Natural resource dependence, public education investment,and human capital accumulation

This paper examines the relationships between natural resource dependence, public education investment, and human capital accumulation. It addresses why the “blessing” of abundant natural resources often turns into a “curse” in many countries and regions, focusing on the crowding-out effect of natural resources on human capital. According to our empirical analysis of provincial panel data from China, natural resource dependence is significantly and negatively correlated with human capital accumulation. The crowding-out effect of natural resources on human capital exists only in the central and western regions of China. Our introduction of an interaction term for natural resource dependence and public education investment underscores the possibility of investing in public education to reduce the crowding-out effect of natural resource dependence on human capital. The government should utilize the income of the natural resource sector to increase investment in education to enhance local human capital.

Research on the Current Situation and Development Path of Public Art Education in Contemporary Colleges and Universities

Colleges and universities are an important stage of“moral cultivation”and they are the key to cultivate talents,which play an indispensable role in public art education.Public art education in colleges and universities plays an important role in cultivating college students’aesthetic ability,cognitive ability,innovation ability,etc.,but there are still development difficulties in the aspects of development concept,cultural practice,system implementation,etc.Problems in the development process should be solved.It is necessary for colleges and universities to carry out systematic reform from the aspects of public art education policy support system,curriculum teaching system,teacher team system,art activity system,etc.Clarifying the orientation of public art education in colleges and universities,allocating public art education teachers,scientifically setting up public art education curriculum system,and promoting cultural inheritance and innovation are the current exploration paths for the development of public art education in colleges and universities.

Integrating Online Teaching into Public Physical Education - Taking Vocational Colleges in Chongqing as Examples

With China’s comprehensive development of information technology,it is now widely used in the field of higher vocational education,and online teaching has emerged at a critical juncture.In the information age,there are challenges in meeting the actual needs of contemporary vocational students with traditional teaching methods,along with higher vocational training and school-enterprise cooperation and enrollment work taking place.Online teaching can stimulate students’interest in learning,break the limitation of time and space in conventional teaching,as well as improve the teaching efficiency.Therefore,taking higher vocational colleges in Chongqing as an example,this study explores the integration of online teaching into public physical education courses,in hope to provide some reference for higher vocational colleges.

A Study on Improving the Teaching Ability of College Physical Education Teachers From the Perspective of OBE

This paper analyzes the current situation of college teachers’teaching organization ability based on teaching implementation by using the literature method and inductive deduction method,and summarizes the factors affecting the teaching ability of college public physical education teachers,in order to provide references for the improvement of the teaching effect of college physical education,and help the implementation of the national strategy of healthy China and sports power.The teaching implementation of physical education teachers in colleges and universities is mainly affected by the drafting of teaching objectives,teaching design,teaching evaluation,and other factors.The teaching workload makes teachers tired of teaching preparation,teaching design fails to think deeply about the major and learning situation,teaching evaluation method is single,and other phenomena.In view of the problems in the implementation of the curriculum,it is proposed to participate in education and teaching training to update the educational concept,regularly carry out teaching and research activities to improve the teaching organization ability,and write teaching logs to improve the ability of sustainable development.

陕西建设教育强省的环境分析与对策

论述了教育强省的特征、发展目标以及陕西建设教育强省的战略意义,并从目前陕西教育事业发展存在的主要问题出发,提出了财政支持陕西教育强省建设的若干对策:(1)加大省级财政对教育发展的投入力度,建立和完善教育投入长效保障机制;(2)提高经费保障水平,促进陕西基础教育均衡发展;(3)大力发展职业教育,努力提高职业学校办学水平与活力;(4)加大对高等教育的投入力度,积极推动陕西高校为地方社会经济发展服务;(5)积极推动高校面向陕西经济社会发展需要,为建设创新型陕西提供优质人力资源;(6)进一步推动高校产学研合作,为提升陕西经济竞争力当好主力军;(7)建立和完善家庭经济困难学生的教育救助制度;(8)加强经费管理,提高使用效益。

A critical review of national physical activity policies relating to children and young people in England

Background:There has been an increasing focus on the importance of national policy to address population levels of physical inactivity.It has been suggested that the 4 cornerstones of policy comprise(1)national guidelines on physical activity(PA),(2)setting population goals and targets,(3)surveillance or health-monitoring systems,and(4)public education.The current study aimed to review the policy actions that have addressed each of these elements for children and youth in England and to identify areas of progress and remaining challenges.Methods:A literature search was undertaken to identify past and present documents relevant to PA policy for children and youth in England.Each document was analyzed to identify content relevant to the 4 cornerstones of policy.Results:Physical activity guidelines(Cornerstone 1)for children and youth have been in place since 1998 and reviewed periodically.Physical activity targets(Cornerstone 2)have focussed on the provision of opportunities for PA,mainly through physical education in schools rather than in relation to the proportion of children meeting recommended PA levels.There has been much surveillance(Cornerstone 3)of children’s PA,but this has been undertaken infrequently over time and with varying inclusions of differing domains of activity.There has been only 1 campaign(Cornerstone 4)that targeted children and their intermediaries,Change4Life,which was an obesity campaign focussing on dietary behavior in combination with PA.Most recently,a government infographic supporting the PA guidelines for children and young people was developed,but details of its dissemination and usage are unknown.Conclusion:There have been many developments in national PA policy in England targeted to children and young people.The area of most significant progress is national PA guidelines.Establishing prevalence targets,streamlining surveillance systems,and investing in public education with supportive policies,environments,and opportunities would strengthen national policy efforts to increase PA and reduce sedentary behavior.

Mapping Seasonal Variation in the Distribution and Concentration of Heavy Metals Using Water Quality Index and Geographic Information Sys­tem Based Applications

Incessant monitoring of water is essential in terms of heavy metals and tox­ic substances as it provides detailed information on aquatic resources.Ma­jority of lagoons receive freshwater from their catchment areas containing industrial and domestic waste.The paper analysed seasonal variations in the distribution and concentrations of Lead(Pb),Copper(Cu),Cadmium(Cd),and Manganese(Mn)in the Fosu lagoon in Ghana to ascertain the quality of the lagoon.Water was sampled from eighteen(18)different points on the lagoon and was analysed at the Water Research Institute(WRI)of the Center for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)using Atomic Absorp­tion Spectrometry(AAS)and the results were interpolated using kriging.The results obtained were compared with the World Health Organisation water quality index.Statistical analysis of heavy metal concentrations using Pearson’s two-tailed significance correlation showed positive correlations for both seasons;between Pb and Cu(0.297;sig.=0.232,and 0.196;sig.=0.436),and Cd and Mn(0.119;sig.=0.643 and 0.191;sig.=0.447)for the wet and dry seasons respectively.A paired sample t-test on concen­trations also showed statistical differences between wet and dry seasons’concentrations for Pb(t=1.324;sig.=0.203),Cu(t=2.759;sig.=0.013),and Cd(t=3.056;sig.=0.007),and Mn(t=-4.014;sig.=0.001).Pb and Cd showed higher concentrations above the World Health Organisation's permissible limits.Heavy metal concentrations of water samples analysed varied widely in terms of seasons and sampling points.

Raising Awareness about Water Issues:The Role of Water Symbolism and Proverbs

Sustainable water management is one of the global grand challenges of our time. Tackling this challenge through corrective actions would require the participation of the general public, a public with sound awareness of the challenge and commitment. One such awareness raising intervention could be through the use of water symbolism and proverbs, targeted to particular society. Water has the different symbolism and levels of importance to people, depending of their personal characteristics and socio-demographic factors (e.g. gender, age, occupation, residence). Similarly, water proverbs can also demonstrate attitudes towards water among communities, ethnic groups and whole nations. Such meanings and symbolism could help determine attitude and be a powerful tool towards education. In this context, we describe and propose a psychological Health Belief Model (HBM) as a way to explain behaviour and stimulate sustainable water management practice.

An Evaluation of the Investment for Child Development in China

Objective This study estimated the investment in child development from three aspects-public health, public education, and family investment to establish the level of investment, to provide reference information for government decision making and to provide international comparisons. Methods Public investment in health was measured with macro data related to public health spending and child development in government expenditure. Public education investment was based on basic education data. Family investment evaluation was based on per capita family consumer spending data in different age groups to estimate the input for child development. Results Both public health investment level and the proportion of GDP rose for all age groups over time, but the overall investment level was still insufficient. Public investment in children＇s education has increased year by year, but the trends in all age groups are unbalanced with much lower investment in early childhood education. Private investment in children has increased over the period, but has declined as a percentage of GDP. International comparisons show that China＇s investment in child development is much lower than OECD countries. Conclusion The private investment in child development was the main way in China, with public finance contributing only a small proportion. Given the poor international comparisons, the government needs to review the balance of public investment to redirect more towards the development of children under the age of six to their health and education.

Modeling the role of public health education in Ebola virus disease outbreaks in Sudan

Public involvement in Ebola Virus Disease(EVD)prevention efforts is key to reducing disease outbreaks.Targeted education through practical health information to particular groups and sub-populations is crucial to controlling the disease.In this paper,we study the dynamics of Ebola virus disease in the presence of public health education with the aim of assessing the role of behavior change induced by health education to the dynamics of an outbreak.The power of behavior change is evident in two outbreaks of EVD that took place in Sudan only 3 years apart.The first occurrence was the first documented outbreak of EVD and produced a significant number of infections.The second outbreak produced far fewer cases,presumably because the population in the region learned from the first outbreak.We derive a system of ordinary differential equations to model these two contrasting behaviors.Since the population in Sudan learned from the first outbreak of EVD and changed their behavior prior to the second outbreak,we use data from these two instances of EVD to estimate parameters relevant to two contrasting behaviors.We then simulate a future outbreak of EVD in Sudan using our model that contains two susceptible populations,one being more informed about EVD.Our finding show how a more educated population results in fewer cases of EVD and highlights the importance of ongoing public health education.

The analysis of a drug transmission model with family education and public health education

In this paper,we formulate a six dimensional drug transmission model to study the effect of family education and public health education.The dynamical behaviors of the model are discussed in terms of the basic reproduction number R0.By constructing Lyapunov functions,we obtain the drug-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if R0≤1 and the drug addiction equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if R0>1.Sensitivity analyses are performed to seek for effective control measures for drug spread.The analysis show that both the family and public health education can influence the spread of drug transmission.However,the combination of family and public health education is more effective to reduce the prevalence of drugs.Some numerical simulations are given to confirm the obtained theoretical results.

An inspection on the Gini coefficient of the budget educational public expenditure per student for China's basic education

Using statistical data on the implementing conditions of China's educational expenditure published by the state,this paper studies the Gini coefficient of the budget educational public expenditure per student in order to examine the concentration degree of the educational expenditure for China's basic education and analyze its balanced development condition.As the research shows,China's basic education is undergoing an unbalanced development due to diversified factors,which is mainly reflected as follows:firstly,the budget educational public expenditure presents a four-tiered appearance of the strong,the less strong,the less weak and the weak,which lead to a great discrepancy between the two opposing extremes;secondly,the compulsory education in rural areas is still confronted with great difficulties;thirdly,the general senior secondary education is loaded with the crisis of unbalance.Therefore,it is necessary to construct a balanced development policy framework of the basic education and pay close attention to the benefit and effectiveness of the educational input.In addition,it is also important to clearly stipulate the criterion of the government's educational allocation and to support the disadvantaged areas in order to promote the balanced development of the basic education.

Discussion on the Construction of Ecological Water Network in Guangxi Province of China

The water network plays an important role in maintaining the stability of regional water resource and ecological environment.It is also affecting the harmonious development between environment and economy.Guangxi is one of the provinces with relatively rich water resources in China,while the ecological water network exists deficiencies and faces challenges.The current situation and defects of ecological water network in Guangxi province will be discussed.By studying the experience of the establishing and the preserve of ecological water network in various regions at home and abroad,some suggestions and targeted measures will be mentioned for a better ecological water network in Guangxi.

Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and County-Level Education Expenditure in China

Purpose-The purpose of the paper is to investigate the impact of various types of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on local public education expenditure at the county level in China and to estimate the leakage of categorical subsidies for rural compulsory education.Design/Approach/Methods-It is a quantitative study.The paper constructs a quantile regression model and adopt data collected in 2007 for 1,985 counties in China to examine the impact of relevant fiscal transfers.Findings-The results reveal that most intergovernmental fiscal transfers exert a substitution effect on the local education expenditure,whereas subsidies for rural compulsory education from the Central Government have a crowding-out effect on education investments from local financial resources.Although the subsidy program generally narrows the education expenditure disparity across counties,there are heterogeneous effects across different regions.Originality/Value-The paper estimates and compares the impact of fiscal transfers on both the level and disparity of local public education in different regions,and provides a possible explanation for the crowding-out effect of fiscal transfers in China.