不同施肥措施对岩质坡面覆土平台区葛(Pueraria lobata)生长影响的综合评价

为获得一种有利于石灰岩矿岩质坡面覆土平台区葛[Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi]快速生长的土壤基质改良措施,以无为杨家岭石灰岩矿东采区第三阶平台区已实施表层覆土的岩质坡面作为试验区,评价不同施肥措施对葛在重构土壤上的生长状况。试验小区设置:A(100%复合肥)、B(75%复合肥+25%有机肥)、C(50%复合肥+50%有机肥)、D(25%复合肥+75%有机肥)、E(100%有机肥)、CK(对照,不施肥)。2022年8月,对葛的生理生化指标进行分析,并用熵权法对葛的生长状况进行综合评价。结果表明:与CK相比,施肥措施均增加了葛的株长及其叶片的干重,提高了含水率、叶绿素含量、氮磷钾含量、可溶性蛋白质含量以及3种抗氧化酶(POD、CAT、SOD)活性,同时均降低了叶片的MDA含量。综合评价结果表明,25%复合肥+75%有机肥的处理最利于葛的生长,可用于该岩质坡面植被重建的生产实践。

Preparation and Performance of Pueraria lobata Root Powder/Polylactic Acid Composite Films

Petroleum-based materials,such as plastic,are characterized by adverse environmental pollution;as a result,researchers have sought alternative degradable plastics that are environmentally friendly,such as polylactic acid(PLA).PLA has shown great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics.In this study,seven different samples of unmodified Pueraria lobata root powder(PRP)with different contents(i.e.,0,5,10,15,20,25,and 30 wt%)and three different modified PRPs(i.e.,treated with NaOH,NaOH-KH-550,and Formic)were used to reinforce polylactic acid(PLA)via solution casting process.These prepared PRP/PLA composite films were characterized using SEM,FTIR,UV-visible spectra analysis,TG,DSC,weight loss measurement(wt%),and mechanical measurements.The results showed that the PRP modified with KH-550(PRPK)intensified the interaction in the interface region between the PRP and the PLA matrix,thus increasing the tensile strength(54.5 MPa),elongation at break(2.8%),and Young’s modulus(3310 MPa)of the PRPK/PLA biofilms.Contact angle measurement showed that the PRP treatments contributed to the hydrophobicity of films.The transparency of PRP-10/PLA film atλ_(800)was 11.09%,and its UVA and UVB transmittance were 3.28 and 1.16,respectively.After blending PLA with PRP,the PRP/PLA composite films exhibited excellent biodegradability.In summary,PRPK improved the mechanical properties of PLA and prevented the films from ultraviolet light,suggesting that PRPK-5/PLA film could be used as packaging materials.

野葛(Pueraria lobata)愈伤组织诱导及组织培养

以野葛茎尖分生组织为外植体,通过不同激素与MS培养基配比试验,筛选出野葛茎尖分生组织愈伤组织诱导与植株再生的最适培养基,建立野葛植株再生体系。试验结果表明:茎尖分生组织在MS+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L培养基上启动诱导愈伤组织,再转移到MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L继续诱导,愈伤组织诱导率高,繁殖能力旺盛。在MS+6-BA 1 mg/L培养基上愈伤组织分化率100%,生长能力较强。在MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基上,诱导生根率达到60%。

Effects of Rare Earth Elements on Promoting Isoflavonoid Production and Release of Pueraria Lobata Hairy Roots in Vitro

The effects of various rare earth elements on growth and isoflavonoid production in hairy root cultures of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (strain TR2) cultured in 500 ml flasks were studied. After 32 days of culture, the biomass of hairy roots increase 15 times and reach 3.2 g dry weight. Hairy root growth was inhibited by Y_2O_3, NaSeO_3 and Sm^(3+) because of brown formation. But significant promoting effect on root growth due to callus formation was observed in La^(3+) treatments. It is the most noteworthy that the production of total isoflavonoids and puerarin was enhanced greatly by La^(3+) treatment. A major portion of increased total isoflavonoids and puerarin was released into medium in La^(3+) treatment while the hairy root viabilities were preserved. Some specific secondary metabolite release processes could be induced by La^(3+) and their possible mechanism is discussed.

Comparative molecular docking studies of lupeol and lupenone isolated from Pueraria lobata that inhibits BACE1: Probable remedies for Alzheimer's disease

Objective: To discover lead lupane triterpenoid's potential isolated from Pueraria lobata roots against b-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1), which serve as a rate limiting step in amyloid beta(Aβ) production altering the course of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, enzyme kinetics study and molecular docking were conducted to establish the inhibition type and structure activity relationship.Methods: A systematic study of 70% ethanolic P. lobata root extract was employed to identify its BACE1 inhibitory potential. Further, BACE1 inhibitory potential of two lupane terpenoids, yielded from ethanolic extract, was assessed. In order to determine their inhibition mode, Lineweaver–Burk plots and Michaelis–Menten model for BACE1 was performed. Auto Dock 4.2 program in addition determined the molecular interaction of BACE1 with isolated terpenoids.Results: Considering the inhibitory potential of 70% ethanolic extract of P. lobata against BACE1(IC_(50)= 80.35 mg/mL), lupeol and lupenone were subsequently isolated and exhibited notable or moderate BACE1 inhibitory activity with IC_(50) values of 5.12 and 62.98 mmol/L, respectively, as compared to the positive control quercetin(IC_(50)= 21.28 mmol/L). The enzyme kinetics study enabled us to identify both compounds as competitive inhibitors, where lupeol displayed a very potent inhibition against BACE1 with low inhibition constant(Ki) value of 1.43 mmol/L, signifying greater binding affinity.In order to understand the binding mechanism and structure–activity relationship of two triterpene-based BACE1 inhibitors, we employed computer aided docking studies which evidently revealed that hydroxyl group of lupeol formed two hydrogen bonds with the ASP32(catalytic aspartic residue) and SER35 residues of BACE1 with the binding energy of(-8.2 kcal/mol), while the ketone group of lupenone did not form any hydrogen bonds with BACE1 giving evidence for less binding affinity. These results in turn have predicted the dependence of the inhibitory activity in the presence of hydroxyl group which has provided a new basis for BACE1 blockade.Conclusions: Our results have successfully explored the molecular mechanism of lupane triterpenoids via BACE1 inhibition, suggesting that lupeol in particular could be utilized as a useful therapeutic and preventive agent to mitigate Alzheimer's disease.

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate of Pueraria lobataand its impact factors

In order to identify the relationship between diurnal changes in the net photosynthetic rate（Pn） of Pueraria lobata and environmental factors,diurnal changes in the Pn of leaves of two P.lobata cultivars were measured using a CIRAS-1 portable photosynthesis measurement system（PP-Systems,UK）.The results show that diurnal changes in Pn of both cultivars could be interpreted as double-peak curves,indicating the occurrence of an obvious midday depression.Further analyses indicate that the correlation between Pn and stomatal conductance was positive and extremely significant（p 〈 0.01）.The correlations of Pn with intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate were positive and significant（p 〈 0.05）,while the correlations of Pn with air and leaf temperatures were negative and significant（p 〈 0.05）.The results indicate that among the factors affecting photosynthetic properties,some can be grouped as stomatal limitations while others are non-stomatal limitations.

Study on the mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza-Pueraria lobata in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the synergistic mechanism of salvia miltiorrhiza and Pueraria lobata of multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:The chemical components of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Pueraria lobata were queried and screened through the pharmacological database and analysis platform of traditional Chinese medicine system,and the chemical components were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction database.At the same time,the related targets of T2DM were searched and screened from GeneCards,TTD,DrugBank and Disgenet databases.The chemical composition targets and disease targets are intersected,and the PPI network of intersection targets is constructed by using STRING11.0 database,and the PPI network nodes are screened to get the key targets.The GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the key targets are carried out.Results:A total of 70 chemical constituents and 51 key targets for the interaction between chemical components and diseases were obtained through retrieval and screening.After enrichment and analysis of 51 key targets,a total of 71 cellular components,85 molecular functions,559 biological processes and 137 signal pathways were obtained.The treatment of T2DM with Salvia miltiorrhiza and Pueraria lobata may be related to AGE-RAGE,Pl3K-Akt,ErbB,insulin resistance,HIF-1 and other signal pathways.Conclusion:This study preliminarily reveals the action mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Pueraria lobata on the treatment of T2DM with multi-components,multi-targets and multi-pathways,which provides a certain basis for the study of the molecular mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Pueraria lobata pairs.

Comparative Study on Natural Selenium-enriching Ability of 7 Main Cultivars of Pueraria lobata

[Objectives]To screen out the selenium-enriched Pueraria lobata varieties suitable for cultivation in Guangxi according to the natural selenium-enriching ability of 7 main cultivars.[Methods]Taking 7 main cultivars of P.lobata in different places as experimental materials,field cultivation was carried out on the selenium-enriched yellow soil in Shanglin County,Nanning City of Guangxi,to study the difference in selenium-enriching ability of different main cultivars and the comparison of selenium content in different parts,as well as the transport mechanism.[Results]Under the condition of soil selenium content of 0.78 mg/kg,the selenium content of the root tubers of the 7 main cultivars all reached the selenium-enrichment standard.The selenium content of a single root tuber of Heping Variety in Teng County,Guangxi was the highest,at 0.061 mg/kg;Guifenge No.1 was the second at 0.055 mg/kg,and the total selenium accumulation per unit area was the largest.The ranking of selenium content in different parts of the same variety was:leaf>vine>head>root tuber.[Conclusions]Guifenge No.1 has the highest yield and the largest total selenium accumulation,so it is the most suitable natural selenium-enriched variety for cultivation.

Ultrasonically Assisted Extraction of Isoflavones from Stem of Pueraria lobata （Willd.） Ohwi and Its Mathematical Model

从 Pueraria lobata (Willd ) 的茎的 isoflavones 的超声地帮助的抽取 Ohwi 与一台超声的提取仪器被执行了(20kHz，电力输入到在 0 的变换器—650W ) 。抽取收益上的电力输入和抽取时间的影响在水里被调查， n-butanol，并且 95%( 由卷) 并且 50%( 由卷) 乙醇水的答案。试验性的结果显示全部的 isoflavones 的收益比从常规抽取获得的那些在超声地帮助的抽取是更高的。而且，一个数学模型被建议由介绍电力输入索引超声紧张，帮助了抽取描述超声的联盟者的行为。模型计算在对试验性的数据的好同意，这被发现。

Study on the Production Technology of Pueraria lobata Jelly

An orthogonal experiment was carried out to investigate the optimal production formula of Pueraria lobata jelly combining P. lobata,red beans and sugar as the main raw materials. The isoflavone contents in P. lobata and the P. lobata jelly were determined by colorimetry and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the optimal formula for the product was: P. lobata paste 50%,red bean paste 60%,and white granular sugar and agar 20% and 3% of the total weight of P. lobata paste and bean paste,respectively. The development of this product is of great significance to the utilization of P. lobata.

Extraction Technology of Total Flavonoids from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi and Content Determination of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi at Different Altitudes

[Objectives]To optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids from Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi. [Methods]The ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was used to determine the content of total flavonoids in Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi. With the puerarin as index,the reflux extraction and single factor test were employed to investigate the effects of temperature,time,ethanol concentration and solid-liquid ratio on the content of total flavonoids in Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi,respectively. Under the optimal extraction technology,the content of total flavonoids in Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi at different altitudes was determined.[Results] The optimum extraction process was as follows: 70%ethanol; solid-liquid ratio of 1∶ 30; 1 h reflux extraction. Under these conditions,the extraction rate of flavonoids in Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi was 11. 48%,the total flavonoids content of different kudzu parts was in the order of roots > stems > leaves,and the total flavonoids content of the sample at about an altitude of 1000 m was significantly higher than at the altitudes of 1400 m and 1700 m.[Conclusions]It was suggested that the Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi should not be cultivated as medicinal plant in too high mountains,and the stems and leaves of Pueraria lobata( Willd.) Ohwi could be used as raw materials for extracting total flavonoids.

Analysis on Nutritional and Functional Components of Different Pueraria lobata Roots

This paper made analysis and evaluation of nutritional components and functional components of different Pueraria lobata roots. Nutritional components mainly include water,ash content,fat,reducing sugar,starch and cellulose; functional components mainly include flavone and polyphenol. Pueraria lobata root No. 1 has highest ash content,flavone,and polyphenol but lowest fat,so it is suitable for using as medical Pueraria lobata root resource. Pueraria lobata root No. 5 has starch content as high as 64. 43%,and is recommended using as vegetable and processing into Pueraria lobata powder. Pueraria lobata root No. 5 has cellulose content as high as 17. 79% and is recommended processing into Pueraria lobata tablets. Through comparison of nutritional and functional components of different Pueraria lobata roots,it is intended to provide reference for variety selection,breeding,production and processing of Pueraria lobata roots.

Applications of Pueraria lobata in treating diabetics and reducing alcohol drinking

Pueraria lobata is one of the most important medicinal herbs used traditionally in China. According to Shanghan Lun(Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease), it has been used traditionally to relieve body heat,eye soring, dry mouth, headache associated with high blood pressure, and stiff neck problems. Modern studies in the 1970 s revealed that isoflavonoids extracted from P. lobata were the bioactive components of an herbal remedy namely Yufeng Ningxin Tablets for the treatment of patients after stroke. This article reviews recent application of P. lobota in the treatment of diabetics and in reducing alcohol drinking. In view of its low toxicity profile, P. lobota stands an excellent chance to be developed as a phytomedicine for treating human diseases.

基于层次分析法(AHP)优化葛根乙醇提取物制备工艺及其抗氧化活性检测

基于层次分析法(AHP)计算综合评分,在单因素试验基础上采用正交试验设计,优化回流法制备葛根乙醇提取物的工艺,并测定葛根乙醇提取物的抗氧化能力。结果表明:葛根乙醇提取物的最佳制备工艺条件为乙醇体积分数50%、料液比1:15(g/mL)、提取时间45min、提取次数2次,在此条件下综合评分平均值为19.33。抗氧化试验测得葛根乙醇提取物对DPPH和羟基自由基清除率最大分别为55.56%和78.22%,具有一定的抗氧化活性。

葛渣膳食纤维对小鼠胃肠蠕动促进作用研究

目的:检验葛渣中水不溶性膳食纤维是否具有促进肠胃蠕动的作用,并检测不同浓度的葛渣膳食纤维对肠胃蠕动促进效果的差异。方法:建立小肠正常蠕动的抑制模型(便秘模型),然后采用小肠运动实验和小鼠排便实验2个实验检测葛渣的水不溶性膳食纤维是否具有促进胃肠蠕动的作用,从而判断葛渣膳食纤维是否具有润肠通便的效果。结果:与模型对照组比较,小肠运动实验中高、中、低剂量组的小肠墨汁推进长度和推进率均有显著性差异,小鼠排便实验的高、中、低剂量组小鼠在首便时间、6 h粪便粒数和6 h粪便总量均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:葛渣水不溶性膳食纤维具有润肠通便的作用。

基于网络药理学探讨葛根治疗肝损伤的作用机制

目的:探究葛根治疗肝损伤的有效成分、靶标和作用通路,为葛根用于肝损伤的治疗提供理论依据。方法:基于中医药整合药理学网络计算平台(TCMIP)、中药综合资源数据库(TCMID)、中药系统药理数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)、人类基因数据库(GeneCards)等公共数据库和KEGG通路分析等网络药理学基本方法预测葛根治疗肝损伤的作用机制。结果:葛根主要活性成分靶点与肝损伤靶点具有交集,功能分析、富集分析和分子对接发现,刺芒柄花素、β-谷甾醇与雌激素受体1(ESR1),香豆雌酚、3′-甲氧基大豆黄素与PPARG与之间对接具有良好的亲和力,其中刺芒柄花素与ESR1之间作用力最强(-8.04 kcal/mol)。推断葛根治疗肝损伤的机制与ESR1和PPARG介导的路径相关。结论:葛根治疗肝损伤可能通过ESR信号通路、PPAR-γ激活和调节靶基因转录等发挥调节肝细胞的生长、分化和生理功能,减轻氧化应激性肝损伤和肝细胞凋亡的作用。

葛根蛋白及其酶解物的体外抗氧化活性和功能特性

以葛根为原料,采用碱提法提取葛根蛋白,对其进行酶解,研究不同蛋白酶(碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶)对葛根蛋白的酶解效果及其酶解物的抗氧化活性和功能特性,并与葛根蛋白进行对比。3种蛋白酶对葛根蛋白的酶解效果及其酶解物抗氧化特性研究结果表明,碱性蛋白酶酶解物水解度和蛋白回收率最佳,并具有良好的体外抗氧化活性。功能特性研究结果表明,与葛根蛋白相比,3种葛根蛋白酶解物的溶解性、持油性和起泡性均有不同程度提升,但持水性、起泡稳定性、乳化性及乳化稳定性均有所下降。其中碱性蛋白酶酶解物的功能特性最优,pH值为5时,溶解度达98.43%;温度为60℃时,持油性达4.23%;pH值为6时,起泡性达106%。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶酶解效率高,且适合用于提高葛根蛋白抗氧化活性及功能特性。

软骨及姜黄联合葛根薏仁提取物对膝骨关节炎大鼠软骨损伤的改善作用

系统研究了姜黄提取物、软骨提取物、葛根薏仁提取物单独及联合使用对膝骨关节炎大鼠软骨损伤的改善作用,主要从减少膝关节肿胀(炎症)、促进软骨细胞修复和关节基质修复方面,研究了3种提取物在大鼠膝骨关节炎中的协同效应。结果显示:姜黄提取物在抑制关节肿胀、改善软骨损伤方面有较明显的作用,具体表现在能较好地改善Ⅱ型胶原蛋白(CollagenⅡ)、基质金属蛋白酶3(MMP3)、软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的水平;软骨提取物主要通过改善MMP3、COMP、TNF-α、前列腺素E2(PGE2)及SOD水平起到明显改善关节炎病变的效果;葛根薏仁提取物能够提高CollagenⅡ及SOD水平,抑制MMP3、COMP、TNF-α和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)的升高,从而改善大鼠膝关节病变程度;3种提取物的复合使用对大鼠膝关节软骨的修复作用最为突出,且对各生化指标的异常改变均有更佳的改善效果。由此可见,通过对姜黄提取物、软骨提取物及葛根薏仁提取物的比例优化,可开发出具有显著抗炎和修复软骨作用的功能性食品,为实现“健康中国2030”添砖加瓦。

基于CiteSpace和文献计量分析平台的葛根研究可视化分析

基于CiteSpace软件和文献计量学方法,以Web of science核心数据库为采集对象,“Pueraria Lobata”等为主题词。将1995—2023年的1683篇文献作为研究对象,对文献的发文量、发文作者、发文国家(地区)、发文机构、出版物等进行数据挖掘。运用关键词共现图谱、关键词聚类图谱、关键词突现分析、关键词时区图等方法进行数据可视化分析。结果显示:(1)葛根研究发文量总体呈现上升趋势;葛根研究的核心作者主要来自于中国、美国、韩国等地;核心作者群与核心机构群逐渐形成;葛根投稿期刊呈现明显的层次划分格局。(2)中国的发文量占发文总量的50%,位居全球第一。中国科学院、中国香港中文大学等机构为世界的葛根研究做出了巨大贡献,但从篇被引频次上分析,仍与其他机构存在一定差距。(3)葛根的研究逐渐从理论走向实践,时区图结果显示,目前葛根淀粉、肠道微生物群、网络药理学等成为新兴研究热点。葛根素、异黄酮等关键词贯穿葛根研究整个发展阶段,逐渐形成以药理学为基础,食品科学、化学、植物科学等多学科综合发展的新模式。