed that there were no significant differences in VOT between the nonstutterers and stutterers either prior to or after therapy,although the mean VOT of the stutterers was slightly greater than that of the nonstutterers.The results also indicated that both the obstruction place and the subsequent syllabic final exhibited an influence to a greater extent on VOT for the stutterers.In the spectral domain,the spectral mean of the stuttering participants before therapy was significantly different from that of the normal participants, whereas the group difference became insignificant after the therapy session.The smaller spectral mean for the stutterers might be interpreted as a more posterior occlusion in the oral cavity when producing alveolars and velars.In addition,productions of the stutterers scattered with a wider range in the space of spectral moments.Furthermore,the smaller main effect of syllabic finals on the mean spectral frequency of the burst suggested that the stutterers exhibited weaker anticipatory coarticulation than the nonstutterers.展开更多
In this paper ,a new approach of pattern recognition for tone classification of Putonghua Which is important for speech recognition of Putonghua is discribed . In this method , four parameters of the fundamental frequ...In this paper ,a new approach of pattern recognition for tone classification of Putonghua Which is important for speech recognition of Putonghua is discribed . In this method , four parameters of the fundamental frequency trajectory are selected based on a large number of statistical experiments . It is assumed that the four parameters satisfy multidimensional Gaussion distribution and a non-Euclidean distance function for each tone class is derived according to the rule of minimum probability of calssification error . the optimal decision results are obtained in a sense of statistics . It is proved that this method provides very satisfactory results by the experiments for speaker-independent tone classification of Putonghua .展开更多
Experimental evidence showed that declination exists in most sentences in Chinese Putonghua. However, the specific pitch variation of prosodic words （PWs） within sentences has not been fully understood. The dialogue...Experimental evidence showed that declination exists in most sentences in Chinese Putonghua. However, the specific pitch variation of prosodic words （PWs） within sentences has not been fully understood. The dialogue material used in this study was taken from the 973 telephone conversation corpus, which includes 69 dialogues, with 79 speakers involved. The read speech material was recordings of news announcement by two announcers from radio, totally 221 sentences. Top and bottom points of pitch contour and the range of prosodic words with the sentences were studied. It was found that, for both dialogue and read speech, pitch declination exists for most sentences, with minor exceptions in the first part of longer sentences for dialogue. Compared to read speech, the pitch range of prosodic words for dialogue is smaller. For dialogue, the pitch range of the last prosodic words of the sentences are relatively larger, while there is no significant difference for pitch ranges of prosodic words in most sentences of read speech. This study will be helpful for the modeling of the pitch range and register of prosodic words in sentences in speech synthesis.展开更多
The zero-crossing rate is an important feature in the recognition of speech. However, the feature is not very reliable in the computation. A method of conversion of the zero-crosssing rate into the main period and rec...The zero-crossing rate is an important feature in the recognition of speech. However, the feature is not very reliable in the computation. A method of conversion of the zero-crosssing rate into the main period and recognition of Putonghua initials by HMM based on the main period are proposed in this paper. The study of on-line recognition of aspirate voiceless stop consonants P, T and K, unaspirate affricative consonants ZH, Z and fricative consonant H of Chinese based on the new method has been made and we obtained 78 percent of the correct recognition rate for the initials. The implementation technique of the new method and the experiment of the initial recognition are described in the paper.展开更多
The systematical study on the model of diatone in Putonghua on the basis of real materials through the techniques of polynomial curve fitting and VQ (vector quantization) are presented. The results show: 1. Most of th...The systematical study on the model of diatone in Putonghua on the basis of real materials through the techniques of polynomial curve fitting and VQ (vector quantization) are presented. The results show: 1. Most of the diatones have several sub-classes, though the scatter of some diatone samples is small. It means that an average model is not sufficient enough to represent all samples in a sub-class. 2. The differences between the diatone model are incarnated on the differences of the highest values of Fo contours, which are correlated with the stress of the first or second syllable. 3. It is a practical and effective method in modeling the diatones in Putonghua through the techniques of polynomial curve fitting and VQ.展开更多
文摘Putonghua is the lingua franca of People’s Republic of China,so the government of People’s Republic of China has made laws to promote it and require the citizens of People’s Republic of China use it in certain formal occasions;Promoting Putonghua is the actual needs of China in the current times and in the long future to come.It must be kept in the mind that we must also protect the dialects when promoting Putonghua and we can not afford to let them perish.Putonghua and dialects fulfill different social function in our daily life,so the appropriate relationship between Putonghua and dialects is complementary coexistence in harmony,not in conflicts.And the success of promoting Putonghua should not base on the death of dialects.In order to ensure Putonghua and dialects to fulfill their different social functions better,measures must be taken to safeguard the long-term complementary harmonious coexistence of Putonghua and dialects and to protect endangered dialects.
文摘Language is an essential part of culture and life, while vocabulary is the most active component of language and a sensitive element that reflects the societal change. With the economic reforms being deepened in China, there exist interactions and exchanges in trade and culture across China's Mainland, Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan. Particular vocabularies used in Hong Kong and Taiwan have a considerable influence on Putonghua along with the wide distribution and circulation of books, newspapers and magazines, films and televisions from Hong Kong and Taiwan. In addition, some of the vocabularies have been accepted as written language.
文摘Language functions as a carrier of culture,playing a crucial role in individual socialization into his cultural community,thus it is inextricably interconnected with individual cultural identity.Language acquisition and language ability development require necessary sociocultural interactions and practices.China boasts 55 ethnic minorities which have their own distinctive cultures and language varieties.But some of them are experiencing loss of languages and cultural identity.This paper is dedicated to examining the influences of Putonghua Promotion on Tujia cultural identity from the perspectives of Language Socialization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10874203,10925419, 90920302,61072124,11074275,11161140319,91120001,61271426)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA06030100,XDA06030500)+1 种基金National 863 Program(2012AA012503)CAS Priority Deployment Project(KGZD-EW-103-2)
文摘This study investigated whether adults who stutter and normal adult speakers differ in the production of stop consonants in fluent reading Chinese Putonghua speech.Voice onset time（VOT） was measured and the spectral moments at the stop burst were calculated for the stutterers（both before and after the speech therapy） and also for the nonstutterers. The statistical results showed that there were no significant differences in VOT between the nonstutterers and stutterers either prior to or after therapy,although the mean VOT of the stutterers was slightly greater than that of the nonstutterers.The results also indicated that both the obstruction place and the subsequent syllabic final exhibited an influence to a greater extent on VOT for the stutterers.In the spectral domain,the spectral mean of the stuttering participants before therapy was significantly different from that of the normal participants, whereas the group difference became insignificant after the therapy session.The smaller spectral mean for the stutterers might be interpreted as a more posterior occlusion in the oral cavity when producing alveolars and velars.In addition,productions of the stutterers scattered with a wider range in the space of spectral moments.Furthermore,the smaller main effect of syllabic finals on the mean spectral frequency of the burst suggested that the stutterers exhibited weaker anticipatory coarticulation than the nonstutterers.
文摘In this paper ,a new approach of pattern recognition for tone classification of Putonghua Which is important for speech recognition of Putonghua is discribed . In this method , four parameters of the fundamental frequency trajectory are selected based on a large number of statistical experiments . It is assumed that the four parameters satisfy multidimensional Gaussion distribution and a non-Euclidean distance function for each tone class is derived according to the rule of minimum probability of calssification error . the optimal decision results are obtained in a sense of statistics . It is proved that this method provides very satisfactory results by the experiments for speaker-independent tone classification of Putonghua .
文摘Experimental evidence showed that declination exists in most sentences in Chinese Putonghua. However, the specific pitch variation of prosodic words （PWs） within sentences has not been fully understood. The dialogue material used in this study was taken from the 973 telephone conversation corpus, which includes 69 dialogues, with 79 speakers involved. The read speech material was recordings of news announcement by two announcers from radio, totally 221 sentences. Top and bottom points of pitch contour and the range of prosodic words with the sentences were studied. It was found that, for both dialogue and read speech, pitch declination exists for most sentences, with minor exceptions in the first part of longer sentences for dialogue. Compared to read speech, the pitch range of prosodic words for dialogue is smaller. For dialogue, the pitch range of the last prosodic words of the sentences are relatively larger, while there is no significant difference for pitch ranges of prosodic words in most sentences of read speech. This study will be helpful for the modeling of the pitch range and register of prosodic words in sentences in speech synthesis.
文摘The zero-crossing rate is an important feature in the recognition of speech. However, the feature is not very reliable in the computation. A method of conversion of the zero-crosssing rate into the main period and recognition of Putonghua initials by HMM based on the main period are proposed in this paper. The study of on-line recognition of aspirate voiceless stop consonants P, T and K, unaspirate affricative consonants ZH, Z and fricative consonant H of Chinese based on the new method has been made and we obtained 78 percent of the correct recognition rate for the initials. The implementation technique of the new method and the experiment of the initial recognition are described in the paper.
基金Department of Computer Sciences, the University of Hong Kong Department of Electronic Engineering, the City University of Ho
文摘The systematical study on the model of diatone in Putonghua on the basis of real materials through the techniques of polynomial curve fitting and VQ (vector quantization) are presented. The results show: 1. Most of the diatones have several sub-classes, though the scatter of some diatone samples is small. It means that an average model is not sufficient enough to represent all samples in a sub-class. 2. The differences between the diatone model are incarnated on the differences of the highest values of Fo contours, which are correlated with the stress of the first or second syllable. 3. It is a practical and effective method in modeling the diatones in Putonghua through the techniques of polynomial curve fitting and VQ.
