Focusing on individualized nutrition within the algorithmic diet: an in-depth look at recent advances in nutritional science, microbial diversity studies, and human health

A healthy balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle are very closely linked.Whichever the biological link is,it is overwhelming to understand.Modifications in how food is served,divided up,and supervised,such as the introduction of nutritional hygiene standards,food handling practices,and the entry of macro and micronutrients,have had a big impact on human health in the last few decades.Growing evidence indicates that our gut microbiota may affect our health in ways that are at least in part influenced by our diet and the ingredients used in the preparation of our food and drinks,as well as other factors.As a new problem,this one is getting a lot of attention,but it would be hard to figure out how the gut microbiota and nutrition molecules work together and how they work in certain situations.Genetic analysis,metagenomic characterization,configuration analysis of foodstuffs,and the shift to digital health information have provided massive amounts of data that might be useful in tackling this problem.Machine learning and deep learning methods will be employed extensively as part of this research in order to blend complicated data frames and extract crucial information that will be capable of exposing and grasping the incredibly delicate links that prevail between diet,gut microbiome,and overall wellbeing.Nutrition,well-being,and gut microorganisms are a few subjects covered in this field.It takes into account not only databases and high-speed technology,but also virtual machine problem-solving skills,intangible assets,and laws.This is how it works:Computer vision,data mining,and analytics are all discussed extensively in this study piece.We also point out limitations in existing methodologies and new situations that discovered in the context of current scientific knowledge in the decades to come.We also provide background on"bioinformatics"algorithms;recent developments may seem to herald a revolution in clinical research,pushing traditional techniques to the sidelines.Furthermore,their true potential rests in their ability to work in conjunction with,rather than as a substitute for,traditional research hypotheses and procedures.When new metadata propositions are made by focusing on easily understandable frameworks,they will always need to be rigorously validated and brought into question.Because of the huge datasets available,assumption analysis may be used to complement rather than a substitute for more conventional concept-driven scientific investigation.It is only by employing all of us that we will all increase the quality of evidence-based practice.

Open Queueing Network Model of Shanghai Public Transportation Problem

In this paper, the open queueing network model is proposed for solving the problem of public transportation in cities. The vertices of the networks(i.e., the bus stops) are determined by means of the fuzzy clustering method. The arcs (i.e., the paths of the public transportation) can be set up by using the shortest path model in the time sense or the 0 1 integer programming method.Applying the statistics method, we can calculate the parameters(such as the passenger flow's distribution, passenger flow's transition probability, mean waiting time for the bus etc. ) of the public transportation network. In this paper, we suggest to divide the network into two or three stages to implement the public transportation system in the form of ``frog jumping' fast transfer and ``permeation' fast dispersion.Combining the computer simulation and the evaluation of the achievement and effect of public transportation system, we modify the model so as to solve the public transportation problem better.

Nutrition Programs through Public Health Centers in Korea

In the peroid of confusion after the Korean War, there was an absolute shortage in the volume of food. The intake of energy and all other nutrients fell short of the recommended dietary intake. To solve the food shortage, there were many food assistant programs through the government channel. With the economic developments during past years, now, there are enough foods for everyone. Thus, food assistant program, which has been the only nutrition program in the government, is no longer needed except for low-income families.Currently, there are not enough nutrition programs in the government. In 1994, about 30 public health center start nutrition programs with the help of Korean Dietetic Association.In this study, kinds of nutrition programs, age, sex and number of participants, the content of programs are studied. The effects of nutrition programs are partially evaluated.Also, problems with current nutrition programs are discussed. Finally, future directions of nutrition programs in the public health centers are discussed

美国公共图书馆的婴幼儿早期阅读推广——对Born to Read项目的考察

文章通过对美国公共图书馆Born to Read(出生即阅读)婴幼儿早期阅读推广活动的产生背景、服务内容、服务特点及价值内涵进行分析,探讨美国公共图书馆开展婴幼儿早期阅读推广活动的经验和启示。Born to Read早期阅读推广具有主体多元化、关注0岁婴幼儿、以培养阅读能力和阅读兴趣为主等特点,对引导亲子阅读、保障婴幼儿阅读权利、推动婴幼儿早期阅读等具有价值。我国公共图书馆应引导家长开展0岁婴幼儿早期阅读活动,为弱势群体家庭提供早期阅读服务,推广婴幼儿早期阅读的品牌活动。

美国“未雨绸缪(Ready)”项目及其对我国防震减灾宣传的启示

美国的"未雨绸缪(Ready)"项目致力于在全国范围内开展防灾公益宣传,包含面向企业、儿童、老人及残疾人等社会群体的若干扩展项目。自实施以来,它通过多种渠道广泛宣传减灾知识,取得了较高的社会关注度,在面向不同群体的应急宣传中发挥了巨大作用。该项目在广泛动员社会力量、细化宣传对象、充分利用现代媒体技术等方面的宣传经验对我国防震减灾应急宣传具有积极的借鉴意义。

基于调用图的Android应用权限泄露检测方法

为提高安卓(Android)应用权限泄露漏洞检测的准确性,提出了1种基于调用图的权限泄露检测方法。提取应用程序的公开接口,进而得到公开方法。提取程序中使用敏感应用程序编程接口(API)的敏感方法,然后构建程序方法间调用图。在公开方法和敏感方法间搜索权限泄露路径。以APKPure应用市场的286个应用程序包(APK)为实验对象进行验证。批量样本检测实验结果表明该文方法能够准确检测多种接口的权限泄露漏洞。选取Drozer、AndroBugs和腾讯金刚审计系统作为对比工具进行对比实验。结果显示,在公开接口检测时,该文方法检测范围最广、考虑的因素最多、漏报误报情况最少。

Does Monetary Support Increase the Number of Scientific Papers？ An Interrupted Time Series Analysis

Purpose： One of the main indicators of scientific production is the number of papers published in scholarly journals. Turkey ranks 18th place in the world based on the number of scholarly publications. The objective of this paper is to find out if the monetary support program initiated in 1993 by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council （TUBITAK） to incentivize researchers and increase the number, impact, and quality of international publications has been effective in doing so.Design/methodology/approach： We analyzed some 390,000 publications with Turkish affiliations listed in the Web of Science （WoS） database between 1976 and 2015 along with about 157,000 supported ones between 1997 and 2015. We used the interrupted time series （ITS） analysis technique （also known as ＂quasi-experimental time series analysis＂ or ＂intervention analysis＂） to test if TOBITAK＇s support program helped increase the number of publications. We defined ARIMA （1,1,0） model for ITS data and observed the impact of TOBiTAK＇s support program in 1994, 1997, and 2003 （after one, four and 10 years of its start, respectively）. The majority of publications （93%） were full papers （articles）, which were used as the experimental group while other types of contributions functioned as the control group. We also carried out a multiple regression analysis.Findings： TUBITAK＇s support program has had negligible effect on the increase of the number of papers with Turkish affiliations. Yet, the number of other types of contributions continued to increase even though they were not well supported, suggesting that TUBITAK＇s support program is probably not the main factor causing the increase in the number of papers with Turkish affiliations. Research limitations： Interrupted time series analysis shows if the ＂intervention＂ has had any significant effect on the dependent variable but it does not explain what caused the increase in the number of papers if it was not the intervention. Moreover, except the＂intervention＂, other ＂event（s）＂ that might affect the time series data （e.g., increase in the number of research personnel over the years） should not occur during the period of analysis, a prerequisite that is beyond the control of the researcher. Practical implications： TUBITAK＇s ＂cash-for-publication＂ program did not seem to have direct impact on the increase of the number of papers published by Turkish authors, suggesting that small amounts of payments are not much of an incentive for authors to publish more. It might perhaps be a better strategy to concentrate limited resources on a few high impact projects rather than to disperse them to thousands of authors as ＂micropayments.＂ Originality/value： Based on 25 years＇ worth of payments data, this is perhaps one of the first large-scale studies showing that ＂cash-for-publication＂ policies or ＂piece rates＂ paid to researchers tend to have little or no effect on the increase of researchers＇ productivity. The main finding of this paper has some implications for countries wherein publication subsidies are used as an incentive to increase the number and quality of papers published in international journals. They should be prepared to consider reviewing their existing support programs （based usually on bibliometric measures such as journal impact factors） and revising their reward policies.

基于ROTI和AATR的测地型GNSS接收机监测北半球高纬度区域电离层闪烁准确性分析

当前,第25个太阳周期已进入强活跃时期,能引发大量电离层不规则体,进而对使得穿行其中的GNSS信号产生电离层闪烁。这已成为影响GNSS全球稳定导航定位服务的重要干扰源。对全球电离层闪烁进行广泛且全面的监测是消除闪烁对GNSS干扰的重要前提,然而传统电离层闪烁监测接收机(ISMR)分布有限,无法满足闪烁全球监测需求;测地型接收机分布广泛,但从其低采样数据中提取的闪烁因子缺乏新太阳周期长时序监测数据验证,导致其闪烁监测可靠性存疑。为此,本文基于近3 a新太阳周期测地型接收机数据,以ISMR提供的闪烁因子为参考,从代表性空间天气事件闪烁响应、日闪烁发生率、闪烁持续时间概率分布、闪烁日发生规律及其随极昼、极夜、地磁指数的特征变化等方面,对比研究了两种测地型接收机电离层闪烁因子(即电离层总电子含量变化率指数ROTI和沿弧段电子含量变化率指数AATR)监测北极高纬度区域电离层闪烁的准确性,并给出了ROTI和AATR在高纬度区域判断闪烁发生的经验阈值。结果表明,ROTI和AATR均能较为准确探测到地磁扰动、太阳活动等因素驱动的区域电离层闪烁,并能有效表征电离层闪烁统计学上的日变化规律,但两种闪烁因子不能准确区分闪烁和电离层电子密度梯度变化,导致在电子密度梯度变化剧烈期间存在较高虚警。该研究成果可为准确选择区域电离层闪烁监测因子提供指导。

High Level Radioactive Waste Disposal in China

The Chinese government has decided that the installed capacity of nuclear power plants(NPP)will reach 40 GW by the year of 2020,while other 18 GW under construction,and the electricity produced by NPPs will make up 4%of the whole installed capacity. In such case,the spent fuel generated from those NPPs will reach 82630 tons by 2050.The Chinese policy is that,the spent fuel from light water reactors will be reprocessed first,followed by verification and

Analysis of Adverse Reactions Related to Drugs and Vaccines Received at the National Centre for Pharmacovigilance from 2009 to 2016 in Togo

Objectives: To assess the received suspected adverse events occurring upon treatment with drugs and vaccines, at National Centre for Pharmacovigilance, in Togo, from 2009 to 2016. Methods: A crossover study was conducted in order to collect data about patients, drugs, suspected adverse events and notifiers. Suspected adverse events were classified using Med DRA 19.1. Notification’s circumstances were classified into Public Health Programs’ campaigns and routine practice. Data were collated into Excel spreadsheet and processed with SPSS software. Key Findings: Regional distribution is irregular. Of the 322 collected report forms, paramedics have notified 60.8% of the cases. Adult patients were the most represented (70.2%). Public Health Programs campaigns provided 72.6% versus 27.4% for routine practice including Neglected Tropical Diseases (41.4%), immunization (27.7%), tuberculosis (25.9%) and 4.5% for HIV. Skin disorders were the most prevalent suspected adverse events (147 sheets;45.7%) followed by general disorders and administration site disorders (29.8%) and gastro-intestinal disorders (12.7%). General anti-infective drugs for systemic use, antiparasites, and insecticides were the most reported class of medications (161 sheets;44.7%). Conclusions: A thorough follow-up of pharmacovigilance launched activities is needed to build a sustainable adverse effect’s surveillance system and routine practice has to be strengthened.

文旅融合智慧化背景下公共图书馆实践模式研究——以金陵图书馆“‘古韵金陵’Scratch 文化之旅”为例

[目的/意义]在文旅融合的背景下,各地公共图书馆都积极开展文旅融合活动,从初期的文化和旅游简单相加,到探索多元发展路径和服务模式,出现了很多可以借鉴的优秀案例。但公共图书馆的文旅融合实践还处于初级阶段,融合深度不足,模式单一,没有真正发挥各自的优势。本文通过对金陵图书馆的文旅融合案例进行解析,总结文旅融合的智慧化服务经验以供探讨。[方法/过程]采用文献综述的方法梳理了公共图书馆文旅融合的理论研究、发展路径和服务模式,以及国内外图书馆开展编程教育的经验。通过对金陵图书馆“‘古韵金陵’Scratch文化之旅”案例的分析,探讨如何借助新技术,结合编程教育开展智慧化服务,加深文旅融合深度。[结果/结论]公共图书馆开展文旅融合智慧化服务,应该加强与专业社会组织合作,提升馆员的专业素养;借助现代技术手段,利用现代技术开展智慧化服务;以活动为载体,充分挖掘地方文献中的优质内容,将地方优秀文化、旅游资源深度融合,让读者在活动中了解地方文化,提升信息素养。

Type 2 Diabetes Wellness Program in a Faith-Based Organization

In this practicum, the program objective is to improve the health of Joseph’s Storehouse food bank recipients’ community in the Blessing Center (New Hope Free Clinic and Joseph’s food bank), Redlands, California. The approach is to implement primary prevention and secondary prevention activity to increase knowledge and skills of the clients and their families of how to prevent and control type 2 diabetes through a wellness program in the clinic. The practicum began January 2015 and ended April 2015. 53 food bank recipients (non-diabetic and diabetic) were recruited. A quasi-experimental study design, pre-test/posttest, was used for the study. The impact of the program targeted diverse audience, high risk ethnic groups, and improved knowledge, awareness, management, and positive behavioral change. The study implication for public health promotion specialists is to narrow venues targeting the most vulnerable populations to promote and reduce type 2 diabetes.

China＇s Electricity Industry at the Crossroads： New Challenges for Developing the Right Model of Regulation

China is facing important challenges stemming from increasing rates of urbanization and aging population. To pursue its ＂harmonious society＂ objective without disrupting its path to development major overhauls are necessary in education, health, social security and above all in public services, particularly in electricity. China＇s electricity industry is at the crossroads. To meet the challenges, new models of regulation should be developed and applied. This paper examines the current state of the Chinese electricity industry and the burden it imposes on its public finances. It also reviews and critically examines the existing FIT （Europe） and RPS （USA） models of regulation and of promotion of renewable energies and advances on whether they are advantageous for China. It is argued that the electricity industry has already undergone important reforms but cross subsidies still exist, equivalent to 1.5% of China＇s GDP. Drastic rate rebalancing policies will create sustainability problems and a deterioration of China＇s public finances. To avoid such negative results, China has to further reform its electricity industry gradually and use wisely FIT-type programs to bring renewables into the grid and fulfill the Kyoto Protocol

Sustainable Futures： Comparing Methodologies for Analyzing Citizen Visions in Europe

There are increasing calls for engaging citizens in the development of future outlooks. At the same time, large-scale public engagement activities warrant appropriate methods for analyzing their outcomes. This paper reviews how topic modeling could provide such a methodology, which both accounts for all textual data collected in public engagement activities, however large in scope, yet also allows for meaningful topical analysis. It compares topic modeling results concerning a corpus of 179 citizen visions from 30 European countries on desirable and sustainable futures to those acquired through deliberative analysis. While both methodologies contend that European citizens＇ outlook consists of education, sustainability in the economy, health concerns, and fairness in communities, and the particular strengths of topic modeling relate to its documentability, repeatability, cost efficiency, and scalability. Topic modeling can also be considered to support public engagement analytically from the perspective of knowledge formation rather than that of common sense.

人工智能时代下程序设计类公共课的教学改革探索

针对程序设计类公共课的教学现状,探索在人工智能背景下程序设计公共课的改革思路。从公共课的角度出发,结合当前人工智能时代的发展趋势和程序设计课程的特点,对课程的教学内容、教学模式、考核方式、产教融合等进行改革探索,旨在提升学生人工智能时代的程序设计应用能力,让学生快速适应企业工程实践要求,培养更多高质量发展需要的人才。

重大突发公共卫生事件中的方舱医院建设情景重建研究

方舱医院建设是应对各类重大突发公共卫生事件的一项重要举措。现有研究大多从医学或政府管理视角定性地探讨方舱医院发挥的重要作用,还鲜有从情景重建视角研究方舱医院床位扩容的最优时空分布。本文首先构建针对重大突发公共卫生事件演化的SEIHRD模型,继而将方舱医院床位扩容问题构建为有限应急资源分配组合优化模型并设计免疫优化算法进行求解。测试结果显示,本文所给出的方舱医院床位扩容时空分布优化方案,能够对重大突发公共卫生事件中的方舱医院建设情景进行有效重建。方舱医院床位数量及其时间节点设置对累计感染者人数具有显著影响,这表明在疫情暴发初期尽早设立方舱医院,能够有效提升收治率、减少总感染人数。同时也要注意,应急救援资金投入存在阈值效应,需要设计合理的方舱医院床位扩容方案以避免应急预算资源的过度浪费。

加拿大公共图书馆的健康信息服务项目

调查分析加拿大公共图书馆开展健康信息服务现状,可为“健康中国”战略下公共图书馆全面推进健康信息服务提供借鉴。文章通过网络调研,从项目类型、主题内容、合作对象、项目特色等方面对14个公共图书馆的健康信息服务项目展开分析;建议我国公共图书馆从项目运行常态化、服务共建深度化、内容供给侧优化、健康服务精准化和打造健康生态圈等方面全面推进健康信息服务,以提高个人和社会的健康与福祉水平。

AIGC背景下高校计算机编程公共课的教育变革

伴随人工智能生成内容(AIGC,AI-Generated Content)的蓬勃发展,计算机编程教育迎来了巨大的变化与挑战。作为高等院校计算机编程公共课的教育工作者,要紧随技术迭代创新变化,充分重视,冷静应对,积极探索并思考在AIGC影响下如何转变教师的角色与定位,如何设定符合智能时代人才培养需求的教学目标和教学内容,并结合AIGC大胆尝试调整教学模式,探索出具有本校特色、结合学生实际发展需要的计算机编程公共课。

“以弱协强”何以成功?——基于“程序-认知”框架的案例研究

新世纪是“新公共管理运动”迈向“合作治理”的时代,然而合作不是自动发生的。在强制型合作背景下,弱势能部门采取哪些策略建立内部合法性,推动强势能部门“真诚合作”,现有文献尚未给予足够重视并深入探究具体的实现策略。因此,整合合作治理研究中相对割裂的政治学和组织管理的两种路径,将程序和认知这两种独立的路径整合为理解内部合法性的两个不同层面,从而构建起弱势能部门建立内部合法性的“程序—认知”分析框架,进而以X市学校体育场地设施对外开放政策的跨部门合作作为典型个案,探讨弱势能部门推动强势能部门合作过程中获取内部合法性的策略。案例研究结果表明,纵向权威、社会需求可以为弱势能部门带来较强的外部合法性,而内部合法性的建设则需经历对话参与、协商谈判和承诺协议等三重程序阶段,同时伴随共享认识、理解信任和内生认同三重认知层面的层层生发才得以实现。在“以弱协强”这一约束性情境中奏效的策略,将在约束条件放松或其他支持性条件下获得更为广阔的施展空间。

Python程序设计课程思政在公安教育中的创新与实践

文章以Python程序设计课程为例,探讨了公安大数据背景下课程思政教学改革的实施过程与成效。针对专业认知不足和实践能力不强等问题,提出了“守正创新·踔厉奋发”的课程思政体系。改革内容涵盖了课程思政体系的构建、知识讲授的创新、实践技能培养的强化以及创新能力提升的策略四个方面。通过这一系列的教学改革,学生的专业认同感、学习兴趣和创新能力得到提升。