Early Results of Mitral Valve Replacement in Severe Pulmonary Artery Hypertension—An Institutional Prospective Study

Introduction: In patients undergoing surgery for mitral valve replacement (MVR) for valvular heart disease, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) has been considered a major risk factor. In this prospective study, we have studied the early hemodynamic changes and post-operative outcomes of MVR among patients with severe PAH. Methods: 68 consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve replacement for severe rheumatic mitral valve disease with severe PAH (pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) > 50 mmHg) were studied prospectively for immediate postoperative hemodynamics and outcomes. The mean age of the patients was 32.1 years. 32 (47.05%) patients had mitral stenosis, 13 (19.11%) had mitral regurgitation and 23 (33.82%) had mixed lesions. Patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative pulmonary artery pressures. In 56 patients (82.35%, group I) PAP was sub-systemic or systemic, with a mean of 58.4 mmHg. Twelve patients (17.65%, group II) had supra-systemic PAP with a mean of 82.4 mmHg. Results: After mitral valve replacement, the PAP and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) decreased significantly in group I to near normal levels. In group II also the PAP and PVR decreased significantly but significant residual PAH remained. Operative mortality was 3.5% in group I and 16.6% in group II. Conclusions: MVR is safe and effective at the presence of severe PAH as long as the PAP is below or equal to systemic pressures. With suprasystemic PAP, MVR carries a high risk of mortality and the patient continues to have severe PAH in the postoperative period.

“Treat-Repair-Treat”:Management of Left Main Coronary Compression by a Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm in a Patient with Atrial Septal Defect and Significant Pulmonary Hypertension

Left main coronary compression syndrome(LMCS)may complicate pulmonary artery aneurysms(PAA),usually developed in the context of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).We report the case of a 51-year-old female patient with an atrial septal defect(unsuitable for device closure)complicated by a PAA generating a 90%left main stenosis.The significant PAH held us back from immediate surgery.After specific dual PAH-targeted therapy(sildenafil and bosentan),the atrial septal defect could be closed with a unidirectional valved patch;the PAAinduced LMCS was treated by reductive arterioplasty.The postoperative course was uneventful.Follow-up showed clinical improvement,but PAH treatment was still needed.After three months,coronary angiography showed only an insignificant residual left main stenosis,proving that reductive pulmonary arterioplasty was effective in treating LMCS.Any PAA requires further evaluation for LMCS,a dangerous but treatable complication.The“treat-repair-treat”strategy and shunt-closure with a unidirectional valved patch can both improve surgical prospects of LMCS with shunt-related PAH.

Fresh Pericardial Valved Conduit for Reconstruction of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract in Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Stenosis or Pulmonary Atresia—Early Results

Objective: To study early results of hand made fresh (autologous/homologous) pericardial valved conduit in achieving right ventricle to pulmonary artery continuity. Method: Between November 2014 and September 2015, 19 cases, with diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary stenosis (PS) or Pulmonary atresia (PA) underwent intracardiac repair and Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) reconstruction with hand made fresh [autologous (n = 2)/ homologous (n = 17)] pericardial valved conduit. Mean age of the patients at time of surgery was 6.37 years (range 3 months to 18 years), mean weight was 18.52 kilograms (range 6 kg to 40 kg) and mean size of the conduit was 20.7 mm (range 16 mm to 24 mm). Results: All patients had a smooth post-operative course, with mean ICU (Intensive Care Unit) stay of 3.6 days (range 3 days to 6 days) and mean post-operative hospital stay 8.5 days (range 7 days to 16 days). Intra-operative and Post-operative echocardiography revealed moderate Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) in one patient, mild PR in 5 patients and no or trace PR in 13 patients. No patient has developed conduit stenosis or calcification till now. Conclusion: Autologous or homologous pericardial valved conduit provides good early results and is especially suitable for developing world because of zero cost. Long term usefulness of such option remains to be confirmed in terms of dilation, calcification and freedom from intervention.

Long-term Efficacy of Pulmonary Artery Desnervation Treatment in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction:A Subgroup Analysis of 3-year Results From the PADN-5 Study

Objective:The Pulmonary Arterial Denervation in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With the Left Heart Failure(PADN-5)study proved that pulmonary artery denervation(PADN)is associated with significant improvements in hemodynamic and clinical outcomes in patients with combined pre-and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension(CpcPH).This study aimed to assess the 3-year clinical results of PADN in patients who had heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)developing into CpcPH(HFpEF-CpcPH).Methods:In this post hoc analysis of the PADN-5 trial,38 patients with HFpEF were included in screening out of 98 patients with CpcPH who were randomly assigned to treatment with sildenafil and sham PADN(sham PADN(plus sildenafil)group,abbreviated as sham group)or PADN(PADN group).HFpEF in the PADN-5 trial was defined as a left ventricular ejection fraction≥50%,and CpcPH was defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure≥25 mmHg,a pulmonary arterial wedge pressure>15 mmHg,and a pulmonary vascular resistance>3.0 WU.The changes in the 6-minute walk distance(6-MWD)and the plasma concentration of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)at 6-month and 3-year follow-up,as well as the clinical endpoint of the occurrence of clinical worsening,defined as cardiopulmonary-related death,rehospitalization,or heart or lung transplantation at 3-year follow-up were examined.Results:Thirty-eight patients with HFpEF-CpcPH were assigned to the PADN group(n=19)or the sham group(n=19).At the 6-month follow-up,6-MWD(433(275,580)m vs.342(161,552)m),and reductions in NT-proBNP(−47%(−99%,331%)vs.−12%(−82%,54%))were significantly improved in the PADN group(all P<0.05).Over the 3-year follow-up period,PADN treatment resulted in marked increases in 6-MWD(450(186,510)m vs.348(135,435)m)and reductions in NT-proBNP(−55%(−99%,38%)vs.−10%(−80%,95%))(all P<0.05).Clinical worsening was experienced by 12 patients(63%)in the sham group,but by only 5 patients(26%)in the PADN group(hazard ratio=0.149,95%confidence interval:0.038–0.584,P=0.006).The 6-MWD and PADN treatments were independent predictors of clinical deterioration in patients with HFpEF-CpcPH.Conclusions:PADN therapy is associated with improvements in exercise capacity and clinical outcomes.PADN therapy may have a potential role in patients with HFpEF-CpcPH for whom current treatment options are limited.

胸腔镜下二尖瓣置换同期行三尖瓣成形术的疗效分析

目的 探讨胸腔镜下二尖瓣置换术(MVR)同期行三尖瓣成形术(TVP)的疗效。方法 选取2020年5月至2022年5月汕头市中心医院收治的接受胸腔镜下MVR+TVP的患者102例进行回顾性研究。收集患者的临床资料,所有患者均确诊为中-重度风湿性二尖瓣病变,且合并中度及以上的三尖瓣反流(TR),入院后完善常规检查,行MVR+TVP。记录两组患者的手术时间、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、呼吸机辅助时间、术后24 h胸腔引流量、术后住院时间及并发症发生情况;比较手术前后的左心室前后径、左室射血分数(LVEF)、右室舒张末径(RVEDD)、右心房内径(RA)、肺动脉压力。术后随访1年,根据患者病情是否复发,分成复发组(n=20)、非复发组(n=82),比较两组临床资料,经多因素Logistic回归模型分析患者术后病情复发的独立危险因素。结果 患者平均手术时间为(258.54±20.06)min,主动脉阻断时间为(140.66±13.58)min,体外循环时间为(215.65±20.67) min,呼吸机辅助时间为(22.06±1.39) h,术后24 h胸腔引流量为(220.74±10.93) mL,术后住院时间为(8.76±1.05) d。102例患者并发症发生率为15.69%。患者术后1周的左心室前后径、RVEDD、RA、肺动脉压力分别为(43.69±4.87) mm、(61.35±5.19)%、(29.52±3.69) mm、(31.25±5.40) mm、(25.98±4.27) mmHg,术后6个月的分别为(44.13±4.91) mm、(60.87±4.73)%、(30.04±4.10) mm、(31.69±5.37) mm、(25.13±6.48) mmHg,均低于术前[(50.87±6.35) mm、(61.47±4.92)%、(36.94±4.51) mm、(42.19±6.72) mm、(48.52±7.84) mmHg],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示,术前重度TR、术后6个月肺动脉压力增高是患者胸腔镜下MVR+TVP术后病情复发的危险因素,人工瓣环成形术是预防病情复发的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 胸腔镜下MVR+TVP能改善中-重度风湿性二尖瓣病变合并中度及以上TR患者的心功能与肺动脉压力,未引起严重并发症,安全性高,但患者术后病情复发仍受术前TR程度、术后肺动脉压力变化、三尖瓣成形术方式的影响。

Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve and Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm:A Case Report of Surgical Cure

Absent pulmonary valve is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized with a dysplastic or absent pulmonary valve tissue and severe pulmonary regurgitation. It is usually associated with tetralogy of Fallot （TOF）. A 7-year-old girl with absent pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery aneurysm and tetralogy of Fallot without cyanosis was operated and 10 months followed up result was reported

经胸实时三维超声心动图评估特发性肺动脉高压患者三尖瓣几何构型的价值

目的:研究经胸实时三维超声心动图在评估特发性肺动脉高压(IPAH)患者的三尖瓣几何构型中的应用价值。方法:前瞻性入选2017年9月至2018年12月在中国医学科学院阜外医院就诊的IPAH患者30例(为IPAH组),健康志愿者15例为对照组。所有研究对象均行经胸二维及三维超声心动图检查,并使用四维自动三尖瓣定量(4D Auto-TVQ)在聚焦右心室切面分析三尖瓣结构。肺动脉高压患者均在超声心动图检查后48 h内采用右心导管检查确诊。结果:IPAH组的三尖瓣形态学参数瓣环面积、瓣环周长、四腔心直径、瓣叶结合点高度、幕状区最大高度和幕状区容积均显著大于对照组(P均<0.05)。与对照组相比,IPAH组瓣环收缩期位移明显更小(P<0.05)。两组的瓣环面积变化率和两腔心直径差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。IPAH患者的三尖瓣幕状区最大高度和瓣叶接合点高度均与右心室舒张末期容积具有良好相关性(r=0.710、0.515,P均<0.05);瓣环周长、四腔心直径和瓣环面积均与右心房收缩末期容积具有良好相关性(r=0.712、0.558、0.545,P均<0.05)。结论:IPAH患者三尖瓣幕状区最大高度、瓣叶接合点高度和幕状区容积明显增大,三尖瓣环扩张主要体现在四腔心切面直径。三尖瓣幕状区高度与右心室容积相关,而三尖瓣环尺寸与右心房容积相关。

主动脉瓣狭窄合并肺动脉高压患者经导管主动脉瓣植入术后肺动脉压力改善的影响因素分析

目的探讨主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)合并肺动脉高压(PAH)患者经导管主动脉瓣植入术(TAVI)后肺动脉高压(PAH)改善情况及相关影响因素分析。方法回顾性分析2022年1月至2023年12月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院接受TAVI术且合并PAH的AS患者168例,根据术后1个月肺动脉压力情况分为PAH改善组和PAH未改善组。比较2组术前一般资料及超声心动图参数,分析术后PAH改善的影响因素。结果168例患者中有123例患者(73.2%)术后PAH改善(PAH改善组),45例患者(26.8%)术后PAH未改善(PAH未改善组)。2组患者合并心房颤动比例、左心房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径、左心室舒张末期容积、左心室收缩末期容积、合并中或重度三尖瓣反流(TR)比例比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,心房颤动(比值比=0.444,95%置信区间:0.201~0.981,P=0.045)、LAD(比值比=1.086,95%置信区间:1.008~1.169,P=0.029)、合并中或重度TR(比值比=0.428,95%置信区间:0.189~0.967,P=0.041)均是TAVI术后PAH改善的独立影响因素。结论TAVI可以有效改善AS合并PAH患者的PAH程度,术前合并心房颤动、术前LAD及合并中或重度TR是术后PAH改善的影响因素。

肺动脉瓣置换术治疗四叶式肺动脉瓣1例并文献复习

四叶式肺动脉瓣(quadricuspid pulmonic valve,QPV)是一种罕见的先天性心脏结构异常,其发生率为1/1000~1/2000,男性高于女性[1-2]。QPV早期一般无特异性症状,很难进行无创评估,国内对该疾病诊疗的研究较少。本研究通过分析南京医科大学第一附属医院心脏大血管外科于2020年收治的1例QPV畸形患者的诊疗经过,并结合文献复习,以加强对QPV的认识。1病例资料患者,男,64岁,因“心悸伴胸闷半年,加重10 d”入院。患者常于劳累后出现心悸、胸闷,休息10 min后可自行缓解。平素可耐受日常活动。近1周,患者夜间平躺时突发呼吸困难,坐起后缓解。为求进一步诊治,遂至南京医科大学第一附属医院门诊。

高原地区婴幼儿完全型房室间隔缺损的外科处理策略及随访结果

目的 评估高原地区婴幼儿合并肺动脉高压(PAH)完全型房室间隔缺损(cAVSD)患儿的外科处理策略及随访结果。方法 选择2009年12月~2021年12月期间28例2岁以下cAVSD合并PAH的患儿进行一期矫治,其中男15例,女13例,年龄(2.5~21.0)月,体质量(2.5~11.0)kg,其中合并中度及以上肺动脉高压患者15例,设为A组。合并轻度及正常肺动脉压患者13例,设为B组。对两组患者的ICU住院时间、呼吸机带管时间、主动脉阻闭时间、整体住院时间、死亡率等指标进行对比,并进行随访。术中采用改良单片法3例,双片法25例,术中直接缝合左侧房室瓣瓣裂孔17例,裂孔补片加宽及腱索移植1例,行左房室瓣后瓣瓣环成形3例。结果 两组患儿的年龄、体质量、Rastelli分型、唐氏综合征、共同瓣返流和室间隔缺损大小数据值均无统计学差异。与B组比较,A组患儿呼吸机带管时间明显变长(P<0.05),其他指标如ICU住院时间、整体住院时间、主动脉阻闭时间和病死率均无明显差异。与A组比较,B组轻度左侧房室瓣返流比例较低(P<0.05),其余项目室间隔残余分流、中重度左侧房室瓣返流、右侧房室瓣返流、完全性房室传导阻滞与术后早期死亡均无明显差异。术后随访所有患儿的随访时间为(8±3)年,心脏超声心动图随访统计结果为:二尖瓣关闭不全轻度18例、中度5例、重度2例,三尖瓣轻度关闭不全19例、中度4例、重度2例,2例重度二尖瓣关闭不全患者均接受再次瓣膜修复/置换术,全组存活病例均无左室流出道狭窄,三尖瓣重度反流1例、中度反流2例。A组的三例死亡病例根据患者在监护室最后一次超声评估结果为二尖瓣重度反流1例、中度反流1例、轻度反流1例。结论 高原地区的婴幼儿完全性房室间隔缺损患儿,其肺血管病变早、肺动脉高压进展快,应尽早进行手术治疗,手术成功的关键是避免三度房室传导阻滞及瓣膜成型的确切效果,左侧房室瓣关闭不全的手术修复效果是导致术后死亡及中远期再次手术干预的重要原因。

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄并发肺动脉高压患者二尖瓣置换术后早期临床转归分析

目的:分析风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者二尖瓣置换术后的早期临床转归。方法:回顾分析128例因风湿性二尖瓣狭窄行二尖瓣置换术患者的临床资料,根据心脏彩超估测的肺动脉收缩压(SPAP)结果分为A组(30 mm Hg≤SPAP<50 mm Hg,n=70)和B组(SPAP≥50 mm Hg,n=58),比较2组一般资料、手术相关资料、围手术期结果及早期随访结果。结果:2组间除SPAP、肺功能及右心室内径外,其余术前指标差异均无统计学意义。围手术期死亡5例,A组2例,B组3例。术后机械通气时间及ICU治疗时间B组均大于A组(P均<0.05)。术后2组患者SPAP均较术前下降(P均<0.05)。术后6个月复查心脏彩超显示2组病例人工瓣膜功能良好;A组SPAP升高至术前水平或以上患者2例,B组11例,2组相比,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.644,P=0.006)。结论:二尖瓣狭窄患者的术前肺动脉压高增加了术后复发肺动脉高压的风险,早期临床转归也相对较差。

应用三尖瓣血流速度图评估肺动脉高压的研究

目的平均肺动脉压(MPAP)是诊断和评价肺动脉高压的重要指标。本研究拟对比多普勒超声测量三尖瓣反流速度估测肺动脉收缩压(PASP)和三尖瓣反流速度诊断肺动脉高压2种方法,评价应用三尖瓣血流速度图对肺动脉高压的诊断效果。资料与方法收集2012年1月—2013年6月第四军医大学唐都医院以及沈阳军区总医院收治并拟行封堵术的先天性左向右分流心脏病患者80例。经心导管测量肺动脉压力,应用多普勒超声测量三尖瓣反流速度峰值。结果以导管测量的MPAP≥25 mm Hg为诊断标准,使用三尖瓣反流估算的PASP>30 mm Hg诊断肺动脉高压时,假阳性率为62.96%、假阴性率为0。使用三尖瓣反流速度诊断肺动脉高压具有较高的诊断一致性。分别以320 cm/s和340 cm/s为诊断界值时,假阳性率分别为14.81%和7.41%,假阴性率为15.91%和20.45%。结论对于左向右分流的先天性心脏病患者,采用超声心动图,并根据三尖瓣反流峰值速度直接诊断肺动脉高压可有效克服估算法存在较高假阳性率的问题,更适合基于MPAP为标准的肺动脉高压的诊断。

优秀摔跤运动员安静状态下超声多普勒血流频谱的研究

本文利用超声多普勒血流频谱研究了１０名优秀男子摔跤运动员和１０名普通人安静时二尖瓣、三尖瓣、主动脉、肺动脉的血流动力学指标和心室功能情况。结果表明：经专项训练的高水平摔跤运动员的心脏心肌活动协调能力提高，心脏收缩功能、舒张功能均优于对照组，但亦显示反映舒张功能的参数Ｅ峰加速时间、Ｅ峰减速度的变化和病理性心脏的变化相似，提示摔跤运动员心脏的发展过程中可能存在生理性心脏向病理性心脏变化的潜在因素。本研究表明：超声多普勒显示技术是一种较好的无创性运动员心血管机能研究手段，并为摔跤项目运动员心脏的研究提供新的参数。

风湿性瓣膜病变合并肺动脉高压87例观察

目的:总结87例风湿性瓣膜病变合并肺动脉高压患者行手术治疗的围术期处理经验。方法:87例风湿性瓣膜病变合并肺动脉高压患者行二尖瓣置换75例,二尖瓣置换+主动脉瓣置换12例。结果:此组患者手术过程顺利,术后并发低心输出量综合征5例,严重心律失常9例,早期死亡2例,病死率2.3%,其中低心排1例,1例因多脏器功能衰竭死亡。结论:风湿性瓣膜病变合并肺动脉高压患者病情较重,注意围术期各环节处理,即重视术前心功能改善,术中加强心肌保护,合理纠正病变,术后严密监护,可提高手术成功率。

BTDE在ICU评价瓣膜置换术后PASP的准确性

目的评价床边经胸多普勒超声心动图(BTDE)在重症监护室(ICU)对心脏瓣膜置换术后患者估测肺动脉收缩压(PASP)的准确性。方法 72例心脏瓣膜病需手术换瓣患者,术前放置右心导管,术后48 h内在ICU同时接受BTDE和右心导管对PASP评价。将BTDE估测的PASP与右心导管法实时监测PASP结果进行相关性分析。结果在72例受试对象中,主动脉瓣置换术后12例,二尖瓣置换术后38例,双瓣置换术后22例。两种方法所得PASP按主动脉瓣置换术后(A组)、二尖瓣置换术后(B组)及双瓣置换术后(C组)分组进行t检验,两种方法对3组中测定PASP差异均无统计学意义。Pearson相关性分析显示两种方法对3组所受试患者测量的PASP呈中度相关。BTDE与右心导管测量PASP差值在1.3 kPa以上者31例(43.0%),BTDE低于右心导管测量者22例(30.5%),高于右心导管测量者9例(12.5%)。结论 BTDE在ICU对于心脏瓣膜置换术后患者可快速提供可靠的PASP资料。

三尖瓣反流压差法定量房间隔缺损肺动脉收缩压再评估

目的对三尖瓣反流压差法定量房间隔缺损肺动脉收缩压的准确性及其影响因素进行再评估。方法对行介入封堵术的房间隔缺损患者45例于术前24小时和封堵前即刻行三尖瓣反流压差、右房内径等超声数据采集;封堵前即刻记录右心导管所测量的肺动脉收缩压和上腔静脉平均压(作为右房平均压)。对所采集数据进行统计学分析。结果术中三尖瓣反流压差法计算的肺动脉收缩压与右心导管测值相比用以筛选肺动脉高压敏感性为67%,特异性为72%,判断肺动脉压力等级的准确性较低(ROC曲线下面积为0.603)。三尖瓣反流压差出现不准确的比例及程度较右房压大。术前与术中应运用三尖瓣反流压差法计算肺动脉收缩压存在一定的差异,且与三尖瓣反流压差有关。结论小样本研究发现三尖瓣反流压差法定量房间隔缺损肺动脉收缩压准确性较低,三尖瓣反流压差较右房压对最终结果的影响更大。

经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术后瓣口面积及血液动力学改变间相互关系研究

自１９９２年１１月至１９９４年６月，８２例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄（ＭＳ）患者在本院接受经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术（ＰＴＭＣ），其中男性２４例，女性５８例，平均年龄４０．７±９．６岁（２０～６２岁）。均于ＰＴＭＣ前后经超声心动图测二尖瓣口面积（ＭＶＡ）、跨二尖瓣压力阶差（ＭＰＧ），术中测肺动脉压力（ＰＡＰ）及左心房压力（ＬＡＰ）。结果：ＰＴＭＣ术后，ＭＶＡ显著增加（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＭＰＧ、ＰＡＰ及ＬＡＰ均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＭＶＡ平均增加１００％以上，ＰＡＰ和ＬＡＰ平均降低３０％～４０％，ＭＶＡ增加百分数（△ＭＶＡ）与ＰＡＲ（△ＰＡＰ）或／和ＬＡＰ降低百分数（△ＬＡＰ）间大致呈３：１比例，△ＬＡＰ与△ＭＶＡ有显著相关性，，ｒ＝０．２５，Ｐ＜０．０５；△ＰＡＰ与△ＬＡＰ间也有非常显著相关性，ｒ＝０．５２，Ｐ＜０．００１；由△ＬＡＰ可分别判断、推算△ＭＶＡ及△ＰＡＰ。结论：本研究提示，ＰＴＭＣ后ＬＡＰ降低百分数与ＭＶＡ增加百分数及ＰＡＰ降低百分数显著相关，由前者可推测后二者变化，可使ＰＴＭＣ效果的判断更简明，并建议将ＬＡＰ降低１／３作为ＰＴＭＣ成功的主要标志。本研究结果有明显临床实用价值，对国内基层医院开展此术更具?

同种带瓣主动脉用于矫正型大动脉转位合并肺动脉狭窄手术治疗

目的将同种带瓣主动脉经过适宜处理后，用以治疗１８例合并肺动脉狭窄的矫正型大动脉转位（ＣＴＧＡ）患者，其中内脏正位（ＳＬＬ）型１４例，内脏反位（ＩＤＤ）型４例，均合并室间隔缺损（ＶＳＤ）。方法手术缝闭肺动脉瓣口，修复ＶＳＤ，用经过冷冻处理的同种带瓣主动脉管道连接功能右心室和肺动脉。结果术后测压：右心室收缩压为３．３～６．４ｋＰａ（２５～４８ｍｍＨｇ），右心室－肺动脉压差０．６６～３．０ｋＰａ（５～２２ｍｍＨｇ），右心室／左心室压比值０．３～０．６。结论采用同种带瓣主动脉能使患者术后血流动力学指标更接近于人体正常生理状态。

冠脉搭桥与瓣膜置换术后肺功能的比较

目的 探讨影响冠状动脉搭桥 (CABG)术后早期肺功能的因素及处理措施。方法 将入住ICU病房的CABG病人 2 4例及瓣膜置换病人 2 7例的呼吸参数进行回顾性比较。结果 ( 1)CABG组病人在给予较高的氧流量 ,才能维持与瓣膜置换组相近的动脉血氧分压 (PaO2 ) ,两组有显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ;( 2 )CABG组呼吸机支持通气超过 2 4小时的有 11例 ,占 45 8%,远高于瓣膜置换组 ,两组有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;( 3)CABG组痰液性状改变、怀疑并发肺部感染、需更改抗生素的有 10例 ,占 41 7%,远远高于瓣膜置换组 ,两组有显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ;( 4 )CABG组住ICU时间 >6天 ,有 10例 ,明显高于瓣膜置换组 ,两组有显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 CABG术后肺功能损害较重 ,宜进行密切监测和有效地防治。

超声心动图诊断完全性大动脉转位合并肺动脉瓣狭窄

完全性大动脉转位（comptete transposition of the great arteries，CTGA）合并室间隔缺损（ventricular spetal defect，VSD）时，常合并动力性肺动脉瓣狭窄（pulmonary valve stenosis，