Puerariae Radix protects against ulcerative colitis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a common inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has long been used in Asia as a treatment for UC and Puerariae Radix(PR)is a reliable anti-diarrheal therapy.The aims of this study were to investigate the protective effect of PR using the dextran sulfate sodium salt(DSS)-induced UC model in mice and identify molecular mechanisms of PR action.The chemical constituents of PR via ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and identified potential PR and UC targets using a network pharmacology(NP)approach were obtained to guide mouse experiments.A total of 180 peaks were identified from PR including 48 flavonoids,46 organic acids,14 amino acids,8 phenols,8 carbohydrates,7 alkaloids,6 coumarins and 43 other constituents.NP results showed that caspase-1 was the most dysregulated of the core genes associated with UC.A PR dose of 0.136 mg/g administered to DSS treated mice reversed weight loss and decreased colon lengths found in UC mice.PR also alleviated intestinal mucosal shedding,inflammatory cell infiltration and mucin loss.PR treatment suppressed upregulation of NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases-1(caspase-1),apoptosis-associated speck-like(ASC)and gasdermin D(GSDMD)at both the protein and m RNA expression levels.The addition of a small molecule dual-specificity phosphatase inhibitor NSC 95397 inhibited the positive effects of PR.These results indicated that PR exerts a protective effect on DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice.

Effects of Radix Puerariae, Radix Rehmanniae and Their Compatibility on Blood Glucose and Blood Lipids in Mice

[Objectives]To explore the effects of the compatibility of Radix Puerariae and Radix Rehmanniae on blood glucose and blood lipids in diabetic mouses.[Methods]Diabetic mouse model was established.The body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured after 7 and 14 d of administration,and the biochemical indicators of blood lipids(TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C)were detected after 14 d of administration.[Results]Compared with the Radix Puerariae group and Radix Rehmanniae group,the compatibility group(1:2)had the best hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and TC and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly decreased(P<0.05),while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)significantly increased(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Radix Puerariae,Radix Rehmanniae and their combination can reduce the blood glucose of diabetic mice.The compatibility group(1:2)had a significant hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly declined,while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)rose significantly.

不同施肥措施对岩质坡面覆土平台区葛(Pueraria lobata)生长影响的综合评价

为获得一种有利于石灰岩矿岩质坡面覆土平台区葛[Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi]快速生长的土壤基质改良措施,以无为杨家岭石灰岩矿东采区第三阶平台区已实施表层覆土的岩质坡面作为试验区,评价不同施肥措施对葛在重构土壤上的生长状况。试验小区设置:A(100%复合肥)、B(75%复合肥+25%有机肥)、C(50%复合肥+50%有机肥)、D(25%复合肥+75%有机肥)、E(100%有机肥)、CK(对照,不施肥)。2022年8月,对葛的生理生化指标进行分析,并用熵权法对葛的生长状况进行综合评价。结果表明:与CK相比,施肥措施均增加了葛的株长及其叶片的干重,提高了含水率、叶绿素含量、氮磷钾含量、可溶性蛋白质含量以及3种抗氧化酶(POD、CAT、SOD)活性,同时均降低了叶片的MDA含量。综合评价结果表明,25%复合肥+75%有机肥的处理最利于葛的生长,可用于该岩质坡面植被重建的生产实践。

Preparation and Performance of Pueraria lobata Root Powder/Polylactic Acid Composite Films

Petroleum-based materials,such as plastic,are characterized by adverse environmental pollution;as a result,researchers have sought alternative degradable plastics that are environmentally friendly,such as polylactic acid(PLA).PLA has shown great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics.In this study,seven different samples of unmodified Pueraria lobata root powder(PRP)with different contents(i.e.,0,5,10,15,20,25,and 30 wt%)and three different modified PRPs(i.e.,treated with NaOH,NaOH-KH-550,and Formic)were used to reinforce polylactic acid(PLA)via solution casting process.These prepared PRP/PLA composite films were characterized using SEM,FTIR,UV-visible spectra analysis,TG,DSC,weight loss measurement(wt%),and mechanical measurements.The results showed that the PRP modified with KH-550(PRPK)intensified the interaction in the interface region between the PRP and the PLA matrix,thus increasing the tensile strength(54.5 MPa),elongation at break(2.8%),and Young’s modulus(3310 MPa)of the PRPK/PLA biofilms.Contact angle measurement showed that the PRP treatments contributed to the hydrophobicity of films.The transparency of PRP-10/PLA film atλ_(800)was 11.09%,and its UVA and UVB transmittance were 3.28 and 1.16,respectively.After blending PLA with PRP,the PRP/PLA composite films exhibited excellent biodegradability.In summary,PRPK improved the mechanical properties of PLA and prevented the films from ultraviolet light,suggesting that PRPK-5/PLA film could be used as packaging materials.

Research progress of modern pharmacological effects of Pueraria lobata and its compound clinical application

As a traditional Chinese medicine, Pueraria lobata has been widely recorded in Chinese herbal works of the past dynasties. Modern studies have found that its main chemical components are isoflavones, triterpenoids, saponins, etc., which have antipyretic, anti⁃inflammatory, anti⁃infection, blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipid, and pharmacological effects such as improving reproductive function. Clinically, it is used in the treatment of diabetic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, etc. in the form of traditional Chinese medicine compound prescriptions. This reseach aims to summarize related articles of Pueraria lobata in the past 5 years, focusing on its pharmacological effects and clinical application of the compound, and provide references for its further development and utilization.

Effects of Ethanol Condensation Reflux Extraction and Ultrasound-assisted Extraction on the Content of Total Flavonoids of Pueraria edulis

With Pueraria edulis from different habitats in Yunnan Province,Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region as materials,the medicinal materials of P.edulis were extracted by ethanol condensation reflux extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction,and the effects of different extraction methods the contents of total flavonoids in P.edulis from different areas were compared.The results showed that the best extraction time for P.edulis in Yunnan Province was 20 min,and that for Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was 30 min.The yield of total flavonoids from P.edulis extracted by the condensation reflux extraction method was relatively better.The content of total flavonoids in P.edulis in Yunnan was the highest with an average content of 0.2557%,while the average content of total flavonoids in P.edulis in Guangdong was the lowest with an average content of 0.2108%.

Molecular mechanism study of Radix Pueraria for the treatment of glioma based on network pharmacology

Radix Pueraria(RP)has a long history of dual-use in medicine and food,and is well known as“Asian ginseng”.Recently,some studies about the effect of RP against glioma have been reported.However,little is elucidated about the molecular mechanism of interaction.This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques to clarify the molecular mechanism of RP in the treatment of glioma.Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)was applied to screen potential active ingredients of RP and their targets.Targets for glioma were obtained from Genecards,OMIM,and Therapeutic Target Database(TTD).The topological analysis of cross-target and core target interaction was conducted using protein-protein interaction analysis(PPI).With the application of bioinformatics,GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were further carried out.Molecular docking was used then to validate the binding affinity between active components and key targets.This study successfully identified 6 potential active ingredients,namely beta-sitosterol,daidzein,formononetin,genistein,ononin,and puerarin.The hub targets were AKT1,TP53,VEGRA,EGFR,and MAPK3.These targets were mainly involved in biological processes,such as RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding,and positive regulation of cell migration in the membrane raft,and were regulated by PI3K-Akt pathway.Further study showed that almost all the compounds had good binding abilities with above-mentioned targets.In short,this study systematically revealed the anti-glioma mechanism of RP to provide reference for the treatment of glioma.

Optimization of Preparative Separation and Purification of Total Flavonoids from Radix Puerariae by Macroporous Resin Method

Aim To screen the optimum macroporous resin and conditions for the isolation and purification of flavonoids from Radix Puerariae. Methods The static and dynamic adsorption/desorption methods were used, and the separation and purification process was evaluated by measuring the concentration of total flavonoid in the fractions with UV spectrophotometer. Results The SP70 macroporous resin was the most effective compared with other macroporous resins. The optimum conditions were screened, which were 0.5 g· mL^- 1 corresponding to crude drug for concentration of extract, pH 5 - 6, and appended 60 times the volume of the resin bed （BV） with the adsorption speed 2 BV·h^-1, and the volume of aq. 70% （V/V） ethanol as eluant was 5 BV with desorption speed 2 BV·h^-1. By this method, the final contents of total flavonoids exceeded 80%. Conclusion The SP70 macroporous resin is the most effective one for large-scale isolation and purification of flavonoids from Radix Pueraria, which meets industrial needs.

Chemical Constituents from Pueraria lobata

Pueraria lobata ( Wild. ) Ohwi ( Ye-Ge in Chinese ) is a perennial herb ofthe genus Pueraria, which belongs to the Leguminosae family. It is commonly employed to relievefever and dysentery, promote the production of body fluid, reduce stiffness and pain of the nape,and for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, e. g. hypertension, myocardial infarction, andarrhythmia. Previous phytochemical studies on P. lobata reported a number of bioactive isoflavones,e. g. daidzein, daidzin, and puerarin. Further investigation of its root has led to isolation offourteen compounds and their structures were identified as daidzein, ononin, daidzin, 3'' -methoxypuerarin, puerarin, pueroside B, daidzein-8-C-apiosyl- (1-6)-glucoside, 3''-hydroxy-puerarin,puerarinxyloside, daidzein-7, 4'' -O-glucoside, puerarin-4''-O-glucoside, mirificin-4''-O-glucoside,sissotorin, and pueroside C. Compounds 11 and 13 were isolated from the root of P. lobata for thefirst time.

Protective Effect of Pueraria lobota Extracts on Mitochondria Damage of Liver

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Pueraria lobota extracts on mitochondria damage of liver. [Method] The liver mitochondria injury was induced by Vc-Fe2＋ , and the influences of Pueraria lobota extracts on mitochondria ATPase activity, mitochondria swelling and protein carbonyl content were measured. In addition, the lipid peroxidation in liver mitochondria was induced by H2O2-Fe2＋ to analyze the influence of Pueraria lobota extracts on MDA content. Futhermore, NBT method was used to evaluate the inhibitory function of Pueraria lobota extracts on the superoxide anion. [Result] The results showed that Pueraria lobota extracts could significantly inhibit mitochondria oxidative damage,prevent mitochondria swelling and ATPase activity reduction,decrease protein carbonyl level,and effectively scavenge superoxide anion produced by mitochondria, indicating that Pueraria lobota extracts can protect rat liver mitochondria from oxidative damage. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis for investigating the pharmacological functions of Pueraria lobota.

中国葛属（Pueraria DC．）的研究

本文对国产葛属植物９种２变种进行了全面整理．对其中的主要类群进行了深入的研究．通过野外考察，腊叶标本的研究和细胞染色体的计数．使对中国葛属植物有一个较为全面的了解。

一株耐酸野生葛藤(Pueraria lobata)根瘤菌的筛选与耐酸机理初步研究

从重庆市北碚区缙云山酸性黄壤（pH4．6）上生长的葛藤根瘤中分离到一株耐酸葛藤根瘤菌PR389，能在pH4．3的YMA培养基上正常生长，而一般根瘤菌最适生长pH值为6．5—7．5，说明PR389为一株耐酸葛藤根瘤菌。通过质子通量试验发现，与不耐酸的菌株相比，PR389的细胞膜能阻止过量的H^＋进入细胞，表明PR389具有某种能力使之在低酸性环境下不受伤害。在耐酸性试验中，PR389在加氯霉素的强酸性（pH3．8）YMA培养液中表现出来的耐酸性被氯霉素抑制。推测胞内特异蛋白质的诱导合成是PR389具有耐酸性的原因。

野葛(Pueraria lobata)愈伤组织诱导及组织培养

以野葛茎尖分生组织为外植体,通过不同激素与MS培养基配比试验,筛选出野葛茎尖分生组织愈伤组织诱导与植株再生的最适培养基,建立野葛植株再生体系。试验结果表明:茎尖分生组织在MS+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L培养基上启动诱导愈伤组织,再转移到MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L继续诱导,愈伤组织诱导率高,繁殖能力旺盛。在MS+6-BA 1 mg/L培养基上愈伤组织分化率100%,生长能力较强。在MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基上,诱导生根率达到60%。

葛属（Pueraria DC．）的分支分析

本文采用２４个形态性状对葛属进行了分支分析，得到了１１个最简约分支图和一个严格一致化分支图，葛属的种间关系。根据分支分析结果对ｖａｎｄｅｒＭａｅｓｅｎ的葛属分类系统提出了修订意见。

Response surface optimization of microwave-assisted extraction for HPLC-fluorescence determination of puerarin and daidzein in Radix Puerariae thomsonii

Microwave-assisted extraction was optimized with response surface methodology for HPLC-fluorescence determination of puerarin and daidzein in Radix Puerariae thomsonii.The optimized extraction procedure was achieved by soaking the sample with 70% methanol（1∶15,v/v）for 30 min,and then microwave irradiation for 11 min at a power of 600 W.Coupling the extraction process with HPLC-fluorescence presented good recovery,satisfactory precision,and good linear relation.Compared with a method from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the proposed method enables higher extraction efficiency and more accurate analytical results.It can be of potential value in quality assessment of Radix Puerariae thomsonii medicinal materials.

Ultrasonically Assisted Extraction of Isoflavones from Stem of Pueraria lobata （Willd.） Ohwi and Its Mathematical Model

Ultrasonically assisted extraction of isoflavones from the stem of Pueraria lobata （Willd.） Ohwi has been carried out with an ultrasonic extracting apparatus （20kHz, electrical power input to the transducer in 0-650W）. The influence of the electrical power input and extraction time on the＇extraction yield is investigated in water, n-butanol, and 95% （by volume） and 50% （by volume） ethanol aqueous solution. The experimental results indicate that the yields of total isoflavones are higher in ultrasonically assisted extraction than those obtained from con-ventional extraction.Moreover,a mathematical model is proposed,by introducing the electrical power input to index the ultrsound intensity,to describe the behavior of ultrasonically assisted extraction.It is found that the model calcuations are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Two New Oleanene-Type Triterpenoid Saponins from Pueraria peduncularis

From the radix of Pueraria peduncularis Grah., two new oleanene-type triterpenoid saponins named pedunsaponins B (2) and C (3) were isolated. Their structures were determined as 3-O-(6-O-methyl)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-3 beta.15 alpha-diol-12-oleanene-16-one (2) and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-3 beta, 15 alpha-diol-12-oleanene-16-one (3) on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and chemical reactions.

Kinetics of Leaching Flavonoids from Pueraria Lobata with Ethanol

The kinetics of leaching flavonoids from Pueraria Lobata with ethanol was investigated. The effects of leaching temperature, mechanical agitation rate, concentration of ethanol and feed particle size on leaching kinetics were examined. It is found that the smaller the feed particle size or the higher the leaching temperature, the higher the leaching rate. The leaching process can be described by the shrinking-core model. The apparent activation energy is 10.8kJ·mol^-1, suggesting that the leaching process is controlled by the inner diffusion. An empirical equation relating the flavonoids leaching rate constant to the feed particle size and leaching temperature was expected.

A new isoflavonolignan from Pueraria alopecuroides Craib

A new isoflavonolignan has been isolated from the Pueraria alopecuroides Craib. The structure was elucidated by the combination of 1D, 2D NMR analysis and mass spectrometry.

Kinetics of Leaching Flavonoids from Pueraria Lobata with Ethanol

The kinetics of leaching flavonoids from Pueraria Lobata with ethanol was investigated. The effects of leaching temperature, mechanical agitation rate,concentration of ethanol and feed particle size on leaching kinetics were examined.It is found that the smaller the feed particle size or the higher the leaching temperature,the higher the leaching rate. The leaching process can be described by the shrinking-core model. The apparent activation en- ergy is 10.8kJ·mol-1, suggesting that the leaching process is controlled by the inner diffusion. An empirical equa- tion relating the flavonoids leaching rate constant to the feed particle size and leaching temperature was expected.