Effect of nursing on postoperative respiratory function and mental health of lung cancer patients

BACKGROUND Both pulmonary rehabilitation training and psychological care have been shown to have a positive effect on the postoperative recovery of patients with lung cancer.However,few studies have combined the two to explore their combined effect.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the effects of pulmonary rehabil-itation training combined with psychological care on postoperative respiratory function and mental health in lung cancer patients.AIM To investigate effect of nursing on postoperative respiratory function and mental health of lung cancer patients.METHODS 122 cases of lung cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital and were treated in our department from January 2022 to April 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and observation group.The control group performed the routine care intervention.The obser-vation group was given pulmonary rehabilitation training and psychological care based on conventional nursing interventions.Forced expiratory volume,forced vital capacity.Maximum ventilatory volume(MVV)in one second was measured,and the patient's 6-min walking distance and dyspnoea index scale were used to assess the patient's respiratory condition.The Connor-Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),and self-rating depression scale(SDS)were used to evaluate the mental health of the patients.RESULTS There was no difference between the two groups regarding age,gender,education level,surgical procedure,type of pathology,and treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,MVV,6-min walking distance,toughness,strength,optimism,and total CD-RISC scores were significantly higher in the observation group(P<0.05),dyspnoea scores,SAS,and SDS scores were substantially lower in the control group compared to the observation group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Pulmonary rehabilitation training combined with psychological care for patients after lung cancer resection could improve lung function,enhance daily activities,effectively relieve negative emotions such as anxiety and depression,and reduce complications.

Application Effect of External Diaphragm Pacemaker Combined with Active Respiratory Circulation Technology in Pulmonary Rehabilitation of Perioperative Lung Cancer Patients

Aim: To explore the application effect of external diaphragm pacemaker combined with active respiratory circulation technology in pulmonary rehabilitation of perioperative lung cancer patients. Methods: A total of 98 lung cancer patients admitted to our hospital from April 2020 to November 2021 were selected as the observation objects, and then divided into a control group and an observation group using the random number table method, with 49 cases in each group. The control group received routine admission guidance and active respiratory circulation training, while the observation group was supplemented with external diaphragm pacemaker on the basis of the control group. The intervention effect was evaluated by blood gas indicators, pulmonary function indicators, diaphragm function indicators, sputum comfort degree, and activity tolerance indicators before and after intervention. Results: Before intervention, there were no significant differences in blood gas analysis indicators, pulmonary function indicators, diaphragm function indicators, sputum comfort degree, and activity tolerance indicators between the two groups (P > 0.05). After intervention, the improvement degree of the above indicators in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The application of external diaphragm pacemaker combined with active respiratory circulation technology in pulmonary rehabilitation of perioperative lung cancer patients is significant, which can effectively improve the pulmonary function, blood gas function, and diaphragm function of lung cancer patients after surgery, and improve the activities of daily living and quality of life of patients.

Effect of continuous nursing combined with respiratory exercise nursing on pulmonary function of postoperative patients with lung cancer

BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality among cancers.Surgery is currently one of the primary methods of treating lung cancer.Although it can slow down the progression of the disease by removing the lesion,this invasive surgery inevitably damages the integrity of the patient’s chest.Moreover,the patient’s pulmonary function may have a low compensatory capacity after surgery,causing various respiratory diseases such as atelectasis,respiratory function decline,and even serious cardiovascular disease.All of these have great negative impacts on the surgical effect and the prognosis of patients.With the continuous exploration and development of nursing,continuous nursing and respiratory exercise nursing have been gradually applied in the nursing of patients after lung cancer surgery,and have achieved good nursing results.AIM To investigate the effect of continuous nursing combined with respiratory exercise nursing on the pulmonary function of postoperative patients with lung cancer.METHODS A total of 80 patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects.All subjects were randomly divided into the control group(n=40 cases)and the experimental group(n=40 cases).Patients with lung cancer in the control group were given conventional nursing after surgery,while the experimental group was given continuous nursing combined with respiratory exercise nursing based on conventional nursing.The recovery of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms was observed before and after 3 mo of intervention in both groups.The pulmonary function parameters,blood gas analysis,MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-lung cancer module(MDASI-LC)scores,incidence of pulmonary complications,and Morisky compliance scores were compared between the two groups before and after 3 mo of intervention.RESULTS There was no significant difference in pulmonary function and blood gas analysis between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).3 mo after the intervention,the pulmonary function parameters in the experimental group(SpO2,VC,MVV,FEV1,FEV1%pred,and FEV1/FVC)were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in blood gas analysis between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).PaO2 in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and PaCO_(2) was significantly lower than that in the control group 3 mo after the intervention.The difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).3 mo after the intervention,the MDASI score of respiratory symptoms in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the incidence of pulmonary complications was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,the treatment compliance and nursing satisfaction of patients in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Continuous nursing combined with respiratory exercise nursing can significantly accelerate the recovery of respiratory function in postoperative lung cancer patients,reduce the incidence of postoperative complications of lung cancer as well as improve the treatment compliance of patients.

Analysis of factors related to postoperative pulmonary infection in lung cancer patients after recovery from COVID-19

Objective:To explore factors related to postoperative pulmonary infection in lung cancer patients after recovery from COVID-19 and to provide methods for preventing and reducing the incidence of postoperative lung infection in patients with lung cancer.Methods:A total of 92 patients who underwent lung cancer surgery in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery of Yichang Central People’s Hospital from January 28,2023,to March 3,2023,were selected.They were divided into a pulmonary infection group(47 cases)and a nonpulmonary infection group(45 cases)according to whether pulmonary infection occurred.General clinical data of patients were collected and collated to analyse the related influencing factors of pulmonary infection in lung cancer patients after recovery from COVID-19.Results:Univariate analysis showed that patient age(≥60 years),fever after COVID-19 infection,oral and laryngeal symptoms,digestive tract symptoms,neurological symptoms,long-term smoking history,hypertension history,and operation time(≥3 h)were correlated with pulmonary infection(all P<0.05).There was no significant correlation between postoperative pulmonary infection and sex,ocular,nasal and tongue symptoms,systemic symptoms,duration of COVID-19,COPD,lobectomy site,incision pain,mechanical ventilation time(≥6 h),drainage tube retention time(3 d),surgical method(P>0.05).Logistic multivariate analysis showed that age(≥60 years old),long operation time(≥3 h)and long-term smoking history were independent influencing factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with radical resection of lung cancer(P>0.05).Conclusion:In this study,older age(≥60 years old),long-term smoking history,and long operation time(≥3 h)were risk factors for pulmonary infection after lung cancer surgery.In the future,active treatment measures can be taken to address these risk factors during the perioperative period to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection.

Randomized Control Trial on the Efficacy of Dual Bronchodilator of Glycopyrronium/Indacaterol for Lung Cancer Surgery: Improvement of Postoperative Pulmonary Function in Both Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Normal Pulmonary Function

Background: A dual bronchodilator, long-acting anticholine drugs (glycopyrronium, LAMA) and the long running β-2 stimulant (indacaterol, LABA), are effective for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To evaluate the effectiveness of the perioperative intervention of LAMA/LABA, a randomized prospective trial was performed for the lung cancer patients receiving a lobectomy with normal pulmonary function and COPD. Methods: Based on the results of the preoperative pulmonary function test, 25 patients were diagnosed with COPD [% forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%FEV1) < 70%]. Thirty-seven patients were enrolled as non-obstructive patients (70% ≤ %FEV1), who were randomized into two groups, the LAMA/LABA (n = 19) and the Control group (n = 18). The LAMA/LABA and the COPD groups daily received inhaled LAMA (50 μg) and LABA (110 μg) for 1 week before surgery and for least 4 weeks after surgery. The Control group had no treatment of the dual bronchodilator. The actual values were measured during the perioperative pulmonary function at three points of the preoperative baseline, the postoperative 1 week and the postoperative 4 weeks;these changes and changed ratios were then calculated. The patient-reported outcomes of the quality of life (PRO-QOL) were evaluated by the Cancer Dyspnea Scale (CDS), the COPD assessment test, and the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. Results: Regarding the value of FEV1 at the baseline, that in the LAMA/LABA group was 79.2% ± 6.4% and that in the Control group was 80.9% ± 6.4%, but that in the COPD groups was 57.9% ± 8.7%;there was a significant difference between the COPD and the Control group (p < 0.0001). At the postoperative 1 week point, the FEV1 value in the Control group was 1.3 ± 0.5 L and that in the LAMA/LABA group was 1.7 ± 0.5 L. On the other hand, that in the COPD group was 1.7 ± 0.5 L, which was significantly higher compared to that in the Control group (p = 0.0251 and p = 0.0369). The intervention of LAMA/LABA for the COPD and non-obstructive patients resulted in the less decreased degree of the pulmonary function in FEV1 compared to that in the Control group. Based on the PRO-QOL by the CDS, the intervention of LAMA/LABA significantly reduced the total dyspnea in the LAMA/LABA group compared to that in the Control group (p = 0.0348). Conclusion: The perioperative intervention of LAMA/LABA should lead to maintaining the postoperative pulmonary function of the FEV1 during the lobectomy with COPD and non-obstructive patients and the improvement of PRO-QOL.

Effect of Inhaled Tiotropium as the Perioperative Management of Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Resection for Primary Lung Cancer

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of perioperative tiotropium therapy for patients undergoing pulmonary resection for primary lung cancer. The short-term tiotropium effect was investigated by perioperative pulmonary function and “lung age”. Methods: The fifty-five patients who underwent a lobectomy and had tiotropium treatment available from October 2007 through May 2009 were the subjects. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to their airway limitation such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or a history of smoking;those with COPD (%FEV1 ≤70%, C-group, n = 22), smokers (%FEV1 > 70%, S-group, n = 10) and non-smokers (%FEV1 > 70%, N-group, n = 23). As the bronchodilator groups, the C- and S-groups received inhaled tiotropium bromide (18 μg once daily) for 1 week before surgery until at least 3 weeks after surgery without interruption, and as a control, the N-group had no treatment. The preoperative baselines, the predicted postoperative values, and the actual postoperative ones were measured by the pulmonary function test. The changed rates were calculated and denoted as ΔVC, ΔFEV1, ΔVC%, and ΔFEV1/FVC, from the baseline of the predicted postoperative values. The mean “real age” and “lung age” were calculated. Results: In the S-group, the parameters of ΔVC, ΔFEV1, ΔVC%, and ΔFEV1/FVC significantly increased compared to those of the N-group. In the C-group, the increased extents of ΔFEV1 and ΔFEV1/FVC were lower compared to those in the S-group (not significant). In the N-group, the parameters of ΔVC, ΔFEV1, and ΔVC% decreased. The postoperative “lung age” and “real age” were increased to 29.5 ± 18.0 year-old in the C-group, 25.8 ± 18.0 in the S-group, and 24.7 ± 17.0 in the N-group. Lung resection affected the “lung age”;the aging was a 28.9 ± 12.7 year-old increase in the N-group. In the C- and S-group, the “lung age” was a 14-year-old increase. The effect of tiotropium treatment affected the “lung age” as a 15-year-old increase. Conclusion: Perioperative interventional tiotropium contributed to the lobectomy patients with COPD and for smokers with a non-obstructive airway and played a role of preserving the postoperative lung function.

Surgical outcomes of pulmonary resection for lung cancer after neo-adjuvant treatment

AIM: To evaluate the outcomes of surgery for lung cancer after induction therapy.METHODS: Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(ACSNSQIP) database(2005-2012), we identified 4063 patients who underwent a pulmonary resection for lung cancer. Two hundred and thirty-six(5.8%) received neo-adjuvant therapy prior to surgery(64 chemo-radiation, 103 radiation alone, 69 chemotherapy alone). The outcomes were compared to 3827 patients(94.2%) treated with surgery alone. Primary outcome was 30-d mortality, and secondary outcomes included length of stay, operative time and NSQIP measured postoperative complications.RESULTS: Lung cancer patients who received preoperative treatment were younger(66 vs 69, P < 0.001), were more likely to have experienced recent weight loss(6.8% vs 3.5%; P = 0.011), to be active smokers(48.3 vs 34.9, P < 0.001), and had lower preoperative hematological cell counts(abnormal white blood cell: 25.6 vs 13.4; P < 0.001; low hematocrit 53% vs 17.3%, P < 0.001). On unadjusted analysis, neo-adjuvant patients had significantly higher 30-d mortality, overall and serious morbidity(all P < 0.001). Adjusted analysis showed similar findings, while matched cohorts comparison confirmed higher morbidity, but not higher early mortality.CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that patients who receive neo-adjuvant therapy for lung cancer have worse early surgical outcomes. Although NSQIP does not provide stage information, this analysis shows important findings that should be considered when selecting patients for induction treatment.

Preoperative Exercise Testing Is a Better Predictor of Postoperative Complications than Pulmonary Function Testing for Patients with Lung Cancer

Objective: The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the feasibility of exercise testing (ET) for predicting postoperative complications in patients with impaired pulmonary function. Methods: Thirteen patients were prospectively enrolled. The enrollment criteria were FEV1.0% 8 by the Goddard classification or interstitial pneumonia on chest computed tomography. Patients underwent testing for pulmonary function, six-minute walking test (6MWT), and stair-climbing test (SCT). Postoperative cardiopulmonary complications (PCPCs) were recorded. Results: Four patients developed PCPCs. There were no significant differences between the patients with PCPCs (n = 4) and those without PCPCs (n = 9) for background data and PFT. The distances achieved in the 6MWT were 503 ± 72.7 m for patients without PCPCs and 369 ± 50.7 m for patients with PCPCs (p = 0.011). The SCT climbing heights were 20.4 ± 5.3 m for patients without PCPCs and 14.9 ± 4.0 m for patients with PCPCs (P = 0.187). Cut-off points, including a 6MFT distance of less than 400 m, SCT height lower than 15 m, and SCT climbing speed less than 8.5 m/min, were predictive of CPCP. Conclusions: Exercise testing is more feasible for predicting postoperative cardiopulmonary complications than stationary pulmonary function testing.

Risk factors of morbidity after pulmonary resection for lung cancer in patients older than 70 years

Objective This study is to analyse the clinical feature and risk factors of morbidity after pulmonary resection for lung cancer in patients older than 70 years. Methods The clinical records of 222 patients older than 70 years who had undergone pulmonary resection for their lung cancer were reviewed. The patients were divided into 3 groups,group I including the patients who had

Effect of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy on Lung Function, Cognitive Function and Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Radical Esophageal Cancer Surgery under One-Lung Ventilation

Objective: To explore the effects of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on lung function, cognitive function and inflammatory response in patients undergoing radical esophageal cancer surgery under one-lung ventilation. Methods: Sixty-seven patients undergoing radical esophageal cancer surgery were divided into GDFT group (GDFT therapy) and control group (conventional liquid therapy). The changes in patients’ pulmonary function, cognitive function and inflammatory response were evaluated. Results: Both alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference [P(A-a)O2] and respiratory index (RI) increased at one-lung ventilation for 30 minutes (T2) and decreased at one-lung ventilation for 60 minutes (T3), and after surgery (T4) in the two groups, and the GDFT group was lower than the control group (P < 0.05);theoxygenation index (OI) of the two groups decreased at T2, T3, and T4 compared with that at T1 (before one-lung ventilation), and the GDFT group was higher than the control group (P < 0.05). At T4 and T5, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), central nervous system specific protein (S100β), and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the GDFT group were lower compared to the control group (P < 0.05), while interleukin-10 (IL-10) was higher compared to the control group (P < 0.05);the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) in the GDFT group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: GDFT can help prevent lung injury during radical esophageal cancer surgery under one-lung ventilation, reduce the body’s inflammatory response, and reduce the incidence of perioperative cognitive disorder to a certain extent.

Effect of Impaired Lung Function on the Development and Progression of Endobronchial Premalignant Lesions

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and presence of endobronchial premalignant lesions (EPL) are individual risk factors for lung cancer (LC). However, effect of impaired lung function (ILF) on the natural history of EPL has not been explored. Patients and Methods: This study included 217 high-risk participants from a hospital-based LC surveillance cohort who underwent pulmonary function testing followed by bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsies. Baseline histopathology diagnoses included 91 cases (41.9%) with squamous metaplasia (SM), 25 (11.5%) with squamous dysplasia (SD), 1 (0.5%) with in-situ carcinoma and 5 (2.3%) with invasive LC. Follow-up biopsies were obtained for 69 patients, and 16 (23.2%) patients demonstrated progression to a higher grade lesion. Regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between ILF and EPL. All the models were adjusted for age, gender and tobacco smoking. Results: Patients with FEV1% of <50% had 4.5 times greater risk of being diagnosed with an EPL [95% confidence interval: 1.93-10.80] and 8-fold greater risk of SD, compared to patients with FEV1% ≥80. COPD was associated with 2.7 and 4.8 times greater risk of SM and SD, respectively. The mean time to progression to a higher-grade lesion was shorter in COPD patients compared to patients without COPD (27 versus 50 months, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our results indicate that ILF may be a predictor of prevalence and progression of EPLs among patients at high risk of LC. Therefore, spirometry can be a complementary pre-screening tool for identifying patients with EPL who need more intense LC surveillance.

Commentary on impact of pulmonary function on robotic pulmonary resection

Buitrago and colleagues should be commended on an excellent case report on the effective use of the robotic platform for a successful minimally invasive left lower lobectomy for a patient with biopsy proven squamous cell carcinoma.1 Despite a predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in one second(ppoFEV1)of 23%and a preoperative diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide(DLCO)of 21%,the patient underwent a lobectomy without any intraoperative complications or evidence of disease at 15 months follow-up.Lymph node sampling was performed from 5 stations.The postoperative length of staywas not clearly stated.The authors made several interesting points about the impact of pulmonary function on postoperative outcomes,the oncological efficacy of lobectomy versus sublobar resections,and merits of roboticassisted thoracoscopic surgery(RATS)versus thoracotomy and conventional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS).We would like to discuss these points in further detail based on the available evidence in the current literature.

Successful Two-Stage Surgical Treatment for Lung Cancer in a Patient with Contralateral Giant Emphysematous Bullae

A 67-year-old man was referred for further evaluation of an abnormal chest roentgenogram. Computed tomography showed a 40 × 30 mm mass in the left upper lobe. A giant bulla occupying about two-thirds of the right thorax was found compressing the adjacent lung parenchyma, shifting the mediastinum to the left. The mass was a primary lung cancer, clinical T2aN0M0, stage IB. Preoperative respiratory function evaluation showed poor pulmonary function, with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 1070 ml (29.2% of predicted). Therefore, we first performed giant bullectomy by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. At 1 month after this operation, improvement of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second significantly to 2140 ml (80.1% of predicted) was observed. Therefore, we performed resection for the tumor. He was discharged after an uneventful postoperative course, and has remained in good condition for 6 months after the operation.

Impact of compromised pulmonary function on major lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer： retrospective study of 127 cases

Background Radical lung resection is the best chance for cure in patients with anatomically resectable non-small cell lung cancer. A retrospective study was performed in an attempt to investigate general rules of major lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with compromised pulmonary function. Methods Between June 2002 and December 2008, major lung resection was performed in 127 non-small cell lung cancer patients at our institution, who met the criteria of compromised pulmonary function defined as preoperative forced vital capacity 〈50% of prediction or preoperative forced expiratory volume in one second 〈50% of prediction. Clinical data of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results The patients consisted of 108 males （85.0%） and 19 females （15.0%） with a mean age of 61.7 years. The morbidity rate was 44.1% （56/127） and the mortality rate was 4.7% （6/127）. Multivariate analysis identified PaCO2 （P=0.023, OR=2.959, 95% Cl 1.164-7.522）, the percent predicted postoperative diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide （P=0.001, OR=0.176, 95% Cl 0.064-0.480） and comprehensive preoperative preparation （P=0.048, OR=0.417, 95% Cl 0.176-0.993） as the independent predictors of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications that were found in 45 cases. Overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 90%, 55% and 37% respectively. For overall survival, multivariate analysis revealed that TNM staging （P=0.004, OR=1.585, 95% Cl 1.154-2.178） was the only independent prognostic factor. Conclusions On the premise of integrated preoperative evaluation and comprehensive preoperative preparation, major lung resection provides an optimal therapeutic for selected non-small cell lung cancer patients with compromised pulmonary function. Hypercapnea and the percent predicted postoperative diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide 〈40% could be considered as the independent predictive factors for operative risk in those Datients.

右美托咪定复合舒芬太尼病人自控静脉镇痛对胸腔镜下肺癌根治术病人术后免疫功能及呼吸功能恢复的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)复合舒芬太尼静脉病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)对胸腔镜下肺癌根治术病人术后免疫功能和呼吸功能恢复的影响。方法2020年10月~2022年6月在我院选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期行胸腔镜下肺癌根治术病人92例,按随机数字表分为舒芬太尼PCIA组(S组)和Dex复合舒芬太尼PCIA组(D组),每组46例,S组有1例术后出血,退出实验,D组有1例术中大出血,退出实验。S组术后PCIA采用舒芬太尼注射液每天1.0μg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼20 mg/150 ml,D组采用Dex每天1.0μg/kg+舒芬太尼注射液每天1.0μg/kg+盐酸托烷司琼20 mg/150ml。记录病人术前1天(T_(0)),术后24小时(T_(1))、48小时(T_(2))、72小时(T_(3))四个时间点的静息、咳嗽疼痛数字评分量表(NRS)评分,SAS评分,抽取静脉血检测CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CRP、PCT,动脉血行血气分析,计算氧合指数(OI);在T_(2)进行临床肺部感染评分(CPIS)、记录低氧血症、肺水肿、不良反应恶心呕吐、嗜睡、心动过缓、呼吸抑制及寒战的发生情况。结果与S组比较,D组在T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)三个时间点,静息、咳嗽NRS评分,SAS评分、CRP、PCT均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、OI值升高,CD8^(+)仅在T_(1)较低(P<0.05);T_(0)时两组静息、咳嗽NRS评分,SAS评分,CD3^(+),CD4^(+),CD8^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+),CRP,PCT,OI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与T_(0)时比较,两组病人在T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)三个时间点静息、咳嗽NRS评分、CRP、PCT明显升高,CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)、OI、SAS评分降低,CD8^(+)仅在T_(1)、T_(2)升高(P<0.05)。与S组比较,D组恶心呕吐比例和CPIS评分降低[8(17.8%)例、(3.5±1.3)分vs.1(2.2)例、(1.2±1.1)分],低氧血症和肺水肿发生率、嗜睡、心动过缓、呼吸抑制、寒战比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论Dex复合舒芬太尼PCIA具有较好的镇痛、镇静效果,即减轻了手术创伤造成的免疫功能抑制程度,又减少阿片类药物的不良反应,还有利于病人术后呼吸功能的恢复,是胸腔镜下肺癌根治术后较安全的PCIA方式。

早期分阶段肺康复在肺叶切除术重症肺癌患者中的应用

目的分析早期分阶段肺康复方案对肺叶切除术重症肺癌患者肺功能、癌因性疲乏及身体活动量的影响。方法随机抽样选取2019年6月至2020年5月于新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院行肺叶切除术的112例重症肺癌患者为研究对象。按照入组先后顺序将其分为对照组和观察组,每组56例,2组患者基线资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。对照组给予常规康复护理,观察组在对照组基础上添加早期分阶段肺康复方案干预,对2组患者进行为期18个月的随访研究,比较2组患者干预前或术前3 d以及干预后1、6、18个月肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)]、癌因性疲乏发生率、每日身体活动时间、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分。结果观察组癌因性疲乏发生率(44.64%)低于对照组(64.29%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.037)。重复测量方差分析显示,FEV1、FEV1/FVC、每日身体活动时间、SAS评分、SDS评分主体内效应及主体间效应有统计学意义(P<0.05),FEV1、FEV1/FVC、每日身体活动时间、SAS评分、SDS评分随时间发生变化,且因组别不同而存在差异。干预后1、6、18个月,观察组FEV1、FEV1/FVC、每日身体活动时间高于对照组,SAS评分、SDS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在常规康复护理基础上添加早期分阶段肺康复干预,能够改善肺叶切除术重症肺癌患者远期肺功能与负性情绪,降低癌因性疲乏发生率,提高身体活动量。

单孔胸腔镜肺楔形切除术对早期肺癌患者的疗效及对肺功能的影响

目的探讨单孔胸腔镜肺楔形切除术对早期肺癌患者的治疗效果及对肺功能的影响。方法选用120例早期肺癌患者为研究对象,随机分为两组(研究组、对照组各60例)。对照组采用解剖性肺段切除术,研究组采用单孔胸腔镜肺楔形切除术,比较两组治疗后手术相关指标、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、肺功能指标及并发症发生率。结果研究组术后住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量等手术指标均优于对照组(P<0.05);术后两组VAS评分均上涨(P<0.05),但研究组VAS评分较对照组明显降低(P<0.05);两组肺功能指标均发生显著变化(P<0.05),研究组FEV1、MVV、FVC水平较对照组明显升高(P<0.05);研究组肺感染、肺漏气、肺不张、呼吸衰竭等并发症的总发生率较对照组明显下降(P<0.05)。结论对早期肺癌患者采用单孔胸腔镜肺楔形切除术治疗,效果较为理想,创伤小,恢复快,对肺功能影响不严重,临床应用价值较高。

肺叶切除术、肺楔形切除术与肺段切除术治疗老年Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效及对预后的影响

目的 对比肺叶切除术、肺楔形切除术与肺段切除术治疗老年Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的疗效及对预后的影响。方法 将105例老年Ⅰ期NSCLC患者按手术方式的不同分为A组(肺叶切除术,n=36)、B组(肺楔形切除术,n=32)、C组(肺段切除术,n=37)。比较3组患者围手术期指标、围手术期并发症发生情况、肺功能指标[用力肺活量(FVC)、肺一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO)、最大通气量(MVV)]、术后随访情况(复发、远处转移和死亡)。结果 B组患者手术时间、术后引流时间、术后住院时间均短于A组、C组,C组患者手术时间短于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。3组患者围手术期并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。术后6个月,A组患者FVC、DLCO均较术前降低,B组、C组患者FVC、DLCO、MVV均高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后随访1年,3组患者复发、远处转移情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),3组患者均未出现死亡。结论 亚肺叶切除术可促进老年Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后恢复和肺功能改善,建议临床根据患者实际情况选择术式。

胸腔镜下肺楔形切除术用于老年肺癌患者的效果及对呼吸功能、应激指标的影响

目的:探讨胸腔镜下肺楔形切除术用于老年肺癌的效果及对呼吸功能、应激指标的影响。方法:选取2020年1月—2023年1月无锡市第二人民医院收治的102例老年肺癌患者,按照随机数表法分为两组,研究组(n=51)采用胸腔镜下肺楔形切除术,对照组(n=51)采用胸腔镜下常规肺叶切除术,对比两组围手术期指标(手术时间、术中出血量、胸引流管留置时间、引流量、住院时间)、呼吸功能指标如第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、一秒率[FEV_(1)/用力肺活量(FVC)%]、最大呼气流量(PEF)、应激指标[皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AT-Ⅱ)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)]、并发症(切口感染、肺漏气、乳糜胸)。结果:研究组胸引流管留置时间、住院时间均短于对照组,且术中出血量、引流量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组手术时间对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3个月,两组FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)/FVC%、PEF较术前均降低,但研究组FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)/FVC%、PEF均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后即刻,两组Cor、NE、AT-Ⅱ、SAA水平均升高,但研究组Cor、NE、AT-Ⅱ、SAA水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在老年肺癌患者中行胸腔镜下肺楔形切除术能够获得较好的疗效,且对应激水平的影响较小,减少术后肺功能损伤程度,术后并发症少。

管状胃-食管吻合术联合胸腔镜食管癌切除术治疗食管癌的效果及对胃肠功能的影响

目的探讨分析管状胃-食管吻合术联合胸腔镜食管癌切除术治疗食管癌的效果及对胃肠功能的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2023年1月我院收治的70例食管癌患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各35例。两组均实施胸腔镜食管癌切除术,对照组联合应用全胃代食管吻合术重建消化道,观察组联合应用管状胃-食管吻合术重建消化道。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的手术时间、腹腔引流时间及住院时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组(P<0.05)。术后,观察组的胸胃静息压、蠕动收缩压及蠕动频率高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后,观察组的肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)及第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))/FVC高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后,观察组的皮质醇(Cor)及β-内啡肽(β-EP)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论管状胃-食管吻合术联合胸腔镜食管癌切除术治疗食管癌能提高手术效果,缩短手术时间和术后恢复时间,减少术中出血量,减轻对胃肠功能、肺功能造成的影响,下调机体应激反应,值得推广。