The Discussion on Railway Public Property Right and State-capital Formation Mechanism

During the process of private enterprise and relaxing control, the railway industry of the entire world reserves considerably proportional state enterprise and state capital. One important reason of these economic phenomena is that there are many establishment collectivities in the railway industry. Every railway transportation enterprise uses the railway network, the hinge, the organizing group station and even the control center, take the format of public property and state capital to organize the relative transportation resources, which is more efficient in many instances than the private property right and capital, which is also the important economic reason why in the railway industry all of the world there are still ubiquitous for the public property rights and state-capital.

Development of China's Public Health as an Essential Element of Human Rights

September 2017 Contents Preface Ensuring People’s Right to Health Based on China’s Conditions Continuous Improvement of Health Environment and Conditions Public Health Service Capability Improving Steadily Great Improvement in the Quality of Medical and Health Services Improvement of the National Medical Security System

On the Public Diplomacy of China in the Human Rights Fields

With the development of human rights as the mainstreaming in the international society, the public diplomacy in human rights field is more significant than before. China is facing both opportunities and challenges in regard to the human rights exchange and cooperation, and the public diplomacy of China on human rights needs strengthening. China Society for Human Rights Studies has achieved a lot in human rights studies and promotion in China and in international public diplomacy. The Center for Human Rights Studies of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences plays an important role as a think tank as well. The Beijing Juvenile Legal Aid and Research Center is another example in Chinese public diplomacy on human rights. While the western NGOs are quite active, the voice of their counterparts in the developing countries is very low. China should take efforts to promote public diplomacy on human rights, including advocating Chinese understanding of human rights and participating in drafting and exercising the international human rights law.

Publicizing China's Human Rights——A Case Study on Human Rights White Papers

Human rights issues are practical political issues in the realm of international relations. Publicizing hu man rights to the rest of the wold i： one key means of spreading the tru image of a rising and responsibl large country. Effective publicit3 regarding human rights developmen can help China win undersandin and respect from the internationa community for China＇s human rightt policies, show the image of a demo cratic, progressive, civilized ant open large country, and create favor. able global public opinion for China Since the Communist Party of Chin （CPC） attaches great importance tc publicity regarding key human right, issues of economic and social signifi. cance in China and of international concern as well, it has organizec relevant press conferences and corn. piled white papers on human rights. White papers are important means fol China to publicize its human right, progress to the rest of the world anc are important windows by which foreign countries can understanc China＇s policies, principled stand, and achievements related to humar rights. Based on a review of Chinese government white papers, this article discusses the work, function and modes of human rights publicity.

Human Rights Reading Materials Series Publication Symposium Held in Beijing

The China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）, together with the China Foundation forHuman Rights Development （CFHRD） and Hunan University Press, organized a symposium on the publication of the human rights reading materials series on Jan. 11, 2013, in Beijing. More than 30 representatives from governmental offices who attended the symposium said the series would be the most auhoritative textbooks for human rights education in China.

Human Rights Protection and Defusing Public Disputes

The concept of human rights has already become the shared value of the majority of countries in the international community. However, realization of human rights is decided not only by lofty ideals but also pragmatic values. That is, can human rights be used for solving major issues of society？ With regard to the pragmatic value of human rights, the relationship between human rights and defusing public disputes is one of the questions debated by academic researchers and practitioners. Their focus is whether human rights protection helps in defusing public disputes.

On China's Protection of Citizens' Right to Be Informed and Construction of Government Information Publicity System

I. The Unfolding Situation of the Philosophy of Right to Be Informed in China and Early Construction of Government Information Publicity System The origin of the thought,known as China＇s protection of right to be informed and the construction of government information publicity system

Machines as readers: A solution to the copyright problem

Copyright and its international complications have presented a significant barrier to the Universal Digital Library （UDL）＇s mission to digitize all the published works of mankind and make them available throughout the world. We discuss the effect of existing copyright treaties and various proposals, such as compulsory licensing and the public lending fight that would allow access to copyrighted works without requiring permission of their owners. We argue that these schemes are ineffective for purposes of the UDL. Instead, making use of the international consensus that copyright does not protect facts, information or processes, we propose to scan works digitally to extract their intellectual content, and then generate by machine synthetic works that capture this content, and then translate the generated works automatically into multiple languages and distribute them free of copyright restriction.

The Impact of Central Environmental Inspections on the Perception of Respect for Human Rights and Its Empirical Analysis

To develop China’s human rights cause with a people-centered approach,we should pay close attention to the concrete experiences of the general public regarding the protection of human rights.Deepening the research on the perception of respect for human rights can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the practical achievements of the hu man rights cause.Public environmental rights,as a new type of human rights,have become an important aspect of the development of the human rights cause in the new era.The central envi ronmental inspection,as an authoritative and interventionist vertical governance mechanism,promotes the implementation of environmental policies by local Party committees and govern ments and strengthens environmental information disclosure and public participation in environ mental matters.As a result,it contributes to the realization of public environmental rights and stimulates public perception of respect for human rights.Among them,the“look-back inspec tion is an important component of the central environmental inspection,and its implemen tation consolidates and enhances the previous inspection work.An empirical analysis based on the World Values Survey’s data for China indicates that residents in the provinces that have underg one“look-back inspections are more inclined to believe that human rights are adequately re spected compared to residents in the provinces that have not underwent such inspections.It suggests that the advancement and improvement of the central environmental inspection system promote improvements in ecological environment quality and contribute to enhancing the public percep tion of respect for human rights.

论声音权益的法律保护模式

声音具有独特性,是自然人身份识别与社会交往的媒介。比较法上主要通过公开权、一般人格权、独立人格权或人格利益等模式对声音权益予以保护。公开权模式仅保护声音的经济价值、弱化其人格权属性。声音虽然与知识产权存在密切关联,但其主要不是知识产权的客体。一般人格权在具体化过程中也面临保护对象与边界不清晰的问题。我国《民法典》并没有承认声音为独立的具体人格权类型,而对声音权益采取了法定的独立人格利益保护模式,是更为简明、清晰的制度安排。声音权益虽不属于具体人格权,但作为一项人格利益可参照适用肖像权保护的规定。

A DRM System Based on Mobile Agent for Digital Rights Redistribution

We propose a digital rights management （DRM） system based on mobile agent to protect the copyrights of content providers. In the system, the content provider creates a time limited blackbox out of an original agent and dispatches it to the user end to enforce DRM functions. The blackbox is an agent that can resist the attacks from the malicious user in a certain time interval. Owing to digital rights redistribution support, the user whose rights belong to redistribution category can transfer his rights to other users. Moreover, by introducing public key infrastructure （PKI） and certificate authority （CA） role, the security of the session can be ensured. An analysis of system security and performance and a comparison with traditional DRM system is given.

脑机接口技术应用背景下神经权利的证立与穿透式保护

神经技术使以认知自由权、精神隐私权、精神完整性权利和心理连续性权利为内容的神经权利得以彰显,作为数字人权的神经权利包含公法权利和私法权利的双重内容。然而,传统权利均无法充分涵摄神经权利,凸显规范与新兴技术之间的代际鸿沟。对此,应穿透数字社会与物理社会、不同法律部门之间的壁垒,塑造保护神经权利的领域法。在私法层面,通过合理解释一般人格权和类推适用具体人格权来保护神经权利,未来可以将神经权利纳入民法典中的人格权体系。在公法层面,政府应充分履行保护神经权利的国家义务,督促企业履行合规义务,规范公民合理使用神经技术产品。在刑法层面,串联数据犯罪、信息犯罪和人身犯罪,塑造保护神经权利的罪名体系。

数据产权法律构造论

在数字经济环境中,数据已成为一种新型生产要素,需要更好地挖掘和开发其经济价值。数据不同于传统有体物以及知识产权客体的特征和属性使其在法律制度构建和运行上也具有特殊性。数据产权制度是数据基础制度的核心内容,其应涵盖保护数据主体合法权益、协调和平衡数据利益关系、促进数据有序流动和分享、促进数据要素利益公平分配等内容。数据产权的法律构造旨在建立数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权和数据产品经营权的数据动态流转和价值实现机制,最终服务于数字经济发展目标。

Analysis on Ecological Personality Right--In the Perspective of Environmental Personality Right

This essay focuses on expanding the traditional theory of personality right and referring to the outside legislative cases in order to promote environmental information disclosure,the purpose,therefore is to realize the ecological personality right.

公共体育设施共享的内生动力、制度困境与法治保障

公共体育设施共享是贯彻落实新发展理念、缓解我国体育设施建设相对匮乏与人民群众日益增长的健身需求之间的矛盾,推动实现体育强国战略的必然路径。公共体育设施共享包括公共体育设施管理主体向公众开放公共体育设施的行为,以及公众协同、有序使用公共体育设施的行为。公共体育设施不足的现实矛盾以及公民体育权利保障的合理诉求共同构成了公共体育设施共享的需求动力,使用时间的交错性及空间配置的互补性则构成了公共体育设施共享的供给动力。通过梳理我国现行公共体育设施共享的相关法律,发现在法律规范和法律保障机制方面仍存有缺失。从法律保障机制层面看,主要表现为公共体育设施共享法律保障力的匮乏;从法律规范层面看,主要表现为公共体育设施共享的直接规范依据不足和配套性规范的约束效力不足。在共享价值指引下,应从构建公共体育设施共享的法律保障机制和完善公共体育设施共享的法律规范体系两方面着手引导规范实现:在建构法律保障机制时,应以信息传导、责任分担和绩效考核三大机制为切入点展开建构,进而逐步提高公共体育设施的共享水平;在完善法律体系时,应通过“立、改、废、释”的法律手段实现配套法律规范的完整性和协调性,并在时机成熟的情况下制定公共体育设施共享的单行法规范,提高公共体育设施共享相关法律规范的可操作性。

Land Expropriation and Constitutional Protection of Farmers' Rights

One of the reasons for many social tragedies resulted from land expropriation in China is failure of the constitution to bring into play its due functions in standardizing land expropriation power of the government and protecting farmers' rights.In the existing land expropriation system,government is not only a policy maker of land expropriation,but also a "referee" of dispute over land expropriation.Government' land expropriation power and land-expropriated farmers' rights become out of balance.As a result,some local governments do not attach importance to farmers' rights,making land-expropriated farmers dissatisfied and consequently leading to some social tragedies unfavorable for harmony and stability.To fundamentally settle disputes over land expropriation and realize win-win of farmers' right and state interest,it should bring into full play functions of the constitution through protecting farmers' right to participate in land expropriation and establishing constitution evaluation mechanism.

论代孕及其行为的公法规制

规范代孕行为应厘清“代孕”内涵并对其所关涉的价值取向作权衡,在遵循公序良俗与顺应时代需求上予以综合考量和评价,明确向符合特定条件的夫妻双方有限开放代孕,并将其纳入公法规制,以公权力保障代孕行为的有序开展,方能最终实现公民权利和社会秩序的统一,实现对生育权更全面的保障。

论环境领域刑事诉权与民事公益诉权的协调

严重的环境损害行为是刑事诉权和民事公益诉权共同的适用对象,但我国立法并未明确规定两诉权同时行使时的关系如何处理,实践中呈现出环境民事公益诉讼附从于刑事诉讼,后者却疏离前者的现象。这是由于环境民事公益诉讼在客体范围、主体资格、诉求实现方面,与刑事诉权具有高度的亲缘性,但在办案时限、诉权成本、财产刑执行方面又与刑事诉权不相协调。因此,应当在立足两诉权适用对象具有同一性的基础上,以优先修复受损的生态环境为导向,在刑事办案过程中实行公益损害审查的法定化模式,从批捕或介入侦查环节开始即可启动民事公益诉权,遵循“附带为原则,不附带为例外”的要求,与法院的审判权良性互动,实现两诉权的有效协调。

民行交叉视域下居住权与抵押权的权利冲突与协调

为尽可能避免居住权对抵押权实现的不利影响,部分不动产登记机构、住房公积金管理中心等通过行政规范性文件规定居住权的设立前置条件及其消极法律后果。这类规则既缺乏上位法依据,亦难与既有民法体系兼容,甚至已僭越了行政权合理介入物权的权力半径,不具备增设限制性条款的可行性。考虑到抵押权人及行政机关的风险防范与特殊利益,居住权与抵押权的权利冲突与协调应回归民法的私益对抗范畴,排除与民法规范相悖的绝对限制性规则,允许当事人在相对限制的界限内自主分配各自所应承担的风险并在一定条件下赋予抵押权人防御性救济权,减少抵押权人对居住权的抵触心理。为了发挥当事人之约定应有的对抗性效力,需辅之以不动产登记中心的特殊约定记载义务与风险提示义务,完善住房公积金管理中心、银行等机构的事前风险预警机制,从根本上消解居住权与抵押权的权利冲突状态。

数字借阅补偿金制度及其对我国的启示

公共借阅权有排他权、获酬权和补偿金三种实施模式,其中补偿金模式是当前各国的主流选择。数字时代,很多国家开始探索将公共借阅权拓展至数字领域,澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和丹麦四国均已建立起数字借阅补偿金制度。这一制度符合功利主义社会整体利益最大化的理念。在目前制度实践的基础上,本文总结了数字借阅补偿金的运行机制,主要体现在受益者范围、借阅模式、报酬支付和管理体系四个方面。我国应当引入数字借阅补偿金制度,以激励文化创新,促进知识传播,从而实现社会利益最大化。