Prognostic role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with non-metastatic and metastatic prostate cancer:A meta-analysis and systematic review

Objective: To analyze data available in the literature regarding a possible prognostic value of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients stratified in non-metastatic and metastatic diseases.Methods: A literature search process was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. In our meta-analysis, the pooled event rate estimated and the pooled hazard ratio were calculated using a random effect model.Results: Forty-two articles were selected for our analysis. The pooled risk difference for non-organ confined PCa between high and low NLR cases was 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.03-0.15) and between high and low PLR cases increased to 0.30 (95% CI: 0.16-0.43). In non-metastatic PCa cases, the pooled hazard ratio for overall mortality between high and low NLR was 1.33 (95% CI: 0.78-1.88) and between high and low PLR was 1.47 (95% CI: 0.91-2.03), whereas in metastatic PCa cases, between high and low NLR was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.44-2.13) and between high and low PLR was 1.05 (95% CI: 0.87-1.24).Conclusion: The prognostic values of NLR and PLR in terms of PCa characteristics and responses after treatment show a high level of heterogeneity of results among studies. These two ratios can represent the inflammatory and immunity status of the patient related to several conditions. A higher predictive value is related to a high NLR in terms of risk for overall mortality in metastatic PCa cases under systemic treatments.

Comprehensive treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation:a case report

Retrospective analysis of the progression of a case of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation:the patient was a 65 year old man with prostate adenocarcinoma on prostate biopsy,Gleason 4+4 score=8,70%,ISUP4 group,localized invasion of nerves.Progressed to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after 8 months of novel endocrine therapy,persistent elevated PSA after endocrine therapy,chemotherapy,and radiation,abdominal metastasis,brain metastasis,gastric metastasis,and staging as neuroendocrine differentiation after second prostate biopsy,which is a highly malignant subtype and has been concerned as a mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies.We discuss how to choose a more optimal treatment plan and outline the patient's diagnostic and therapeutic course.We provide a reflection for the clinical study of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with neuroendocrine type.

Rectal neuroendocrine tumor with uncommon metastatic spread:A case report and review of literature

Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are rare neoplasms. Rectal neuroendocrine tumors consist approximately the 5%-14% of all neuroendocrine neoplasms in Europe. These tumors are diagnosed in relatively young patients,with a mean age at diagnosis of 56 years. Distant metastases from rectal neuroendocrine tumors are not very common. Herein we describe a case of a rectal neuroendocrine tumor which metastasized to the lung,mediastinum and orbit. This case underscores the importance of early identification and optimal management to improve patient's prognosis. Therefore,the clinical significance of this case is the necessity of physicians' awareness and education regarding neuroendocrine tumors' diagnosis and management.

Serum testosterone suppression and potential for agonistic stimulation during chronic treatment with monthly depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for metastatic prostate cancer

Objective： We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of serum testosterone suppression as well as the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment with monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods： A total of 23 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were enrolled in the prospective study and received 6 monthly intramuscular depot injections of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres. Their levels and patterns of serum testosterone suppression and the potential for agonistic stimulation of serum testosterone were monitored following injection monthly （3.75 rag） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres for 24 weeks. Results： Mean testosterone was 431.4 ng/dL, 119.3 ng/dL, 28.2 ng/dL by week 1, 2, 3 and decreased to less than 15.6 ng/dL by week 4 where it remained throughout the treatment period. Median time to suppression of serum testosterone was 20.7 days. No transient minor ＂escape＂ from suppression occurred in all patients which was defined as a single testosterone value greater than 50 ng/dL once suppression was achieved. Assessment of agonistic stimulation following the second depot injection revealed no pattern of stimulation. Conclusion： We concluded that monthly （3.75 mg） depot formulation of domestic substitute of leuprorelin acetate microspheres could provide persistent, stable suppression of serum testosterone throughout the dosing intervals, and that the initial depot injection of this formulation also could provide sufficient pituitary desensitization to prevent agnostic stimulation of serum testosterone during chronic treatment.

Prognostic impact of metastatic lymph node ratio on gastric cancer after curative distal gastrectomy

AIM:To investigate the prognostic impact of metastatic lymph node ratio(rN) on gastric cancer after curative distal gastrectomy.METHODS:A total of 634 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection(R0) of lymph nodes at distal gastrectomy in 1995-2004.Correlations between positive nodes and retrieved nodes,between rN and retrieved nodes,and between rN and negative lymph node(LN) count were analyzed respectively.Prognostic factors were identif ied by univariate and multivariate analyses.Staging accuracy of the pN category(5th UICC/TNM system) and the rN category was compared according to the survival rates of patients.A linear regression model was used to identify the relation between rN and 5-year survival rate of the patients.RESULTS:The number of dissected LNs was related with metastatic LNs but not related with rN.Cox regression analysis showed that depth of invasion,pN and rN category were the independent predictors of survival(P < 0.05).There was a signif icant difference in survival between LN stages classif ied by the rN category or by the pN category(P < 0.05).However,no signif icant difference was found in survival rate between LN stages classif ied by the pN category or by the rN category(P > 0.05).Linear regression model showed a signif icant linear correlation between rN and the 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients(β = 0.862,P < 0.001).Pearson's correlation test revealed that negative LN count was negatively correlated with rN(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:rN category is a better prognostic tool than the 5th UICC pN category for gastric cancer patients after curative distal gastrectomy.Increased negative LN count can reduce rN and improve the survival rate of gastric cancer patients.

Primary pulmonary meningioma and minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules: Rare pulmonary nodular lesions requiring more awareness in clinical practice

In this editorial,we comment on an article by Ruan et al published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Case.Pulmonary meningothelial proliferative lesions,including primary pulmonary meningiomas,minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules,and metastatic pulmonary meningiomas are rare pulmonary lesions.These lesions are difficult to differentiate from lung cancers based on clinical and imaging manifestations.Herein,we briefly introduce the clinical,imaging,and pathological characteristics of these lesions and discuss their pathogenesis to strengthen the current understanding of pulmonary meningothelial proliferative lesions in clinical diagnosis and therapy.

Metastatic stomach lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy:A case report

BACKGROUND Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma(PLELC)is a rare type of nonsmall-cell lung cancer.Stomach lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma(LELC)metastasis secondary to PLELC has not been reported recently.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for a regular gastroscopy examination with a 6-year history of surgical resection for left PLELC.Positron emission tomography/computed tomography suggested high accumulation of 18F-fludeoxyglucose in the gastric cardia region.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy confirmed a large mass at the stomach fundus.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)of the biopsy suggested metastatic stomach LELC.Proximal gastrectomy showed that this 6.5 cm×5.0 cm mass was located in the stomach fundus near the cardia.Histopathological examination showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma with prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltration.IHC demonstrated that the tumor was positive for CK(AE1/AE3),p63,p40,p53,Ki-67(70%),and EGFR(3+)and negative for CK7,CK20,Her2,and CD10.In situ hybridization analysis showed positive staining Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA.Tumor programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)expression score was 98%,and the combined positive score was 100,with no evidence of microsatellite instability.Thus,the patient was unequivocally diagnosed with metastatic stomach LELC secondary to pulmonary LELC.After discharge,this patient underwent PD-1 inhibitor treatment(toripalimab,240 mg)every 3 wk for ten cycles,and she has had no tumor recurrence.CONCLUSION For gastric LELC metastasis,PD-1 inhibitor therapy could become a new therapeutic approach,though there is still no evidence from large data sets to support this.

Sericin microparticles enveloped with metal-organic networks as a pulmonary targeting delivery system for intra-tracheally treating metastatic lung cancer

Chemotherapy is one of the major approaches for the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.However,systemic chemotherapy is limited by poor therapeutic efficiency and severe toxic side effects,due to the extremely low delivery efficacy and non-specificity of anticancer drugs.Herein,we report a sericin microparticles enveloped with metal-organic networks as a pulmonary delivery system for treating lung metastasis of breast cancer in an animal model.The sericin microparticles(SMPs)were prepared using water in oil(w/o)emulsification method.After doxorubicin(DOX)loading,tannic acid(TA)/ferric irons(Fe3+)based metal organic networks(MON)were coated on the particles to obtain DOX-loaded microparticles(DOX@SMPs-MON).The SMPs-MON with good biocompatibility could effectively encapsulate DOX and sustainably unload cargos in a pH-dependent manner.The DOX-loaded microparticles could be uptaken by 4T1 cells,and effectively kill the cancer cells.In vivo,DOX@SMPs-MON was deposited in the lungs and remained for over 5 days after pulmonary administration.In contrast to conventional DOX treatment that did not show significantly inhibitory effects on lung metastatic tumor,DOX@SMPs-MON markedly decreased the number and size of metastatic nodules in lungs,and the lung weight and appearance were similar to those of healthy mice.In summary,the sericin microparticles with MON wrapping might be a promising pulmonary delivery system for treating lung metastatic cancer.

Efficacy and clinical outcome of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy as first-line treatment in patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer

Background:Endocrine therapy(ET)and ET-based regimens are the preferred first-line treatment options for hormone receptor(HR)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer(HR+/HER2-MBC),while chemotherapy(CT)is commonly used in clinical practice.The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and clinical outcome of ET and CT as first-line treatment in Chinese patients with HR+/HER2-MBC.Methods:Patients diagnosed with HR+/HER2-MBC between January 1st,1996 and September 30th,2018 were screened from the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer database.The initial and maintenance first-line treatment,progression-free survival(PFS),and overall survival(OS)were analyzed.Results:Among the 1877 included patients,1215(64.7%)received CT and 662(35.3%)received ET as initial first-line treatment.There were no statistically significant differences in PFS and OS between patients receiving ET and CT as initial first-line treatment in the total population(PFS:12.0 vs.11.0 months,P=0.22;OS:54.0 vs.49.0 months,P=0.09)and propensity score matched population.For patients without disease progression after at least 3 months of initial therapy,maintenance ET following initial CT(CT-ET cohort,n=449)and continuous schedule of ET(ET cohort,n=527)had longer PFS than continuous schedule of CT(CT cohort,n=406)in the total population(CT-ET cohort vs.CT cohort:17.0 vs.8.5 months;P<0.01;ET cohort vs.CT cohort:14.0 vs.8.5 months;P<0.01)and propensity score matched population.OS in the three cohorts yielded the same results as PFS.Conclusions:ET was associated with similar clinical outcome to CT as initial first-line treatment.For patients without disease progression after initial CT,switching to maintenance ET showed superiority in clinical outcome over continuous schedule of CT.

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术并发症发生的影响因素分析

背景与目的 计算机断层扫描引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术(computed tomography guided percutaneous lung biopsy,CT-PLB)是目前临床广泛应用的肺部病变诊断方式,但其为有创检查,最常见的并发症为气胸和肺出血,严重时可危及生命。本研究旨在分析影响CT-PLB不同并发症发生的独立危险因素,以降低并发症发生率。方法回顾性分析2018年5月至2019年12月于我院行CT-PLB且临床资料完整的605例患者的资料。依病变位置分为胸膜下组和非胸膜下组,根据并发症分为气胸组、肺出血组、气胸合并肺出血组及无气胸/肺出血组,计算各并发症的发生率。分析影响不同并发症发生的危险因素及各并发症的独立危险因素。结果气胸发生率为34.1%,肺出血发生率为28.1%,同时发生气胸及肺出血63例,发生率为10.8%。影响胸膜下组气胸发生的独立危险因素为病变大小(P=0.002)。影响非胸膜下组气胸发生的独立危险因素为穿刺针走行区域平扫CT值(P=0.035)、穿刺针经过肺组织长度(P=0.003)、穿刺针经过胸壁厚度(P=0.020);影响非胸膜下组肺出血发生的独立危险因素为穿刺针经过肺组织长度(P<0.001)、穿刺针走行区域△CT值(P=0.001)、病变大小(P=0.034)及患者体位(P=0.014)。影响气胸、肺出血同时发生的独立危险因素为穿刺针经过肺组织长度(P<0.001)、穿刺针走行区域△CT值(P<0.001)。结论 CT-PLB是一种安全、有效的诊断方式,对肺部占位性病变具有较高的诊断价值,选择合适的穿刺方案可减少气胸、肺出血等并发症,提高诊疗效率。

Cavitary Pulmonary Metastases: CT Features and Their Correlation with the Pathology of the Primary Malignancy

Objective: To study CT features of cavitary pulmonary metastases and to investigate the pos- sible relationship between CT features and the pathology of the primary lesions. Methods: CT ?ndings of 131 cavitary metastatic nodules in 40 patients with pathologically-proved pulmonary metastases were retrospectively analyzed. A comparison between CT signs and the pathologic types of the primary tumors was made. Results: Cavitary metastases and multiple solid nodules coexisted in all patients. Cavitary metastases presented as bubble (n=41), irregular (n=33), cystic (n=26) or small circular (n=31) cavities, with even (n=61) or uneven (n=70) thickness of the cavity wall. Of 131 cavitary nodules, diameter less than 15 mm was seen in 44, between 15–25 mm in 66, 25–40 mm in 17 and larger than 40 mm in 4 respectively. And the wall thickness of the cavity below 4 mm, between 4–15 mm and over 15 mm was respectively seen in 69, 44 and 18 metastatic nodules. Cavitary pulmonary metastases mainly occurred in patients whose primary malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma (n=13) or adenocarcinoma (n=22). Both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma had its own CT characteristics. The occurrence of cavity bore no relationship to its site in the lung. Conclusion: Cavitary pulmonary metastases carries certain CT features and its occurrence is related to the pathologic type of the primary malignancy.

132例单发肺转移瘤的胸腔镜治疗分析

目的 探索胸腔镜治疗单发肺转移瘤(single-pulmonary metastatic tumor,SPMT)患者的恰当术式。方法 回顾性分析本院2018年1月至2020年12月间行胸腔镜肺转移瘤切除术(video-assisted pulmonary metastasectomy,VAPM)治疗的132例SPMT患者的一般临床资料和术后病理检查结果。对原发肿瘤类型、病灶大小、Ki-67指数、切除边缘是否阳性和是否发生局部浸润进行分析。结果 132例SPMT患者中,男性78例(59.1%),女性54例(40.9%);年龄(62.0±6.8)岁。解剖性VAPM术式37例(28.0%),非解剖性VAPM术式95例(72.0%)。两组术式的手术用时和术中出血量比较,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.01);住院日比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后病理报告PMT源自甲状腺癌3例(2.3%)、乳腺癌19例(14.4%)、消化系统恶性肿瘤39例(29.5%)、泌尿系统恶性肿瘤48例(36.4%)、生殖系统恶性肿瘤11例(8.3%)和软组织肉瘤等其他组织来源恶性肿瘤12例(9.1%)。PMT局部浸润30例(22.7%)。脉管浸润和胸膜浸润在两个术式亚组间和不同原发肿瘤类型组间比较,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,PMT影像学最大径(OR=4.663,95%CI:3.191~6.325,P<0.01)和病理类型(OR=2.408,95%CI:1.707~2.917,P<0.05)是PMT发生局部浸润的独立影响因素;而PMT影像学最大径(OR=2.294,95%CI:1.271~3.870,P<0.05)和位置(OR=4.358,95%CI:2.294~6.495,P<0.01)是术式选择的独立影响因素。受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析获得选择解剖性术式的PMT影像学最大径的截断值为15.5 mm,特异度为82.1%,敏感度为62.2%。结论 VAPM是治疗SPMT患者安全且有效的方法。PMT影像学最大径是选择解剖性/非解剖性VAPM术式重要但不是唯一因素,应该重视原发肿瘤的病理类型及其特性。

超声细微特征鉴别卵巢多房囊性、囊实性肿瘤来源的价值

目的探讨超声细微特征在鉴别卵巢多房囊性、囊实性肿瘤来源的价值。方法选取河北医科大学第四医院超声诊断为卵巢多房囊性、囊实性肿瘤的患者246例作为研究对象,观察并记录肿瘤的超声细微特征。结合其临床特征和组织学分类,分析超声细微特征与卵巢原发性肿瘤、转移瘤的关系。结果246例卵巢肿瘤的组织学类型:原发性肿瘤217例(88.21%)和转移瘤29例(11.79%);在原发性肿瘤中,良性肿瘤62例(25.20%),以浆液性和黏液性囊腺瘤为主;交界性肿瘤27例(10.98%);恶性肿瘤128例(52.03%),以浆液性和黏液性囊腺癌为主;在转移瘤中,以原发部位结-直肠为主。临床特征:与原发性肿瘤相比,转移瘤的发病年龄较高,差异有统计学意义[(60.80±8.04)岁vs.(51.29±12.32)岁,P=0.035];原发性肿瘤组均无其他部位肿瘤的确诊病史,而转移瘤组中有9例在发现卵巢肿瘤时已有其他部位肿瘤确诊史(P<0.001);转移瘤组的血清CA199≥37000 U/L者多于原发性肿瘤组,差异有统计学意义[24(11.06%)vs.17(58.62%),P<0.001];其余临床特征2组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。超声细微特征:与原发性肿瘤相比,卵巢转移瘤具有瘤体较大[(15.7±4.80)cm vs.(9.54±3.96)cm,P<0.001]、瘤内囊腔个数≥10者较多(55.17%vs.18.89%,P<0.001)、壁结节少见(6.90%vs.21.66%,P=0.007)但直径较大[(1.44±0.36)cm vs.(0.97±0.39)cm,P=0.031]以及彩色多普勒血流阻力指数低(0.46±0.07 vs.0.61±0.13,P<0.001)的特点。结论当超声诊断卵巢多房囊性、囊实性肿物时,特别是同时伴发其他部位恶性肿瘤,利用超声细微特征可提高鉴别卵巢肿物来源的能力。

Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Pulmonary benign metastatic leiomyoma(PBML),which is very rare,is a type of benign metastatic leiomyoma(BML).Here,we report a case of PBML,finally diagnosed through multidisciplinary team(MDT)discussions,and provide a literature review of the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 55-year old asymptomatic woman was found to have bilateral multiple lung nodules on a chest high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT)scan.Her medical history included total hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma.The patient was diagnosed with PBML,on the basis of her clinical history,imaging manifestations,and computed tomography(CT)-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy,via MDT discussions.As the patient was asymptomatic,she received long-term monitoring without treatment.A follow-up of chest HRCT after 6 mo showed that the PBML lung nodules were stable and there was no progression.CONCLUSION For patients with a medical history of hysterectomy and uterine leiomyoma with lung nodules on chest CT,PBML should be considered during diagnosis based on the clinical history,imaging manifestations,CT-guided percutaneous lung puncture biopsy,and MDT discussions.

孤立性肺毛细血管瘤1例报道

孤立性肺毛细血管瘤(solitary pulmonary capillary hemangioma,SPCH)是一种罕见的肺良性肿瘤[1],影像学对该病报道较少,本文收集一例经病理证实的孤立性肺毛细血管瘤,并结合文献复习,现报道如下。

PD⁃1抑制剂联合全身化疗治疗复发转移性宫颈癌的临床效果观察

目的探讨程序性细胞死亡受体-1(PD-1)抑制剂(卡瑞利珠单抗)免疫治疗联合全身化疗治疗复发转移性宫颈癌的临床效果。方法选择2019年2月—2021年6月定州市人民医院收治的复发转移性宫颈癌64例,依据随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各32例。对照组给予紫杉醇联合顺铂全身化疗方案,研究组给予全身化疗方案+PD-1卡瑞利珠单抗免疫治疗。比较2组临床疗效,分析治疗前及治疗3个周期后鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)、外周血淋巴细胞/单核细胞(LMR)及血小板/淋巴细胞(PLR)指标水平及Kamofsky评分变化,并观察治疗期间毒性作用发生情况及随访期间患者总生存期。结果研究组总有效率、疾病控制率分别为93.75%(30/32)、96.88%(31/32),高于对照组的68.75%(22/32)、75.00%(24/32),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗3个周期后,2组血清SCC、PLR水平较治疗前降低,LMR较治疗前升高,且研究组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组Kamofsky评分均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后研究组1、2年生存率及总生存期高于或长于对照组(P<0.05)。2组毒性作用多数为1~2级。研究组血小板下降和转氨酶升高比例分别为37.50%(12/32)和28.12%(9/32),高于对照组的18.75%(6/32)和9.38%(3/32),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组贫血、白细胞下降、恶心、腹泻、乏力等毒性作用发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组中发生反应性毛细血管增生症、甲状腺功能减退、皮疹、带状疱疹、过敏等经对症处理后症状消失。结论PD-1抑制剂联合全身化疗治疗复发转移性宫颈癌提高了临床效果、生存质量及生存率,延长生存期,改善了机体的炎症免疫反应状态,毒性作用较少,患者耐受性好。

胸部CT影像学特征对肺腺癌亚实性结节脏层胸膜侵犯的预测价值

目的:探讨胸部CT影像学特征在肺腺癌亚实性结节(SSN)脏层胸膜侵犯(VPI)中的临床预测价值。方法:回顾性收集2016年5月-2021年12月在本院经手术切除和病理确诊为肺腺癌SSN的患者103例。男34例,女69例,年龄25~82岁,平均(58.5±10.2)岁。病理组织学诊断结果VPI阳性组19例(18.45%),VPI阴性组84例(81.55%)。记录患者的年龄、性别等临床资料。所有患者术前均行胸部CT检查。阅读CT影像学征象,包括位置、径线、密度、分叶征、毛刺征及胸膜凹陷征等。结节与胸膜关系(NPR)分为四种亚型:Ⅰ型,1条线相连;Ⅱ型,多条线相连;Ⅲ型,窄基底相贴;Ⅳ型,宽基底相贴。单因素分析比较VPI阳性组和阴性组在临床和CT影像学特征间的差异,将单因素分析差异有统计学意义的指标纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,通过受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线建立预测模型。结果:103例患者包括非实性结节49例(47.57%)和部分实性结节54例(52.43%)。VPI阳性组和阴性组的性别和年龄差异无统计学意义(P=0.883、0.151)。非实性结节VPI发生率为8.16%(4/49),低于部分实性结节27.78%(15/54),差异有统计学意义(P=0.01)。NPR四种亚型发生VPI的比例分别为Ⅰ型6.82%(3/44)、Ⅱ型15.00%(3/20)、Ⅲ型28.00%(7/25)和Ⅳ型42.86%(6/14),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.011)。结节密度和NPR分型是预测肺腺癌SSN的VPI状态的独立危险因素。ROC结果显示,结节密度诊断VPI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.663,敏感度为78.9%,特异度为53.6%;NPR分型诊断VPI的AUC为0.726,敏感度为68.4%,特异度为69.0%;两者联合诊断VPI的AUC为0.804,敏感度为73.7%,特异度为70.2%。结论:肺腺癌亚实性结节的CT影像学特征有助于脏层胸膜侵犯的术前评估,结节密度和结节与胸膜关系分型是预测脏层胸膜侵犯的独立危险因素。

腰椎转移性恶性黑色素瘤1例误诊分析

患者,女,63岁,因“腰痛伴双下肢疼痛1年,加重2个月”于2022年7月5日入院。查体:腰段深压痛,叩击痛,左踝背伸肌力4+级,左下肢小腿胫前感觉减退。CT检查(见图1A)显示:L_(4)椎体呈虫蚀样改变,破坏以左侧椎体及椎弓根为主,矢状面可见骨岛。MRI检查(见图1B)显示:L_(4)椎体左侧血肿,硬脊膜受压,其内可见骨岛,T_(1)WI呈高低混杂信号、T_(2)WI呈低信号。PET-CT检查显示:L_(4)椎体骨质破坏,代谢增高。考虑原发性恶性肿瘤可能。2022年7月8日在全身麻醉下行L_(4)椎体肿瘤切除植骨融合内固定术。

费城染色体阴性的骨髓增殖性肿瘤患者肺动脉高压发生率、危险因素及预后分析

目的:探讨并分析费城染色体阴性的骨髓增殖性肿瘤患者肺动脉高压(PH)的发病率、影响因素和对预后的影响。方法:通过回顾性分析271例费城染色体阴性骨髓增殖性肿瘤患者的临床资料,区分不同疾病亚型分类,依据是否发生PH分为PH^(+)和PH^(-)两组,应用统计学方法,分析患者PH的发病率、危险因素和对预后的影响。结果:271例患者中PH的总体发病率为26.9%且根据疾病亚型分类后发现,原发性骨髓纤维化患者的PH发病率明显高于真性红细胞增多症患者和原发性血小板增多症患者(均P<0.05);多因素回归分析结果显示,高龄、长病程、JAK2阳性和升高的红细胞压积、乳酸脱氢酶、单核细胞计数、尿酸水平是费城染色体阴性骨髓增殖性肿瘤患者发生PH的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),且不同疾病亚型的独立危险因素存在一定的差异;生存分析结果显示,除原发性血小板增多症患者外其他类型患者中PH^(+)患者的总生存率明显低于PH~-患者(均P<0.05)。结论:PH在费城染色体阴性骨髓增殖性肿瘤患者中发病率较高,其危险因素是多样的且合并PH的患者总体生存率降低,因此,临床上应高度警惕此类患者PH的发生。

基于临床及影像指标对肺癌患者预后及危险因素的分析

目的:基于临床及影像指标探讨肺癌患者的预后及危险因素。方法:前瞻性分析93例肺癌患者的临床及影像资料,根据预后将其分为生存组75例和死亡组18例。结果:死亡组年龄、男性发病率、吸烟比例均大于生存组,第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值的百分比(FEV1%)、用力肺活量占预计值的百分比(FVC%)、1秒率占预计值的百分比(FEV1/FVC%)均低于生存组,肿瘤确诊时Ⅳ期比例大于生存组,支气管扩张、支气管管壁增厚、肺气肿、肺不张、间质性炎症发生率均高于生存组,主动脉直径、肺动脉直径、肿瘤体积更大,中央型、鳞癌发生率均大于生存组(均P<0.05)。经多因素分析发现,肿瘤分期和FVC%是肺癌患者预后不良的危险因素。结论:肺癌患者生存组和死亡组在多项临床及影像指标方面存在显著性差异,其中肿瘤分期和FVC%是肺癌患者预后不良的危险因素。