Fixed-Bed Column Adsorption Modeling of MnO4- Ions from Acidic Aqueous Solutions on Activated Carbons Prepared with the Biomass

Activated carbons calcined at 400˚C and 600˚C (AC-400 and AC-600), prepared using palm nuts, collected in the town of Franceville in Gabon, were used to study the dynamic adsorption of MnO4- ions in acidic media on fixed bed column and on the kinetic modeling of experimental data of breakthrough curves of MnO4- ions obtained. Results on the adsorption of MnO4- ions in fixed-bed dynamics obtained on AC-400 and AC-600 adsorbents beds indicated that the AC-400 bed appears to be the most efficient in removing MnO4- ions in acidic media. Indeed, the adsorbed amounts, the adsorbed capacities at saturation and the elimination percentage of MnO4- ions obtained with AC-400 (31.24 mg;52.06 mg·g-1 and 41.65% respectively) were higher compared to those obtained with AC-600 (9.87 mg;16.45 mg·g-1 and 17.79% respectively). The breakthrough curves kinetic modeling revealed that the Thomas model and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model were the most suitable models to describe the adsorption of MnO4- ions on adsorbents studied in our experimental conditions. The results of the intraparticle diffusion model showed that intraparticle diffusion was involved in the adsorption mechanism of MnO4- ions on investigated adsorbents and was not the limiting step and the only process controlling MnO4- ions adsorption. In contrast to AC-400, the intraparticle diffusion on AC-600 bed plays an important role in the adsorption mechanism of MnO4- ions.

The Cloud Model for Climate Change

In 1995, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released a thermodynamic model based on the Greenhouse Effect, aiming to forecast global temperatures. This study delves into the intricacies of that model. Some interesting observations are revealed. The IPCC model equated average temperatures with average energy fluxes, which can cause significant errors. The model assumed that all energy fluxes remained constant, and the Earth emitted infrared radiation as if it were a blackbody. Neither of those conditions exists. The IPCC’s definition of Climate Change only includes events caused by human actions, excluding most causes. Satellite data aimed at the tops of clouds may have inferred a high Greenhouse Gas absorption flux. The model showed more energy coming from the atmosphere than absorbed from the sun, which may have caused a violation of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. There were unexpectedly large gaps in the satellite data that aligned with various absorption bands of Greenhouse Gases, possibly caused by photon scattering associated with re-emissions. Based on science, we developed a cloud-based climate model that complied with the Radiation Laws and the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. The Cloud Model showed that 81.3% of the outgoing reflected and infrared radiation was applicable to the clouds and water vapor. In comparison, the involvement of CO2 was only 0.04%, making it too minuscule to measure reliably.

网络化条件下的态势信息分发与Pub/Sub通信范型

探讨了网络化条件下态势信息分发的概念和机制。首先介绍态势信息分发的现状并分析其存在的不足;其次将发布/订阅(Pub/Sub)通信范型引入网络化态势信息分发机制之中,提出基于Pub/Sub网络化态势信息分发机制,分析其合理性和有效性;最后根据未来网络化战争的发展方向,预测其发展趋势。

MOOC平台下“Pub/Sub互动式”教学大纲设计的课程改革应用——以《果蔬保藏学》为例

文章分析了"互动式"教学大纲研究现状,阐述了MOOC(Massive Open Online Courses)平台的教学模式特性.以《果蔬保藏学》为例,从教学大纲的编制、"发布/订阅"、动态调整三个方面,研究MOOC平台下"Pub/Sub(Publish/Subscribe)互动式"教学大纲的设计与实施.

以教学大纲Pub/Sub双向互动模式为导向的课程探索——以河北工程大学《无线网络技术》课程为例

针对传统教学大纲编制存在的主要问题及局限性,本文从改革现行教学大纲的使用状况为切入点,将发布/订阅(Publish/Subscribe,Pub/Sub)消息传输模式创新性地引入到教学大纲编制中,建立了教学大纲Pub/Sub双向互动模式,有效解决了教学大纲编制过程中缺乏双向性、互动性、创造性、动态性的问题。为评价及验证该模式,本文采用了层次分析法,建立了教学大纲Pub/Sub双向互动模式评价指标体系,针对评价指标信息的灰色性问题,采用灰色理论建立了教学大纲Pub/Sub双向互动模式综合评价方法。在此基础上,结合河北工程大学通信工程专业《无线网络技术》课程的实际展开探索,本文给出了教学大纲Pub/Sub双向互动模式的实践路径。

基于“Pub/Sub互动式”教学大纲设计的食品学科实验课程改革

文章阐述了“互动式”教学大纲核心理念。研究了借鉴和引入具有“契约”机制作用的“发布/订阅(Publish/Subscribe,Pub/Sub)互动式”教学大纲的设计和使用方法,根据专业最相近原则,构建专业食品学科实验课程“一体化、三层次”新体系。

基于Pub/Sub模式的智能消息中间件研究

通过总结消息传递模式和消息队列模式,及其中都可用到的点对点通信方式和发布/订阅通信方式的优缺点,提出了一种基于Pub/Sub模式的智能消息中间件,并对该智能消息中间件的系统架构及工作流程进行了研究。此种消息中间件可以根据消息的不同类型来自动选择最佳的传递方式,以此来满足不同消息在及时性,高速性,可靠性等方面的不同要求,它适用于多种领域,尤其在企业应用集成中。

基于Pub/Sub模型的天地一体化网络移动性管理方法

天地一体化网络中,星基网络具有时变性,从而导致天地一体化网络难以采用传统地基网络体系完成终端管理。针对这一问题,提出低轨卫星或天基终端发生移动时主动更新位置信息,由低轨卫星充当天基终端的移动接入网关(MAG),由高轨卫星组成的网络充当天基网络的移动性管理代理(MMA),移动终端和低轨卫星的移动性控制信息由基于Pub/Sub的模型来管理,以维护MAG之间和MAG与地面网关(GW)之间的隧道,从而减少星间移动性管理消息交互和移动过程对传统PMIP网络的LMA和HA的依赖,提升了移动性管理的效率和可靠性。仿真结果表明,与传统MIP相比,基于Pub/Sub模型的天地一体化网络移动性管理方法以少量信令开销为代价,取得了传输时延方面的明显优势。

基于CPN的pub/sub系统中事件订阅的分析

提出了一种基于着色petri网(CPN)理论的pub/sub系统协议分析方法,并就一种p2p网络之上的pub/sub系统协议,用CPN对系统中的订阅事件的消息处理进行形式化描述和建模。用CPN Tools对模型进行模拟仿真,通过对模型的可达图进行分析,证明了协议具有活性、可达性和有界性等,验证了协议的可用性。

基于Publish/Subscribe系统的角色访问控制策略

Publish/Subscribe通信范型能很好的满足大型的分布式系统松散通信的需求,然而,安全问题往往被忽略,文章把Pub/Sub的通信范型与角色的访问控制相结合,用来实现Pub/Sub的安全通信,同时给出了用户与客体事件在不同域的通信策略,角色的引入减少了Pub/Sub系统的授权管理代价,同时增加了访问控制的安全性和灵活性。

基于无标度网络的Pub/Sub免疫路由

为避免Pub/Sub系统遍历路由带来的广播风暴,在基于无标度网络的Pub/Sub系统遍历路由过程中,引入病毒传播动力学的免疫思想,提出基于度的免疫遍历路由。通过设置节点度阈值δ,选择免疫节点控制消息的流向,避免全网遍历,降低广播开销。仿真实验结果表明,与洪泛法和Epidemic算法相比,该算法能更好地降低网络的遍历负载,增强网络的可扩展性。

基于内容的Pub/Sub系统中分发器网络自重构的研究

提出了提高基于内容的Pub/Sub系统健壮性和交互效率的系统自重构方法。该方法包括系统的恢复策略和系统的自组织策略。系统的恢复策略,预防了节点的意外崩溃造成的系统瘫痪;系统自组织策略,有效地降低了系统的事件交互成本,提高了基于内容的Pub/Sub系统的效率。自重构方法在基于内容的Pub/Sub系统SOES中得到了体现。

Calculation of Activity Coefficient from Immiscible Binary Alloy Phase Diagram by Means of Modified Sub-regular Solution Model

The modified sub regular solution model was used for a calculation of the activity coefficient of immiscible binary alloy systems. The parameters needed for the calculation are the interaction parameters, λ 1 and λ 2, which are represented as a linear function of temperature, T . The molar excess Gibbs free energy, G m E, can be written in the form G m E= x A x B[( λ 11 + λ 12 T )+( λ 21 + λ 22 T ) x B ] The calculation is carried out numerically for three immiscible binary alloy systems, Al Pb, Cu Tl and In V. The agreement between the calculated and experimentally determined values of activity coefficient is excellent.

服务总线支持Pub-Sub模式的路由研究

近年来,随着电信行业业务应用的发展,对电信业务服务质量提出了更高的要求。面向服务的体系结构(SOA)提供面向业务的系统框架。采用SOA架构的电信业务系统能满足处理性能、稳定性、完整性及其智能化程度等因素上的高要求。本文以电信行业业务服务性能为目的,从SOA架构的核心基础设施企业服务总线(ESB)对服务路由的支持着眼,提供服务跨系统的Pub/Sub交互,在基础设施上满足服务性能需求,并应用到电信行业中。

OPC UA PUB/SUB模式的研究与实现

针对核电等工业现场设备对OPC UA Pub/Sub技术的需求,对OPC UA Pub/Sub规范进行了研究,分析OPC UA Pub/Sub模式的技术特点和应用场景,开发实现了符合规范的基于OPC UA服务器的Pub/Sub通讯模式。该通讯模式使用OPC UA Client/Server连接模式进行OPC UA Pub/Sub的配置,使用OPC UA Pub/Sub模式进行数据传输。与标准实现的应用进行通讯测试表明,该服务器具备OPC UA Pub/Sub数据传输能力。

Seismic damage analysis of the outlet piers of arch dams using the finite element sub-model method

This study aims to analyze seismic damage of reinforced outlet piers of arch dams by the nonlinear finite element （FE） sub-model method. First, the dam-foundation system is modeled and analyzed, in which the effects of infinite foundation, contraction joints, and nonlinear concrete are taken into account. The detailed structures of the outlet pier are then simulated with a refined FE model in the sub-model analysis. In this way the damage mechanism of the plain （unreinforced） outlet pier is analyzed, and the effects of two reinforcement measures （i.e., post-tensioned anchor cables and reinforcing bar） on the dynamic damage to the outlet pier are investigated comprehensively. Results show that the plain pier is damaged severely by strong earthquakes while implementation of post-tensioned anchor cables strengthens the pier effectively. In addition, radiation damping strongly alleviates seismic damage to the piers.

IMPROVED SUBGRID SCALE MODEL FOR DENSE TURBULENT SOLID-LIQUID TWO-PHASE FLOWS

The dense solid-phase governing equations for two-phase flows are obtained by using the kinetic theory of gas molecules.Assuming that the solid-phase velocity distributions obey the Maxwell equations,the collision term for particles under dense two-phase flow conditions is also derived. In comparison with the governing equations of a dilute two-phase flow,the solid-particle's governing equations are developed for a dense turbulent solid-liquid flow by adopting some relevant terms from the dilute two-phase governing equations.Based on Cauchy-Helmholtz theorem and Smagorinsky model, a second-order dynamic sub-grid-scale(SGS)model,in which the sub-grid-scale stress is a function of both the strain-rate tensor and the rotation-rate tensor,is proposed to model the two-phase governing equations by applying dimension analyses.Applying the SIMPLEC algorithm and staggering grid system to the two-phase discretized governing equations and employing the slip boundary conditions on the walls,the velocity and pressure fields,and the volumetric concentration are calculated.The simulation results are in a fairly good agreement with experimental data in two operating cases in a conduit with a rectangular cross-section and these comparisons imply that these models are practical.

3D Modelling from New and Existing Gravity Data of an Intrusive Body in the Northern Part of Kribi-Campo Sub-Basin in Cameroon

A new gravity survey was carried out in the northern part of the onshore Kribi- Campo sub-basin in Cameroon. The data were incorporated to the existing ones and then analyzed and modeled in order to elucidate the subsurface structure of the area. The area is characterized in its north-western part by considerably high positive anomalies indicative of the presence of a dense intrusive body. We find, 1) from the analysis of the gravity residual anomaly map, the high positive anomalies observed are the signature of a shallow dense structure;2) from the multi-scale analysis of the maxima of the horizontal gradient, the structure is confined between depths of 0.5 km and 5 km;3) from the quantitative interpretation of residual anomalies by spectral analysis, the depth to the upper surface of the intrusive body is not uniform, the average depth of the bottom is h1 = 3.6 km and the depths to particular sections of the roof of the intrusion are h2 = 1.6 km and h3 = 0.5 km;4) and the 3D modeling gives results that are suggestive of the presence of contacts between rocks of different densities at different depths and a dense intrusive igneous body in the upper crust of the Kribi zone. From the 3D model the dense intrusive igneous block is surrounded by sedimentary formations to the south-west and metamorphic formations to the north-east. Both formations have a density of about 2.74 g/cm3. The near surface portions of this igneous block lie at a depth range of 0.5 km to 1.5 km while its lower surface has a depth range of 3.6 km to 5.2 km. The shape of the edges and the bottom of the intrusive body are suggestive of the fact that it forms part of a broader structure underlying the Kribi-Campo sub-basin with a great influence on the sedimentary cover.

Prediction of Vibration Characteristics in Beam Structure Using Sub-Scale Modeling with Experimental Validation

Geometric or sub-scale modeling techniques are used for the evaluation of large and complex dynamic structures to ensure accurate reproduction of load path and thus leading to true dynamic characteristics of such structures. The sub-scale modeling technique is very effective in the prediction of vibration characteristics of original large structure when the experimental testing is not feasible due to the absence of a large testing facility. Previous researches were more focused on free and harmonic vibration case with little or no consideration for readily encountered random vibration. A sub-scale modeling technique is proposed for estimating the vibration characteristics of any large scale structure such as Launch vehicles, Mega structures, etc., under various vibration load cases by utilizing precise scaled-down model of that dynamic structure. In order to establish an analytical correlation between the original structure and its scaled models, different scale models of isotropic cantilever beam are selected and analyzed under various vibration conditions（ i.e. free, harmonic and random） using finite element package ANSYS. The developed correlations are also validated through experimental testing The prediction made from the vibratory response of the scaled-down beam through the established sets of correlation are found similar to the response measured from the testing of original beam structure. The established correlations are equally applicable in the prediction of dynamic characteristics of any complex structure through its scaled-down models. This paper presents modified sub-scale modeling technique that enables accurate prediction of vibration characteristics of large and complex structure under not only sinusoidal but also for random vibrations.