General laws of funding for scientific citations:how citations change in funded and unfunded research between basic and applied sciences

Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.

Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020

Purpose:The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding(a main driver for scientific research)and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes a power law model to explore the relationship between research funding and citations of related papers.The study here analyzes 3,539 recorded documents by Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine and a broader dataset of 183,016 documents related to the fields of physics,medicine,and chemistry recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:Results reveal that in chemistry and medicine,funded researches published in papers of Nobel Laureates have higher citations than unfunded studies published in articles;vice versa high citations of Nobel Laureates in physics are for unfunded studies published in papers.Instead,when overall data of publications and citations in physics,chemistry and medicine are analyzed,all papers based on funded researches show higher citations than unfunded ones.Originality/value:Results clarify the driving role of research funding for science diffusion that are systematized in general properties:a)articles concerning funded researches receive more citations than(un)funded studies published in papers of physics,chemistry and medicine sciences,generating a high Matthew effect(a higher growth of citations with the increase in the number of papers);b)research funding increases the citations of articles in fields oriented to applied research(e.g.,chemistry and medicine)more than fields oriented towards basic research(e.g.,physics).Practical implications:The results here explain some characteristics of scientific development and diffusion,highlighting the critical role of research funding in fostering citations and the expansion of scientific knowledge.This finding can support decision-making of policymakers and R&D managers to improve the effectiveness in allocating financial resources in science policies to generate a higher positive scientific and societal impact.

A Study on the Funding Management of Agricultural Scientific Research Project in the New Situation

The agricultural scientific research project funding is an important prerequisite for the implementation of agricultural scientific research project,and an essential basic condition to support agricultural research. In recent years,China has paid great attention to the development of scientific research,and increased the input of scientific research funds,but there are some shortcomings in funding management during the implementation of the project. Based on many years of practice,this paper expounds the main problems in the current funding management for agricultural scientific research project,and brings forward the relevant recommendations,in order to provide a reference for the scientific management of agricultural scientific research project funding in the new situation.

Patients Involved in Funding Research.A Look Back at the Unique Experience of the ECLAIR Working Group of Canceropole CLARA

This article aims to share an innovative experience of organizing and funding research involving those most directly affected:patients.The“ECLAIR”working group of the Canceropole Lyon Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes(CLARA)was created at the end of 2020 with the goal of contributing to the development of a call for projects on the patient experience in oncology,which was launched in January 2021.Initially composed of 8 members,including 7 patients,coordinated by a project manager from CLARA,the ECLAIR working group actively participated in drafting the specifications of the call for projects,developing the eligibility criteria for applications,revising the evaluation and selection criteria for projects,and monitoring the selected projects.This experience was repeated twice.With significant freedom of action,the working group made two decisions that strongly demonstrate the commitment to supporting research partnerships and the active involvement of those affected:firstly,by making partnership a mandatory requirement for the eligibility of applications,and secondly,by conducting the selection of projects themselves,after an independent scientific evaluation phase.Seeking to shed light on the“black box”of partnership,the article also presents the concrete modalities of interaction among the working group members,the adjustments made between different editions of the call for projects,and the relationships maintained with CLARA.

Analytic Methods for Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part VI: Presentation in Research Gate, Journal Indexing, and Recognition

In the world of science, recognition of scientific performance is strongly correlated with publication visibility and interest generated among other researchers, which is evident by downloads and citations. A published paper’s number of downloads and citations are the best indices of its importance and are useful measures of the researchers’ performance. However, the published paper should be valuated and indexed independently, and the prestige of the journal in which it is published should not influence the value of the paper itself. By participating in and presenting at congresses and international meetings, scientists strongly increase the visibility of their results and recognition of their research;this also promotes their publications. Status in Research Gate (RG), the so-called RG Score, the Percentile, and the h-index give researchers feedback about their performance, or their place and prestige within the scientific community. RG has become an excellent tool for disseminating scientific results and connecting researchers worldwide. RG also allows researchers to present achievements other than publications (e.g., membership in recognized associations such as the American Chemist Society, a biography in Marquis Who’s Who in the World, awards received, and/or ongoing projects). This paper discusses questions regarding how the RG Score, Percentile, and h-index are calculated, whether these methods are correct, and alternative criteria. RG also lists papers with falsified results and the journals that publish them. Thus, it may be appropriate to reduce the indices for such journals, authors, and the institutions with which these authors are affiliated.

On Agricultural Scientific Research Institutions Supporting and Serving Technological Innovation Entities

This paper firstly analyzed current situation of agricultural technological innovation system in China and obstacles restricting agricultural enterprises to become technological innovation entities. It discussed exploration and practice of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in supporting and serving technological innovation entities. Finally,it came up with ideas and approaches for supporting and serving technological innovation entities in the new trend,to provide a new idea and practice for agricultural scientific research institute supporting and serving technological innovation entities.

Network Analysis of Research Project Members in Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research in Japan

The researcher network that appeared in research projects funded by the Japanese government was analyzed. Several static and dynamic network analysis methods were applied to the data for 20 years to explore the fine structure of the researcher’s network for grants. Our analysis shows that the long-term trend of researchers’ group sizes has become smaller, particularly rapidly decreasing in recent years. Some findings on researcher behavior in joining a project have also been reported.

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation： A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Purpose： First, to review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations to scientific literature （scientific non-patent references, SNPRs）. Second, to present a novel mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited by and referring to the SNPRs. Design/methodology/approach： In the review part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science and technology interface and of technological progress in interaction with science. In the second part we apply new techniques for the direct visualization of the cited and citing relations of SNPRs, the mapping of the landscape around SNPRs by bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, and the mapping of the conceptual environment of SNPRs by keyword co-occurrence analysis. Findings： We discuss several properties of SNPRs. Only a small minority of publications covered by the Web of Science or Scopus are cited by patents, about 3%-4%. However, for publications based on university-industry collaboration the number of SNPRs is considerably higher, around 15%. The proposed mapping methodology based on a ＂second order SNPR approach＂ enables a better assessment of the technological relevance of research. Research limitations： The main limitation is that a more advanced merging of patent and publication data, in particular unification of author and inventor names, in still a necessity. Practical implications： The proposed mapping methodology enables the creation of a database of technology-relevant papers （TRPs）. In a bibliometric assessment the publications of research groups, research programs or institutes can be matched with the TRPs and thus the extent to which the work of groups, programs or institutes are relevant for technological development can be measured. Originality/value： The review part examines a wide range of findings in the research of patent citation analysis. The mapping approach to identify a broad range of technologyrelevant papers is novel and offers new opportunities in research evaluation practices.

Does Monetary Support Increase the Number of Scientific Papers？ An Interrupted Time Series Analysis

Purpose： One of the main indicators of scientific production is the number of papers published in scholarly journals. Turkey ranks 18th place in the world based on the number of scholarly publications. The objective of this paper is to find out if the monetary support program initiated in 1993 by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council （TUBITAK） to incentivize researchers and increase the number, impact, and quality of international publications has been effective in doing so.Design/methodology/approach： We analyzed some 390,000 publications with Turkish affiliations listed in the Web of Science （WoS） database between 1976 and 2015 along with about 157,000 supported ones between 1997 and 2015. We used the interrupted time series （ITS） analysis technique （also known as ＂quasi-experimental time series analysis＂ or ＂intervention analysis＂） to test if TOBITAK＇s support program helped increase the number of publications. We defined ARIMA （1,1,0） model for ITS data and observed the impact of TOBiTAK＇s support program in 1994, 1997, and 2003 （after one, four and 10 years of its start, respectively）. The majority of publications （93%） were full papers （articles）, which were used as the experimental group while other types of contributions functioned as the control group. We also carried out a multiple regression analysis.Findings： TUBITAK＇s support program has had negligible effect on the increase of the number of papers with Turkish affiliations. Yet, the number of other types of contributions continued to increase even though they were not well supported, suggesting that TUBITAK＇s support program is probably not the main factor causing the increase in the number of papers with Turkish affiliations. Research limitations： Interrupted time series analysis shows if the ＂intervention＂ has had any significant effect on the dependent variable but it does not explain what caused the increase in the number of papers if it was not the intervention. Moreover, except the＂intervention＂, other ＂event（s）＂ that might affect the time series data （e.g., increase in the number of research personnel over the years） should not occur during the period of analysis, a prerequisite that is beyond the control of the researcher. Practical implications： TUBITAK＇s ＂cash-for-publication＂ program did not seem to have direct impact on the increase of the number of papers published by Turkish authors, suggesting that small amounts of payments are not much of an incentive for authors to publish more. It might perhaps be a better strategy to concentrate limited resources on a few high impact projects rather than to disperse them to thousands of authors as ＂micropayments.＂ Originality/value： Based on 25 years＇ worth of payments data, this is perhaps one of the first large-scale studies showing that ＂cash-for-publication＂ policies or ＂piece rates＂ paid to researchers tend to have little or no effect on the increase of researchers＇ productivity. The main finding of this paper has some implications for countries wherein publication subsidies are used as an incentive to increase the number and quality of papers published in international journals. They should be prepared to consider reviewing their existing support programs （based usually on bibliometric measures such as journal impact factors） and revising their reward policies.

Policy Research in a Complex Context

Today’s world is characterized by uncertainty and complexity. While examining the importance of research in such a context, the paper attempts to outline a first definition of the role and potential of policy research. The policy process itself has become increasingly complex and non linear, as has its relationship with research. Consequently, policy researchers’ contributions to policymakers may not have a direct, punctual and immediate influence on single issues, but rather a more pervasive, interactive, deliberative effect. Focusing on the theoretical definition of the risk, uncertainty and complexity of the policy process today, the paper outlines some questions and puts forward possible answers which offer a starting point for further analysis. It explores a new role for policy research and underlines the opportunities offered by argumentative, deliberative and multidisciplinary approaches which can positively impact democracy.

Intervention Research and Support Systems for People Affected by Cancer and Their Families:Results of a Descriptive Analysis

Population health intervention research(PHIR)was initiated in the field of primary prevention by proposing a research paradigm focusing on intervention and the theory of solutions.The intervention was coconstructed with the stakeholders as part of a global approach until its deployment in the local area.The development of PHIR raises the question of its application to tertiary prevention.This study proposes some initial thoughts on the similarities and specificities of PHIR projects-funded by the French National Cancer Institute(INCa)-of support systems for people affected by cancer and their families,which were based on a descriptive analysis.The selected projects were obtained from the databases of PHIR projects funded from 2010 to 2021,which included 72 projects to which the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied.A descriptive analysis was carried out for each project using the application files and the interim or final reports sent to INCa.A total of 30 projects were selected,half of which were in the public health field.Almost all of the projects involved a university–hospital partnership,and one-third involved healthcare professionals and patients in the research process.Patient involvement was classified into four types,which were linked to the supporting structure and the target population.The main themes of the projects were quality of life and adapted physical activity,which were assessed in hospitals through randomized controlled trials targeting specific cancers.Research has revealed several specificities and similarities between support systems for people affected by cancer and their families developed in PHIR projects;however,these support systems vary widely,and PHIR in tertiary prevention can be conducted in several ways.Any modeling of the systems is complicated;PHIR is evolving in its application and is the subject of research and evaluation.

National Lists of Scholarly Publication Channels: An Overview and Recommendations for Their Construction and Maintenance

Purpose: This paper presents an overview of different kinds of lists of scholarly publication channels and of experiences related to the construction and maintenance of national lists supporting performance-based research funding systems. It also contributes with a set of recommendations for the construction and maintenance of national lists of journals and book publishers.Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on analysis of previously published studies, policy papers, and reported experiences related to the construction and use of lists of scholarly publication channels. Findings: Several countries have systems for research funding and/or evaluation, that involve the use of national lists of scholarly publication channels(mainly journals and publishers). Typically, such lists are selective(do not include all scholarly or non-scholarly channels) and differentiated(distinguish between channels of different levels and quality). At the same time, most lists are embedded in a system that encompasses multiple or all disciplines. This raises the question how such lists can be organized and maintained to ensure that all relevant disciplines and all types of research are adequately represented. Research limitation: The conclusions and recommendations of the study are based on the authors' interpretation of a complex and sometimes controversial process with many different stakeholders involved.Practical implications: The recommendations and the related background information provided in this paper enable mutual learning that may feed into improvements in the construction and maintenance of national and other lists of scholarly publication channels in any geographical context. This may foster a development of responsible evaluation practices.Originality/value: This paper presents the first general overview and typology of different kinds of publication channel lists, provides insights on expert-based versus metrics-based evaluation, and formulates a set of recommendations for the responsible construction and maintenance of publication channel lists.

医院科研投入的变化趋势及相关性分析

目的 探讨随着时间的推移,医院对科研的兴趣程度的变化趋势以及经费投入的情况,并分析相关性,为医院科研活动的规划和发展提供参考。方法 采用数据分析的方法,包括折线图、饼图和散点图等可视化工具,对潍坊医学院附属医院2018—2022年的科研活动数据进行分析和比较。结果 2018—2022年科研活动数据分析中,医院对科研的投入呈逐年增长趋势。2018—2022年,立项经费从(25.437±13.075)万元增长至(44.618±25.999)万元,而经费合计从(38.453±15.591)万元上升到(68.143±29.157)万元。在所有的经费分配中,校级项目占据了主导地位,其在总经费中的占比达到了52.6%。进一步的统计学分析显示,立项经费与经费合计之间的相关系数高达0.86,证实两者之间存在正相关性。结论 医院对科研的重视程度逐渐增加,从而导致科研项目的经费投入逐年增加,课题数量也逐年增加。校级项目在经费分配中占据了主导地位。立项经费与经费合计之间存在强正相关关系。因此,在制订经费预算时,需要考虑项目的研究内容和需求,以确保合理的经费分配。

公立医院科研经费管理与内部审计探讨

公立医院科研经费管理存在诸多问题,包括科研制度不完善、项目执行进度慢、缺乏约束性和规范性、结题不结账等。这些问题不仅影响了科研工作的进展和质量,还可能引发财务风险。为了解决这些问题,需要建立科研项目资金管理体系,从申报、立项、中验、结题到结账全生命周期进行有效管理。内部审计作为公立医院的“免疫系统”,对医院科研经费进行有效监督管理,保障医院科研管理经费使用效能。通过完善科研制度、规范项目执行进度、加强经费管理、内部控制和风险管理等措施,推动公立医院科研工作的高质量发展。此外,也是重要的手段,通过建立以风险控制为导向的科研项目全过程管理体系,可以有效降低医院经济经营活动中发生风险的几率。

三级公立医院绩效考核背景下科技创新能力提升策略实践探索

科技创新是公立医院高质量发展的重要抓手。当前,医院青年人才科研起步难、交叉研究落地难、研究成果转化难等问题,制约了医院科技创新能力的提升。浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院积极响应医改政策,以问题为导向,探索并实践科技创新能力提升策略,从科研绩效评价制度改革、临床青年科技创新人才培养、科技创新平台建设、科技成果转化机制完善等方面,全方位推进医院科技创新体制机制建设,推动科技创新能力整体提升,取得了初步成效。有关实践经验可以为三级公立医院可持续高质量发展提供参考。

大型三级公立医院科研管理系统的设计与应用研究

目的针对传统科研管理存在的科技资源协同难度大、信息记录自动化程度低、项目动态把控能力弱等问题,设计适用于本院各类角色的科研管理系统以满足三级公立医院高质量发展的需要。方法自主研发一款基于B/S架构的医院科研管理软件,包括用户模块、后台信息存储模块和功能模块,实现科研项目管理、经费管理、成果管理、人才管理、绩效考核等功能,将科研管理日常事务完全信息化、智能化和档案化。结果通过建立一套符合本院科研管理需求的综合性科研管理平台,实现了效率提升、成本控制、用户满意度提升3个方面的成效。结论自主研发的系统流程清晰,功能全面实用,操作简便,提高了三级公立医院在创新医疗机制改革中的科研管理效率。

中国石油科技创新基金管理机制优化策略

中国石油为支持基础研究、加强科技创新,1993年设立科技创新基金,主要面向高等院校和各大科研院所的中青年科技人才,构建开放的科技创新生态。经过30年发展,资助经费超3亿元,已成为高校和中国石油共同提升基础研究能力的创新平台。近年来,中国石油加快推进基础研究工作,进一步健全基金资助体系,对科技创新基金进行科研管理范式变革显得更为迫切。面对新时代学科发展需要、国家对国企开展基础研究的新要求、科研管理信息化发展等趋势与挑战,中国石油科技创新基金稳步推进“明确项目资助导向、完善项目资助体系、优化科技成果转化”三大核心改革任务,从指南体系、资助形式、人才团队建设、成果转化应用方面,探索创新发展的管理新机制。同时建设信息管理平台,开发科技创新基金系统,实现项目全流程管理,进一步促进了科研管理新机制与信息化的融合。

中国学者论文被引频次与基金项目资助关系探究

为探究论文被引频次与基金资助之间的关系,选取中国学者2017年发表在中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)和科学引文索引扩展版(SCI-E)数据库收录期刊的论文,分析了不同基金项目资助条件下论文被引频次的幂律分布规律。基金论文的被引频次整体上高于非基金论文,但具体提升程度与研究方向有关。对学者而言没有必要在一篇论文后挂多个基金项目,对期刊而言不需要过度追求基金论文比,这两个指标与被引频次之间均未呈现出正相关性。应客观看待基金项目的作用,加强期刊评价研究,全面评价论文、期刊的质量和影响力,规范基金项目标注,合理利用基金论文比指标,坚守科技期刊办刊本心。受模型和数据限制,零被引的长尾论文及人文学科论文的基金项目资助作用规律尚未得到有效揭示。

高质量发展视域下我国医院临床医生科研状况、影响因素及应对策略

目的了解我国医院临床医生群体的科研状况及影响因素,探讨高质量发展背景下临床科研人才的规划与建设。方法选取我国东部、中部、西部8个省/自治区/直辖市,采用分层整群抽样法纳入40家医院,医院类型涵盖省级/市级/县级公立综合医院、公立中医医院、民营医院。调查临床医生开展科研工作的状况,应用二元Logistic回归模型分析临床医生参与科研工作的影响因素,并分析临床医生对科研困难的认知情况。结果共纳入3274名临床医生,50.3%的临床医生参与科研工作,91.3%的临床医生有明确的职业发展规划,其中将参与科研工作作为职业发展首要选择的临床医生占47.2%。性别、年龄、技术职称、医院类型、医院级别、对卫生技术人员职称评审实行成果代表作制度的赞同度、职业发展机会和平台可影响临床医生的科研工作参与情况(P<0.05)。临床医生在开展科研工作过程中面临的难题主要是临床业务繁重(占86.9%),其次是缺乏研究团队(占56.4%)、科研与临床脱节(占55.4%)。结论我国临床医生群体有明确的职业发展规划,但科研工作参与度一般,且面临着“临床业务繁重”“缺乏研究团队”等限制因素。建议二/三级公立医院要将科技创新作为重点任务,注重发挥科研工作对医疗服务高质量发展的重要支撑作用,持续推进研究型医院建设;公立医院要建立健全科研人才规划,完善科技人才培养、使用、评价和激励机制。

省级公益类科研院所创新绩效评估及实证研究

在深化完善科研院所分类改革背景下,构建以创新质量和贡献为导向的包括创新基础、创新产出、成果转化、履职定位、创新环境在内的公益类科研院所创新绩效评价指标体系,并基于山西省省属科研院所数据,对三类科研院所创新绩效进行测度。研究发现:(1)公益一类、公益二类、转制事业单位三类科研院所在职责任务、服务对象和资源配置上存在着较大不同,绩效评价重点也因之变化;(2)比较创新绩效差异性,三类院所在履职定位和创新环境方面得分较为均衡,而在成果转化、创新产出、创新基础3个指标呈现较大差异;(3)省级公益类科研院所在基础设施、创新平台、高层次人才、创新产出、科技成果转化方面有待改善。基于此,针对不同类型科研院所创新绩效水平提升提出策略,以期为地方科研事业单位创新绩效改革提供决策依据。