Replacing Missing Teeth with Dental Implants in Pubescent Patients—A Case Report

Tooth loss due to traumatic dental injury or congenital absence can cause functional and social- psychological consequences in youth. Pubescent children with missing teeth are often targets for school bullying. The treatment modality chosen can impact their well-being during their formative years. Despite the high success rate in adult patients, implant placement in young patients is not common due to its ankylosed nature and concerns with possible infra-occlusion in the future. However, skeletal growth and remodeling is a continuous process throughout life and postponement of dental implant placement does not necessary prevent future complication or need for replacement. Dental implant placement should be considered as a viable treatment option for pubescent patients if all other conventional alternatives fail to alleviate patients’ concerns both functionally and psychologically. This case report evaluates the considerations required to place dental implants in pubescent patients, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.

Further Isolation of Coumarin from Angelica pubescence Maxim f. biserrata Shan et Yuan

Nine coumarin compounds were further isolated from Angelica pubescence. They were columbianedin (1), osthol (2), bergapten (3), isoimperaterin (4), meranzin hydrate (5), nodakenetin (6), marmesinin (7), columbianin (8) and angelidiol (9). Among them, 5～8 were isolated for the first time from this plant, 9 is a new natural product.

Distribution Characterization of Leaf and Hull Pubescences and Genetic Analysis of Their Numbers in japonica Rice (Oryza sativa)

Distributions of pubescences on leaf blade and hull in japonica rice were observed under an optical microscope. Numbers of leaf and hull pubescences in P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2 generations were investigated in three combinations of japonica rice (Sidao 10A/Wuyujing 3R, Wuyujing 3A/Sidao 10R and Liuyan 189A/HR-122), and genetic analysis for these two traits were conducted by using the joint analysis method of P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2 generations with the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance models. Leaf pubescences characterized by swollen base and fine tip distributed regularly on the boundary between dark green stripe and light green stripe of leaf blade. Hull pubescences with various lengths distributed irregularly on the whole hull. Numbers of leaf pubescences in the reciprocal combinations of Sidao 10A/Wuyujing 3R and Wuyujing 3A/Sidao 10R and numbers of hull pubescences in all the three combinations were controlled by one pair of additive major genes plus additive-dominant polygenes. In the combination of Liuyan 189A/HR-122, number of leaf pubescences was controlled by one pair of additive-dominant major genes plus additive-dominant polygenes. Both numbers of leaf and hull pubescences were mainly governed by major genes.

A Pd1-Ps-P1 Feedback Loop Controls Pubescence Density in Soybean

Trichomes are universally present in plants and their development is delicately regulated.Trichomes are responsible for pubescence,whose density is associated with some agronomic traits such as insect resis-tance,evapotranspiration,and yield.Almost a century ago,three dominant alleles related to pubescence density in soybean,namely Pd1(dense pubescence),Ps(sparse pubescence),and P1(glabrous),were iden-tified.However,their molecular identity and genetic relationships remain unclear.In this study,through a genome-wide association study and map-based cloning,we determined the genetic basis of these three traits.The sparse-pubescence phenotype of Ps was attributed to a copy-number variation of a 25.6-kb sequence that includes a gene encoding a protein with WD40 and RING domains.The dense-pubescence phenotype of Pd1 was attributed to a T-C transition in the last exon of an HD-Zip transcription factor gene,and the glabrous phenotype of P1 was caused by a G-A transition in the first exon of a lipid transfer protein gene.Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that Pd1 functions as a transcriptional activator that can bind the promoters of the P1 and Ps genes to induce their expression;Interestingly,Pd1 can also bind its own promoter and inhibit its gene transcription.In addition,Ps can interact with Pd1 and weaken the tran-scriptional activity of Pd1.Taken together,our results demonstrate that Pd1,Ps,and P1 form a complex feedback loop to regulate pubescence formation in soybean.