Compensatory Damages in Personal Information Public Interest Litigation in China: Challenges and Prospects

In contrast to private interest litigation,public interest litigation provides a more potent solution to personal information infringements marked by extensive scope,unspecified victims,and limited individual loss.However,com⁃pensatory damages remain a contentious issue,both in theory and in practice,within the legal framework of personal in⁃formation public interest litigation.Through an empirical study conducted within China's judicial practice,this paper reveals that the pending issue concerning the nature and function of compensatory damages has caused highly contra⁃dictory verdicts regarding their calculation and allocation,as well as their relationship with other forms of pecuniary li⁃abilities.Only by acknowledging the role of compensatory damages imposed in personal information public interest liti⁃gation as"Skimming off Excess Profits",and affirming their function as deterrence rather than compensation can they truly achieve the broader objective of safeguarding personal information security and promoting public welfare,as well as avoid disrupting the harmony of the existing legal landscape.

Research on Chinese-English Translation of Enterprise Publicity Materials from the Perspective of Adaptation Theory

As the process of economic globalization continues to advance,China has undergone earth-shaking changes.High-quality products and promotional materials are crucial for Chinese companies to go global and build their brands.The English translation of external promotional materials is crucial.However,some companies do not pay enough attention to their publicity,resulting in a low international status.This paper analyzes the Chinese-English translation of enterprise external publicity materials from the perspective of adaptation theory,thereby exploring the translation strategies adopted under the guidance of adaptation theory,hoping to provide some references for related translation practices in the future.

The Discourse-Historical Approach of Identity Construction in Corporate Promotional Videos for External Publicity Image

Corporate identity construction of external publicity image is an important part of the development of enterprises.Based on Wodak’s discourse-historical approach,this study takes the text of COFCO’s English promotional video as the research object,analyzes the corporate brand image,media image,organizational image,and environmental image constructed by the enterprises from three steps:linguistic expression,discourse strategy,and theme to provide references for Chinese enterprises to enhance their international influence.

Interest Coordination Mechanism of Green Open Space Development in International Metropolises:Experience from New York City

The development of green open spaces is the key component for cities built for the people and a major initiative to enhance the core competitiveness of Chinese cities.This paper summarizes the research on green open spaces in international metropolitan cities,focusing on public participation,funding mix,and governmental actions.It focuses on the alignment of interests between public,private,and community sectors in New York City's green open space development in a series of case studies.It draws lessons from New York's experience and applies them to Chinese cities and proposes that:private non-government organizations should be introduced to improve the mechanism of major development and governance;real estate development incentives should be optimized to guide the private capital to provide public welfare;and policy innovation in land and property development is imperative in fiscal health and sustainability.

Assessing healthcare workers’knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis,management and prevention of Monkeypox

BACKGROUND Monkeypox(Mpox),is a disease of global public health concern,as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa.AIM To assess Burundi healthcare workers(HCWs)s’level of knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis and management of Mpox.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online survey designed mainly from the World Health Organization course distributed among Burundi HCWs from June-July 2023.The questionnaire comprises 8 socioprofessional-related questions,22 questions about Mpox disease knowledge,and 3 questions to assess confidence in Mpox diagnosis and management.The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 25.0.A P value<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS The study sample comprised 471 HCWs who were mainly medical doctors(63.9%)and nurses(30.1%).None of the 22 questions concerning Mpox knowledge had at least 50%correct responses.A very low number of HCWs(17.4%)knew that Mpox has a vaccine.The confidence level to diagnose(21.20%),treat(18.00%)or prevent(23.30%)Mpox was low among HCWs.The confidence level in the diagnosis of Mpox was associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.009),sex(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),and residence(P value<0.001).The confidence level to treat Mpox was significantly associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.050),sex(P value<0.001),education(P value=0.033)and occupation(P value=0.005).The confidence level to prevent Mpox was associated with the HCWs’education(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),residence(P value<0.001)and type of work institution(P value=0.003).CONCLUSION This study revealed that HCWs have the lowest level of knowledge regarding Mpox and a lack of confidence in the ability to diagnose,treat or prevent it.There is an urgent need to organize continuing medical education programs on Mpox epidemiology and preparedness for Burundi HCWs.We encourage future researchers to assess potential hesitancy toward Mpox vaccination and its associated factors.

Reevaluating health metrics:Unraveling the limitations of disabilityadjusted life years as an indicator in disease burden assessment

In 1993,the World Bank released a global report on the efficacy of health promotion,introducing the disability-adjusted life years(DALY)as a novel indicator.The DALY,a composite metric incorporating temporal and qualitative data,is grounded in preferences regarding disability status.This review delineates the algorithm used to calculate the value of the proposed DALY synthetic indicator and elucidates key methodological challenges associated with its application.In contrast to the quality-adjusted life years approach,derived from multi-attribute utility theory,the DALY stands as an independent synthetic indicator that adopts the assumptions of the Time Trade Off utility technique to define Disability Weights.Claiming to rely on no mathematical or economic theory,DALY users appear to have exempted themselves from verifying whether this indicator meets the classical properties required of all indicators,notably content validity,reliability,specificity,and sensitivity.The DALY concept emerged primarily to facilitate comparisons of the health impacts of various diseases globally within the framework of the Global Burden of Disease initiative,leading to numerous publications in international literature.Despite widespread adoption,the DALY synthetic indicator has prompted significant methodological concerns since its inception,manifesting in inconsistent and non-reproducible results.Given the substantial diffusion of the DALY indicator and its critical role in health impact assessments,a reassessment is warranted.This reconsideration is imperative for enhancing the robustness and reliability of public health decisionmaking processes.

是“探照灯”还是“闪光灯”?——美国进步主义运动期间publicity的意蕴变化简析

本文尝试用"概念史"研究方法追踪美国进步主义运动期间"Publicity"在词义上的变化及其与社会情境的关系。此际的Publicity主要有三种不同的含义:运动初期,主要指"迫使……公开";运动高潮阶段,主要指遏制不义的"启蒙性的探照灯";运动尾声,主要指为政府或企业立场推销的"焦点更加狭隘的闪光灯"。三个阶段的意蕴演进,是进步主义者思维运作和话语表达的逻辑结果。

A Probe into C-E Translation of Publicity Materials of Red Tourism in Hu.nan Province

Hunan Province is rich in red tourism resources, and many scenic spots in the region proudly echo the glory of China's revolutionary history. Publicity materials of red tourism in Hunan Province play the role of publicizing and promoting historical sites and places linked with China's revolutionary history. However, at present the C-E translation of publicity materials of red tourism in Hunan province is far from satisfaction. Reasonable application of eco-translatology in C-E translation of publicity materials of red tourism in Hunan Province will allow the translator to enjoy a much greater degree of flexibility in translating and produce appropriate translation which produce functionally the same effect on the target readers as the original on the readers.

A Brief Analysis of Features and Strategies of International Publicity Translation

International publicity translation,functioning as a means of information dissemination to international communities,is an important tool skillfully employed by translators who undertake an occupation in international publicity translation.However,in the concrete practice of international publicity translation,not all translators can proficiently employ the tool,we can find many mis⁃translations,and the reasons can be traced back to the translators’fuzzy knowledge of the features of international publicity transla⁃tion.Compared with other kinds of translation,the following two points should be emphasized:1)international publicity translation should achieve the purpose of positively disseminating the situation of China.2)translators should pay special attention to differ⁃ences between China and other countries,including national condition,culture and language.Thus,translators should pay attention to the cross-cultural feature and adopt special strategies in translation.

On the Plaintiff's Subject Qualification for Environmental Public Interest Litigation Instituted by People's Procuratorates

Although it is not the main duty for the People's Procuratorate to institute environmental public interest litigation proceedings, the existence of "reserve" prosecution right of plaintiff not only is beneficial to timely prevention and cure of environmental damage, but also contributes indispensable judicial supervision force to the environmental legality construction. In order to safeguard environmental public interests, many local prosecutorial organizations have practiced environmental public interests litigation. Since Chinese law has not made explicit stipulation on the function of the People's Procuratorate instituting environmental public interest litigation, the plaintiff's subject qualification for environmental public interest litigation instituted by the People's Procuratorate is still in question. In order to propel the People's Procuratorate to completely and fully exercise their power of supervision and prosecution, there shall be corresponding legislation that provides powerful guarantee for the People's Procuratorate instituting environmental public interest litigation.

On the C-E Translation of Cultural Information in Tourist Publicity Materials

Chinese scholar Qiu Maoru points out that the aim of translation is,partly,to establish cultural equivalence between the source text and the target text.He also argues that whether or how to establish cultural equivalence depends on the following four factors:1) the type of source text;2) the significance of cultural flavor in the source text;3) the purpose of translation;4) the type of readers of the target text.This theory provides a good perspective for the C-E translation of cultural information in Tourist Publicity Materials.Under the guidance of this theory,this paper attempts to explore the methods of establishing cultural equivalence in translation of Tourist Publicity Materials.

Chinese medical students’interest in COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)happened in early December and it has affected China in more ways than one.The societal response to the pandemic restricted medical students to their homes.Although students cannot learn about COVID-19 through clinical practice,they can still pay attention to news of COVID-19 through various channels.Although,as suggested by previous studies,some medical students have already volunteered to serve during the COVID-19 pandemic,the overall willingness of Chinese medical students to volunteer for such has not been systematically examined.AIM To study Chinese medical students’interest in the relevant knowledge on COVID-19 and what roles they want to play in the pandemic.METHODS Medical students at Peking Union Medical College were surveyed via a webbased questionnaire to obtain data on the extent of interest in the relevant knowledge on COVID-19,attitude towards volunteerism in the pandemic,and career preference.Logistic regression modeling was used to investigate possible factors that could encourage volunteerism among this group in a pandemic.RESULTS A total of 552 medical students responded.Most medical students showed a huge interest in COVID-19.The extent of students’interest in COVID-19 varied among different student-classes(P<0.05).Senior students had higher scores than the other two classes.The number of people who were‘glad to volunteer’in COVID-19 represented 85.6%of the respondents.What these students expressed willingness to undertake involved direct,indirect,and administrative job activities.Logistic regression analysis identified two factors that negatively influenced volunteering in the pandemic:Student-class and hazards of the voluntary job.Factors that positively influenced volunteering were time to watch COVID-19 news,predictable impact on China,and moral responsibility.CONCLUSION More innovative methods can be explored to increase Chinese medical students’interest in reading about the relevant knowledge on COVID-19 and doing voluntary jobs during the pandemic.

Error Analysis of Chinglish in Translation of Publicity Literature

Chinglish is one of the major problems affecting the quality of Chinese-English Translation.And the negative effect of Chinglish is much more serious in translation of publicity literature,which induces bad impression on our country.This paper is an attempt to discuss the causes and manifestations of Chinglish in translation of publicity literature from the perspectives of words,phrases and sentence structure with the means of error analysis.

Comparative Studies on C-E Translation of Foreign Publicity

As the trend toward multi-polarity and economic globalization accelerates,the importance of foreign publicity is becoming increasingly prominent.It is a window of a country's national image,on which the quality of publicity translation has a direct bearing.So in this paper,the author tries to find some useful methods of translation of foreign publicity materials through analyzing the differences between Chinese and English language.These methods may help translators to deal with some problems in C-E translation of foreign publicity materials.

Adaptation in Tourist Publicity Translation

This paper attempts to provide a preliminary study of adaptation adopted in the translation of tourist publicity and explore the main reasons behind the adaptive techniques on the basis of functionalist theories of translation. It is found that cultural blanks, different linguistic conventions and also the intended functions of tourist publicity may all contribute to adaptation in translation.

Research on Public Participation and Information Publicity in Strategic Environmental Assessment

It has been generally recognized that strategic environmental assessment integrates environment and development into decision-making and becomes an important decision-making tool for implementing sustainable development. This paper firstly introduces the relationships of SEA, public participation(PP)and information publicity(IP),then discusses the key parts in enforcing the effective process of PP: They are the methods for how to make sufficient information open (What), when to implement PP (When), who will determinate the public (Who), and how to make the models of PP (How). Six cases are compared and analyzed. At last, ways to improve the effectiveness of PP in China is also presented.

Chinese-to-English Translation of Publicity on Chinese Minority Culture From Narrative Perspectives

Narrative is a literary notion.In narrative translation theory,narrative involves personal narrative,public narrative,disciplinary narrative,and meta-narrative.This paper adopts the notions of personal narrative,public narrative,and meta-narrative to analyze specific cases concerning the Chinese-to-English translation on Chinese minority culture publicity,proposes two narrative translation models,namely,the annotation narrative translation model and the manipulative narrative translation model,and explores the concrete translation procedures and the embodied meta-narrative,covering introduction to minority tales,minority festivals,and minority customs.Narrative translation research is part of the multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary turn in the 21st century,and this research is an organic part of cross-cultural communication translatology.

Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Utopian Publicity:The Case of Poetic Writings

Many critics of Percy Bysshe Shelley have construed Shelley’s “poetry” as a sort of transcendental, mental mechanism through which a more fundamental improvement of human life than immediate political reforms can be made possible. In this view of Shelley’s poetry, the values that poetry would bring about are condescendingly set up against the general public’s down-to-earth wish to improve their immediate life conditions, and therefore, the utopian vision implicit in Shelley’s poetic practice is founded on an exclusion of intellectually and economically unqualified readers. Given these critical assessments, this essay attempts to argue that Shelley’s poetic writings include significant elements that contradict the assumption implied in the view that intellectual elites take an absolute, exclusive position in giving rise to Shelley’s utopian publicity. In more detail, this essay will argue that Shelley’s utopian publicity proposed and embodied in his poetic writings is predicated on his ideal (and practical in many cases) aim toward a realization of a public sphere that espouses free circulations of various positions and embraces voices of people from all the classes.

School District Interests and Challenges Buying Chicken Raised without Antibiotics

The overuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture is recognized as contributing to human antibiotic resistance. With large meat purchases, particularly chicken, school districts have an opportunity to leverage their buying power to engage with this issue. However, few school food service professionals have done so and little is known about their awareness, attitudes, or experiences. This research surveyed 36 school districts affiliated with School Food FOCUS, which works on procurement reform with many of the largest school districts in the country. Questions were designed to solicit familiarity with the issue of antibiotic use in poultry production, attitudes, and extent of relevant action taken. Motivations and barriers for purchasing poultry raised with minimal, safe and sustainable use of antibiotics as well as fresh (raw) poultry, which has been found to be an affordable way to menu antibiotic-free chicken, were assessed. Results revealed that this issue is important to respondents but difficult to address due to more immediate concerns. Barriers are experienced with purchasing both chicken raised without antibiotics and preparing fresh chicken. Product cost was perceived as a particularly high barrier. Responding to concerns of parents and the community was a top motivation.

Publicity Officials Urged to Innovate in Their Work

A national meeting of publicity department heads of the Party committees was held in Beijing, January 6,2019.