Abraham Lincoln’s Transformative Presidency

The purpose of this paper is to define Abraham Lincoln’s Public Philosophy,based on American Political Development methodology for political scientists of the ideas in a rigorous and systematic way(Ricci,1984)of that shaper.What is a Public Philosophy?To explain both American Development methodology and define a public philosophy,Janes W.Caeser asked“What is the Public Philosophy?”,in Public Philosophy and Political Science:Crisis and Reflection(Stratham,Jr.,2002).Public Philosophy,was a term,initially used by Walter Lippman,in 1955 and discussed by Samuel Beer,who defined the concept as an ideology,to give definition to a core of ideas that shapes public philosophy for a full era.As the concept deals ideas and philosophy,public philosophy correlates with Ricci’s understanding of the“Tragedy of Political Science”leading to a new methodology.

President Andrew Jackson‟s Transformative Presidency Transformed the American Political System,by Creating the Democratic Party

Andrew Jackson utilized a public philosophy of populism,defined by Terry Bimes in her dissertation,“as a mode of rhetorical appeal,one that pits the president and the people against a corrupt special interest”.According to Bimes,the origins of presidential populism originated with Andrew Jackson,were not invented by him,but were“combined with elements of current theories and practices of presidential leadership and governance”.Bimes,in her discussion of how Jackson emphasized the use of populism,stressed that all parts of the government ultimately received their legitimacy from the people and that the government should pursue the common good and prevent those with particular interests from dominating the political process.American politics,I utilize Terry Bimes‟definition of populism,“as a mode of rhetorical appeal,one that pits the president and the people against a corrupt special interest”.A public philosophy has been defined by James W.Ceaser who reviewed the concept that was first used by the journalist Walter Lippman in his book The Public Philosophy that was concerned about competing philosophies with liberalism against its adversary,such as Marxism.Political scientists Theodore Lowi and Samuel Beer defined a public philosophy“as a synonym for what social scientists in American politics called ideology”.Lowi and Beer further defined how a public philosophy was a transforming idea that governs public opinion by utilizing Roosevelt‟s New Deal to explain an example of a change in public philosophy,in which a federal government is strengthened,replacing the older idea of an inactive government.Further,Lowi described how a public philosophy is a way of understanding the significance of public policies,i.e.,New Deal Policies on society.In addition,James W.Ceaser described a public philosophy“as a core set of values embodied in long term opinion that influences public policy over a full era”.

Thomas Jefferson’s Transformative Presidency

Thomas Jefferson created a public philosophy that created in essence his significance as not only a transformative president but as the founder who developed the rationale and enduring tradition for the United States political system.Above all,Jefferson is transformative alone for having created democracy when he introduced his public philosophy,as stated in Charles E.Merriam and Carl Becker’s analysis.Jefferson’s election on March 4,1801,began his two presidencies and created the Jeffersonian Democracy.Jefferson’s definition of a public philosophy is defined by James W.Ceaser.A public philosophy as defined by James W.Ceaser who reviewed the concept that was first used by the journalist Walter Lippman,in his book The Public Philosophy,was concerned about competing philosophies with liberalism against its adversary such as Marxism.Political scientists Theodore Lowi and Samuel Beer defined a public philosophy“as a synonym for what social scientists in American politics called ideology”.Lowi and Beer further defined how a public philosophy was a transforming idea governing public opinion by utilizing Roosevelt’s New Deal to explain an example of a change in public philosophy,in which as federal government is strengthened,replacing the older idea of an inactive government.Further,Lowi described how a public philosophy is a way of understanding the significance of public policies,i.e.,New Deal Policies on society.In addition,James W.Ceaser,described a public philosophy“as a core set of values embodied in long term opinion that influences public policy over a full era.”