Factors influencing self-efficacy in breastfeeding support among public health nurses in Japan

This study investigated self-efficacy in breastfeeding support among public health nurses (PHNs) working at maternal and child health (MCH) services in Japanese municipalities, and its related factors such as education, working experience, breastfeeding experience, and postgraduate/continuous education. Directors of the MCH divisions were requested to select one PHN to answer the self-report questionnaires sent. The questionnaires were collected from October 2010 to January 2011. Of the 1750 questionnaires sent, 831 were returned (response rate: 47.5%);102 were excluded from analysis because of missing data (valid response rate: 41.7%). After adjusting the weights of PHN sampling and collection rates by prefecture and population size, Model 1 of the multiple regression analysis showed that the self-efficacy in breastfeeding support was significantly higher in large/urban municipalities (β = 0.13) and in the Kanto district. Model 2 revealed that self-efficacy was significantly associated with working experience (β = 0.13) and breastfeeding experience (β = 0.22) but not with educational background. Model 3 showed that self-efficacy was significantly associated with postgraduate education (β = 0.14) and continuous education (β = 0.12). This suggested that PHNs’ self-efficacy increased through self-enrichment. It is necessary to create training opportunities about breastfeeding support for PHNs—especially those working in remote and/or small municipalities— and to provide them with new and important information.

Qualitative Study of Breastfeeding Support by Public Health Nurses in Japan

This study aimed to explore breastfeeding support by public health nurses (PHNs) working in Japanese municipalities in order to promote a breastfeeding-friendly environment. We interviewed 20 participants including five PHNs, four midwives, four doctors (one obstetrician and three pediatricians), and seven mothers who experienced breastfeeding between June and August 2010 and analyzed the data using content analysis. Collected data were classified into four categories including “collecting information”, “assessment”, “direct and individual support”, and “support for group and community” with 15 subcategories: infant’s condition, mother’s condition, mother-infant relationship, child rearing environment, mother’s state-of-mind, identifying necessary support, psychological support, concrete support, breastfeeding on demand, necessary information, advice to supporters, introducing services, breastfeeding-friendly environment, breastfeeding support groups and cooperation with relevant organization. This study suggested that the PHNs’ responsibilities for breastfeeding support should be extended beyond the currently understood scope of their duties. The study demonstrated that PNH needed to create a breastfeeding-friendly environment that included networking with breast care support organizations and peer groups and to promote breastfeeding in public areas including the workplace.

Designing a Scale to Assess Breastfeeding Support among Public Health Nurses in Japan

Background: Promoting breastfeeding support by public health nurses (PHN) requires first that the support which they currently provide to be assessed. However, there is no assessment tool for this purpose. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a scale to assess breastfeeding support currently provided by PHN. Methods: We developed the Practice of Breastfeeding Support Scale (PBSS) for PHN based on the results of a previous study. The content validity of the PBSS was established through discussion with three other researchers. A pilot study was conducted to confirm face validity. To confirm reliability and validity, an anonymous, self-reported questionnaire was sent to PHN working in municipal offices. The statistical analyses included the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Barlett’s Test of Sphericity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach’s alpha and correlation coefficient. Results: 768 PHN participated in this study. Cronbach’s alpha of PBSS was 0.85. The KMO measure was 0.892, and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity was p Conclusion: The reliability and validity of PBSS were confirmed. These findings suggested that the PBSS has the potential to help promote breastfeeding support by PHN by clarifying their current breastfeeding support practices and related factors.

Support Provided by Public Health Nurses for Fathers Who Have Abused Their Children—As Observed in Cases of Child Neglect and Physical or Psychological Abuse

This study aims to identify the support to provide to fathers who have abused children as reported by public health nurses (PHNs). In this study, a qualitative descriptive design was applied to the data analysis. Interviewees were 10 public health nurses (PHNs) in charge of child abuse services for at least 5 years at public health centers. The study analyzed 13 cases reported in the interviews. Measures to support fathers who abuse their children as suggested by PHNs were classified into direct support to the father, support to other family members, and support to be provided by others involved including related organizations. The direct support to the father includes “gaining an in-depth understanding of the abusive situation and psychological states of those involved”, “refraining from involvement in areas where it is difficult to understand the personality of the father”, and others. Support of other family members includes “understanding the marital relationship and assessing the qualities of the relationship”, “refraining from matters that will involve divorce”, and others. Support to be provided by others including related organizations includes “understanding the value of social exchange and assessment of the ability to create and maintain interpersonal relationships”, “establishing support arrangements to enable intervention when necessary”, and others. The interviews report that PHNs arrange support measures that enable intervention as it becomes required, and that this enables learning about child-abuse preventing activities.

领悟社会支持对突发公共卫生事件中一线人员正念干预效用中的中介效应

目的研究正念干预在突发公共卫生事件中一线人员中的效果,并考察领悟社会支持在正念干预效用中的中介效应。方法选择2021年3月至2022年4月在医院一线工作的200名医务人员为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组100名。对照组给予常规心理干预,观察组给予正念干预。干预后比较两组医护人员的正念水平、领悟社会支持能力、睡眠质量和心理情况。分析以上四者之间的相关性,采用中介效应模型分析领悟社会支持在正念干预效用中的中介效应。结果干预后,观察组医护人员的正念水平和领悟社会支持量表评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组分别为(89.59±8.45)分和(88.48±8.53)分,对照组分别为(71.35±7.47)分和(76.34±7.58)分。观察组医护人员的睡眠质量和焦虑-抑郁-压力量表评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),分别为(7.35±1.24)分和(16.46±2.29)分,对照组分别为(13.56±2.31)分和(29.48±3.05)分。医护人员的正念水平与领悟社会能力呈正相关,两者分别与焦虑-抑郁-压力和睡眠质量呈负相关。领悟社会支持在正念水平和正念干预效果中发挥中介效应,正念与睡眠质量的总效应值为-0.347,与焦虑之间为-0.439,与抑郁之间为-0.508,与压力之间为-0.395。结论正念干预能可直接或通过领悟社会支持能力间接作用,显著提高突发公共卫生事件中一线人员改善其睡眠质量及负面情绪,具有重要临床应用价值。

突发公共卫生事件下社区应急医疗资源保障系统建设策略研究

面对突发公共卫生事件,社区存在应急机制建立不完善、应急处置能力与信息化建设有待提高、社区风险意识不足等问题。通过借鉴国外应急医疗资源保障系统的建设经验,提出构建多方参与的应急保障机制、建立社区应急医疗物资的社会化储备制度、建立事后恢复机制、制定社区应急医疗保障人员及能力、应急医疗物资储备清单、医疗卫生风险清单等策略建议。

平时与战时:应对重大突发公共卫生事件的科技支撑能力

基于平时和战时全视角,探索应对重大突发公共卫生事件的科技支撑能力本质。首先,总结科技支撑应对新冠感染的典型,指出科技支撑平时和战时的双元特性;其次,进一步从平时、战时及嵌入关系层面对科技支撑能力及其发挥的作用进行解构,构建科技支撑应对突发公共危机的全过程管理模型;最后,从多方面提出提升科技支撑能力的路径和对策,以拓展科技支撑能力相关研究,为完善应急管理科技支撑体系提供理论与实践指导。

论突发公共卫生危机下应急物资保障之府际协同治理机制的完善

突发公共卫生危机呈现“跨域性”特征,所带来的“负外部性”亟待通过构建府际协同机制来解决。分析L市地方政府应对该危机时的表现,从纵向与横向研析该危机防控下府际协同治理的实践,发现地方政府面临应急物资保障的困境,提出当以府际协同治理为依托来保障应急物资之可及的现实路径。

重大公共卫生事件下西安市采供血情况纵向对比分析及启发

目的探讨重大公共卫生事件下西安市采供血情况。方法采用回顾性资料分析法,比较2020年1月25日至2月28日、2021年12月23日至2022年1月24日、2022年3月6日至3月28日西安市突发三轮公共卫生事件期间悬浮红细胞和血小板的采供量、血液调配情况和献血者人口学特征。结果2020年1月第1轮事件期间悬浮红细胞日库存一度跌至接近0;2022年3月第3轮事件期间悬浮红细胞日出库不断升高。三轮事件期间血小板日库存与日出库量均呈现较大波动。第1轮与第3轮事件期间悬浮红细胞供应主要靠本单位采集,而第2轮事件期间悬浮红细胞供应则主要依靠血液调配;三轮事件期间血小板供应主要依靠本单位采集。三轮事件期间献血人群越来越年轻化,专科学历献血者占比上升。结论重大公共卫生事件对西安市血液保障工作造成影响的同时有助于积累宝贵的工作经验。采供血机构应根据政府防控措施及事件发生发展的趋势灵活应对,及时调整工作思路和重点,不断完善采供血应急保障机制。

美国公共图书馆心理健康活动项目和服务的实践分析与启示

通过分析美国公共图书馆心理健康活动项目,从公共图书馆队伍优化、资源建设、用户活动3个方面为我国图书馆心理健康服务提供启示和指导。结果表明,心理健康项目的制定和实施应对3方面进行整合。因此,本文提出了我国公共图书馆发展、实施和促进心理健康服务的3项建议:增强图书馆工作人员培训教育;构建图书馆资源–培训–服务一体化体系;开展图书馆心理健康系列活动。

突发公共卫生事件背景下医务人员社会支持与创伤后成长的关系:目的性反刍的中介作用

目的探究重大突发公共卫生事件背景下医护人员反刍、社会支持与创伤后成长的相关性,以及目的性反刍在社会支持与创伤后成长之间的中介效应。方法2023年3-7月采用方便抽样的方法选取湖北省内2家三甲医院的423名医护人员作为研究对象,采用事件相关性反刍性沉思量表、创伤后成长量表、多维度领悟社会支持量表进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果事件相关性反刍性沉思量表的侵入性反刍得分为8.00(1.00,10.00)分,目的性反刍得分为10.00(6.00,12.00)分。多维度领悟社会支持量表得分为72.00(60.00,74.00)分。创伤后成长量表得分为60.00(51.00,73.00)分。社会支持、目的性反刍均与创伤后成长呈正相关(r=0.393、0.253,P<0.05);目的性反刍在社会支持对医护人员创伤后成长产生影响的过程中具有部分中介作用,占总效应的11.01%。结论社会支持、目的性反刍可促进创伤后成长,目的性反刍在社会支持和创伤后成长之间存在部分中介效应。可为促进重大突发公共卫生事件背景下医护人员的心理成长提供参考依据。

突发传染病疫情背景下民生物资应急保障服务网络优化研究

在涉及传染性疾病的重大突发公共卫生事件发生时,有必要实施区域隔离或封闭等应急管理措施。为封控区内群众提供充足和高效的民生物资保障服务,是确保疫区社会稳定的关键基础工作。充分考虑疫情下民生物资应急保障服务的内涵和主要特征,设计了具有超网络特征的民生物资保障服务网络结构。在此基础上,以最小化运营成本、疫情风险控制成本和随机需求风险损失为优化目标,同时考虑物资流量守恒、工作人员数量等约束条件,构建民生物资保障服务网络设计的优化模型。将优化模型等价变换为相应的变分不等式形式,并证明了该变分不等式形式解的存在性与唯一性后,选取修正投影算法进行求解和计算分析。最后的数值分析结果表明,所提出方法能合理描述和优化传染病疫情影响下的民生物资应急保障服务网络决策,同时分析了疫情风险程度、主体关联程度以及可用工作人员数量上限等关键参数,对民生物资保障最优决策的影响规律。相关成果可为在重大突发传染病疫情背景下,为建立可持续的人道主义民生物资保障系统提供一定的理论基础。

美国公共图书馆的公众心理健康支持服务

文章调查16所美国公共图书馆心理健康支持服务现状,并对两所图书馆进行案例分析。研究发现:美国公共图书馆提供信息资源与活动两方面的服务;服务特点包括将公众心理健康支持服务纳入图书馆战略计划、建设公众心理健康资源并构建资源指南、开展公众心理健康计划并注重案例研究与推广、聘用社会工作者协助公众心理健康服务。我国公共图书馆应树立公众心理健康支持服务意识并开展多元服务,丰富心理健康资源并建设专题栏目,通过跨机构合作构建公众心理健康支持服务项目和搭建相关志愿团队。

突发公共卫生事件应急决策支持方法综述

采用文献分析方法,基于中国知网和Web of Science,从传统应急决策支持、基于大数据的应急决策支持两方面,详细阐述突发公共卫生事件应急决策支持方法、模型、系统和应用的国内外研究现状。

老年人社会疏离的研究进展

随着人口老龄化程度进一步加深,老年人的社会疏离问题日益突出,严重影响了老年人的身心健康。本文从老年人社会疏离的概念、发生现状、影响因素以及干预现状4个方面进行综述,以期为今后开展老年人社会疏离相关工作提供参考,最大程度地帮助老年人融入社会,提高其生活质量。

英国格拉斯哥公共图书馆癌症信息与支持服务项目研究

文章利用网络调查法与案例分析法,从项目基本情况、服务模式与内容、服务评估、服务保障四方面对英国格拉斯哥公共图书馆癌症信息与支持服务项目进行调查分析。研究发现,该项目注重特定用户群体的健康服务需求,注重提升馆员与志愿者的专业服务技能,注重建立良好的跨界合作关系,注重服务评估的客观与公开。基于研究结果,提出我国公共图书馆在开展癌症信息服务中应关注癌症患者及相关人群,参与并宣传社区癌症防治活动,开展跨界合作实现优势互补,吸纳志愿者加入服务团队。

实习护生突发公共卫生事件应急准备度理论框架构建

目的构建实习护生突发公共卫生事件应急准备度理论框架。方法对实习护生和具有突发公共卫生事件应急工作经验的临床带教老师进行半结构访谈,采用程序扎根理论方法和Nvivo 12软件对访谈资料进行三级编码。结果得到53个初始范畴、9个主范畴和应急态度、应急专业准备、可获得支持3个核心范畴。结论本研究构建的理论框架可用于对实习护生突发公共卫生事件应急准备培养,提高其应急准备度水平。

突发公共卫生事件中应急物资保障标准化问题研究

加强突发公共卫生事件应急物资保障建设,是健全完善公共卫生体系的关键环节,事关国家长治久安。本文通过梳理国内外突发公共卫生事件中应急物资保障的经验做法,发现并提出我国应对突发公共卫生事件中尚存的应急物资保障相关标准化问题。

加强医院应对突发公共卫生事件应急后勤保障管理研究

后勤部门是医院临床救治重要保障性部门,后勤部门是否能高效、准确、及时提供保障性服务直接关乎医院在突发公共卫生事件的应对能力。因此医院在突发公共卫生事件后勤保障方面需加强管理。

公共卫生事件中的社会支持与传播协同--基于对大学生信息接触的访谈

新冠肺炎的全球大流行是世界性的公共卫生事件,也是可能影响国家安全和社会治理的“非传统安全事件”,信息传播对于加强公共卫生治理意义重大。从用户的信息接触和媒介使用的视角出发,访谈新冠肺炎疫情中有过静态管理经历的大学生,研究发现,其获得了来自人际传播和组织传播、群体传播的情感支持,媒体的导向和内容并重的信息支持,以及通过多层组织传播实现的国家“在场”的物资支持,但多元信息传播方式也造成了舆论生态失衡。各种传播媒介应从社会责任出发,传播真实客观公正的信息,提高传播内容的专业性,实现传受双方的双向快速互通,在风险社会的语境下助力信念坚守。