Primary pulmonary meningioma and minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules: Rare pulmonary nodular lesions requiring more awareness in clinical practice

In this editorial,we comment on an article by Ruan et al published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Case.Pulmonary meningothelial proliferative lesions,including primary pulmonary meningiomas,minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules,and metastatic pulmonary meningiomas are rare pulmonary lesions.These lesions are difficult to differentiate from lung cancers based on clinical and imaging manifestations.Herein,we briefly introduce the clinical,imaging,and pathological characteristics of these lesions and discuss their pathogenesis to strengthen the current understanding of pulmonary meningothelial proliferative lesions in clinical diagnosis and therapy.

Investigation of lacrimal sac space-occupying lesions using color doppler ultrasound, computed tomography, and computed tomography dacryocystography

AIM:To observe the imaging features of color Doppler ultrasound(CDU)and computed tomography(CT)or computed tomography dacryocystography(CT-DCG)in different types of lacrimal sac space-occupying lesions(SOLs).METHODS:This retrospective case series study included 21 patients with lacrimal sac SOLs who underwent lacrimal sac surgery between January 2018 and March 2022.The imaging features of CDU and CT or CT-DCG in these patients were extracted from the examination cloud system.The images were observed and analyzed.RESULTS:The detection rate of lacrimal SOLs between CDU(21/21,100%)and CT or CT-DCG(20/21,95.2%)had no statistically significant difference(P=1.0).CDU could detect the blood flow signals in all SOLs except mucocele and mucopeptide concretion.Among them,polyps had characteristic imaging changes on CDU and CT-DCG.The mucoceles and mucopeptide concretions had characteristic imaging changes on CDU,which could provide more information for differential diagnosis.CONCLUSION:The morphology and internal blood flow signals of lacrimal sac SOLs can be observed using CDU.CT or CT-DCG has advantages in observing structural damage around the lacrimal sac mass.Therefore,CDU may be used as a routine examination to exclude lacrimal sac SOLs before dacryocystorhinostomy in the absence of preoperative CT or CT-DCG.

Unexpected diffuse lung lesions in a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis:A case report

BACKGROUND Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP)often presents nonspecifically and can be easily confused with:(1)Idiopathic interstitial lung fibrosis;(2)alveolar carcinoma;(3)pulmonary tuberculosis;and(4)other lung diseases such as viral pneumonia,mycoplasma pneumonia,and chlamydial pneumonia.CASE SUMMARY Diagnosis:In this case,a patient was diagnosed with PAP through transbronchial cryobiopsy(TBCB)and quantitative metagenomic next-generation sequencing,which confirmed the impairment of surfactant turnover as the underlying cause of PAP.Interventions:High-volume total lung lavage was performed for this patient.Outcomes:The patient's clinical condition had improved significantly by the 6-month follow-up,with a 92%finger oxygen saturation.A repeat chest computed tomography scan revealed scattered patchy ground-glass shadows in both lungs,which was consistent with alveolar protein deposition but with a lower density than in the radiograph from October 23,2022.CONCLUSION TBCB has unique advantages in diagnosing atypical alveolar protein deposition,particularly for enabling the early detection of PAP.This information can help patients take preventive measures to prevent or halt PAP development by avoiding dusty environments and seeking treatment with total lung lavage and inhaled granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Effects of in vitro cultivated Calculus Bovis compound on pulmonary lesions in rabbits with schistosomiasis

AIM:To explore the interventional effects and mechanism of in vitro cultivated Calculus Bovis compound preparation(ICCBco) on pulmonary lesions in portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis. METHODS:The experimental group included 20 portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis treated by ICCBco.The control group included 20 portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis treated by praziquantel. The morphological changes of the pulmonary tissues were observed under light and electron microscopy.The expression of fibronectin(FN) and laminin(LN) in the lung tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:Under light microscope,the alveolar exudation in the lung tissue was more frequently observed in the control group,while the alveolar space was fairly dry in the lung tissue of ICCBco group.Under electron microscope,more alveolar exudation in the lung tissue,and moremacrophages,alveolar angiotelectasis and the blurred three-tier structure of alveolar-capillary barrier could be seen in the control group.In ICCBco group,fibers within the alveolar interspace slightly increased in some lung regions,and the structure of typeⅠepithelium,basement membrane and endodermis was complete,and no obvious exudation from the alveolar space,and novascular congestion could be observed.There was a positive or strong positive expression of FN and LN in the lung tissue of the control group,while there was a negative or weak positive expression of FN and LN in ICCBco group. CONCLUSION:ICCBco can effectively prevent pulmonary complications in portal hypertensive rabbits with schistosomiasis by means of improving lung microcirculation and lowering the content of extracellular matrix.

Effects of Lianhua Qingwen on Pulmonary Oxidative Lesions Induced by Fine Particulates(PM2.5) in Rats

Objective To investigate the antagonistic effects of different doses of Lianhua Qingwen on pulmonary injury induced by fine particulates PM2.5 in rats. Methods Fine particulates suspended in the environment were collected. Forty-eight healthy adult wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 8 rats in each group. Four groups of rats were exposed to PM2.5 by intratracheally dripping suspensions of fine particulates PM2.5(7.5 mg/kg) as dust-exposed model rats. Among them 24 rats in three groups received Lianhua Qingwen treatment(crude drug) at a dose of 2 g/kg, 4 g/kg, 8 g/kg per day for 3 days before dust exposure and were defined as low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose Lianhua Qingwen treatment groups respectively. The other dust-exposed model rats without treatment were assigned as PM2.5 control group. The un-exposed rats were set as saline control group(1.5 ml/kg saline) and blank control group. All rats were killed after 24 hours of the exposure. Lung tissue, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were collected. The levels of malonaldehyde(MDA), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX) in blood serum and BALF, and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in blood surum were measured using fluorescent quantitation PCR; Expression of NF-E2-related factor 2(NRF-2), heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) in lung tissues were measured using Western blot. Pathological changes of lung tissues in each group were also examined. Results Pathology revealed thickened alveolar septum, congestion of capillary, interstitial edema and infiltration of lymphocyte and neutrophil surrounding bronchiole in the PM2.5 control group, which weresignificantly relieved in the Lianhua Qingwen treatment groups. Compared to the blank and saline control groups, the PM2.5 control group had significantly higher levels of LDH and MDA(p<0.01) and lower level of GSH-PS(p<0.01) in BALF, significantly higher levels of LDH and MDA(p<0.05) and lower level of GSH-PS(p<0.05) in rat serum. The levels of MDA in blood serum and BALF were significantly lower in each treatment group than that in PM2.5 control group(all P<0.05). In both middle-dose and high-dose treatment group the measurements of LDH in serum and BALF as well as GSH-PX in serum were significant difference from those of PM2.5 control group(all P<0.05). Expressions of NRF-2, HO-1 and NQO1 in lung tissues were significantly different among middle-dose and high-dose treatment group compared with those in PM2.5 control group(all P<0.05). Conclusion Fine particulates PM2.5 in environment may induce pulmonary oxidative lesions in rats. Middle-dose and high-dose Lianhua Qingwen has antagonist effece on the injuries induced by fine particulates.

Assessment of optic nerve and optic tract alterations in patients with orbital space-occupying lesions using probabilistic diffusion tractography

AIM: To investigate the diffusion changes in both the optic nerve and optic tract in orbital space-occupying lesion patients with decreased visual acuity, and its clinical significance using probabilistic diffusion tractography(PDT). METHODS: Twenty patients with orbital space-occupying lesions and 25 age-and gender-matched healthy persons were included. All patients and controls underwent routine orbital magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging(DTI), using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance scanner(Trio Tim Siemens). After the image data were preprocessed, each DTI parameters of the optic nerve and optic tract was obtained by PDT, including fractional anisotropy(FA), mean diffusivity(MD), axial diffusivity(AD) and radial diffusivity(RD). The asymmetry index(AI) of each parameter was calculated. Compared the parameters of the affected side optic nerve and ipsilateral optic tract with the contralateral side by paired sample t-test;compared AI of parameters of optic nerve and optic tract between the patient group and the control group by independent sample t-test. Patients were divided into threesubgroups according to the low vision grade standard of WHO, compared the FA and AI of FA between the three subgroups by single factor variance analysis. RESULTS: The affected side optic nerve presented significantly decreased FA, increased MD, AD, and RD values compared to the unaffected side(P<0.05). The AI of FA, MD, AD, and RD of optic nerve in the patients was significantly higher than that of the controls(P<0.05). The comparison results of the optic tract showed that there was no significant difference between the patient group and control group in terms of the bilateral optic tracts in patients(P>0.05). The AIs of the FA value of the optic nerve in the eyesight <0.1 subgroup was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: FA, MD, AD, and RD of the affected side optic nerve of the orbital space-occupying lesions have significantly changed, the FA value is the most sensitive. The PDT could be a useful tool to provide valid quantitative markers of optic nerve injuries and evaluate the severity of orbital diseases, which other examinations cannot be acquired.

Recurrent orbital space-occupying lesions:a clinicopathologic study of 253 cases

Objective：To analyze the clinical features,histopathologic classification and frequencies of various types of recurrent orbital space-occupying lesions.Methods：A retrospective study was carried out in 253 consecutive patients with recurrent orbital spaceoccupying lesions treated by surgical excision in the Institute of Orbital Diseases,the General Hospital of the Armed Police Force from January 2009 to December 2010.Results：The patients included 123 males and 130 females aged 2 to 78 years（mean,36.2 years）,and the last recurrence interval after operation ranged from 1 month to 40 years（median,4.75 years）.Of all the cases,159（62.8%）,65（25.7%）,20（7.9%）,8（3.2%） and 1（0.4%） had previously experienced once,twice,three,four and six times of surgeries,respectively.Among them,29（11.5%） cases had recurred 3 times or over,and 37（14.6%） cases got recurrence in 10 or more years postoperatively.Most of the patients with local recurrence presented with various clinical manifestations,while 31（12.3%） cases were symptom-free.Two hundred and thirty-one（91.3%） cases underwent surgical removal of the recurrent orbital lesions,and another 22（8.7%） cases had to receive the exenteration of orbit.Categories of these recurrent orbital lesions after operation were as follows：lacrimal gland tumors,65（25.7%） cases;vasogenic diseases,54（21.3%） cases;neurogenic tumors,42（16.6%） cases;secondary tumors,24（9.5%） cases;orbital inflammation,21（8.3%） cases;myogenic tumors,14（5.5%） cases;fibrous and adipose tumors,12（4.7%） cases;lympho-hematopoietic tumors,7（2.8%） cases;bone or cartilage tumors,7（2.8%） cases;orbital cysts,6（2.4%） cases;and indefinitely differentiated tumor,1（0.4%） case.The 10 top histopathologic diagnoses were lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma,hemangiolymphangioma,lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma,meningioma,inflammatory pseudotumor,neurofibroma,sebaceous gland carcinoma,vascular malformation,rhabdomyosarcoma and hemangioma.Conclusions：The variety of recurrent orbital lesions after operation includes mainly of tumors except for vascular malformation and orbital inflammatory lesions.The lacrimal gland epithelial tumor is most prone to relapse after resection,and early and longer-term postoperative follow-up is needed.

Application of endoscopic submucosal dissection in duodenal space-occupying lesions

BACKGROUNDEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been advocated by digestiveendoscopists because of its comparable therapeutic effect to surgery, reducedtrauma, faster recovery, and fewer complications. However, ESD for lesions of theduodenum is more challenging than those occurring at other levels of thegastrointestinal tract due to the thin intestinal wall of the duodenum, narrowintestinal space, rich peripheral blood flow, proximity to vital organs, and highrisks of critical adverse events including intraoperative and delayed bleeding andperforation. Because of the low prevalence of the disease and the high risks ofsevere adverse events, successful ESD for lesions of the duodenum has rarelybeen reported in recent years.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of ESD in the treatment of duodenal spaceoccupyinglesions.METHODS Clinical data of 24 cases of duodenal lesions treated by ESD at the DigestiveEndoscopy Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS All of the 24 cases from 23 patients underwent ESD treatment for duodenal spaceoccupyinglesions under general anesthesia, including 15 male and 8 femalepatients, with a mean age of 58.5 (32.0-74.0) years. There were 12 lesions (50%) inthe duodenal bulb, 9 (37.5%) in the descending part, and 3 (12.5%) in the ball descending junction. The mean diameter of the lesion was 12.75 (range, 11-22)mm. Thirteen lesions originated from the mucosa, of which 4 were low-gradeintraepithelial neoplasia, 3 were hyperplastic polyps, 2 were chronic mucositis, 2were adenomatous hyperplasia, 1 was high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 1was tubular adenoma. Eleven lesions were in the submucosa, including 5neuroendocrine neoplasms, 2 cases of ectopic pancreas, 1 stromal tumor, 1leiomyoma, 1 submucosal duodenal adenoma, and 1 case of submucosal lymphfollicular hyperplasia. The intraoperative perforation rate was 20.8% (5/24),including 4 submucosal protuberant lesions and 1 depressed lesion. The meanlength of hospital stay was 5.7 (range, 3-10) d, and the average follow-up time was25.8 (range, 3.0–50.0) mo. No residual disease or recurrence was found in allpatients, and no complications, such as infection and stenosis, were found duringthe follow-up period.CONCLUSION ESD is safe and effective in the treatment of duodenal lesions;however, theendoscopists should pay more attention to the preoperative preparation,intraoperative skills, and postoperative treatment.

Virtual bronchoscopic navigation without fluoroscopy guidance for peripheral pulmonary lesions in inexperienced pulmonologist

Objective:Fluoroscopy guidance is generally required for endobronchial ultrasonography with guide sheath(EBUS-GS)in peripheral pulmonary lesions(PPLs).Virtual bronchoscopic navigation(VBN)can guide the bronchoscope by creating virtual images of the bronchial route to the lesion.The diagnostic yield and safety profiles of VBN without fluoroscopy for PPLs have not been evaluated in inexperienced pulmonologist performing EBUS-GS.Methods:Between January 2016 and June 2017,consecutive patients with PPLs referred for EBUS-GS at a single cancer center were enrolled.The diagnostic yield as well as safety profiles was retrospectively analyzed,and our preliminary experience was shared.Results:A total of 109 patients with 109 lesions were included,99(90.8%)lesions were visible on EBUS imaging.According to the procedure time needed to locate the lesion on EBUS,24.8%(27/109)were deemed technically difficult procedures;however,no significant relationships were identified between candidate parameters and technically difficult procedures.The overall diagnosis yield was 74.3%(81/109),and the diagnostic yield of malignancy was 83.7%(77/92).Lesions larger than 20 mm[odds ratio(OR),2.758;95%confidence interval(95%CI),1.077-7.062;P=0.034]and probe of within type(OR,3.174;95%CI,1.151-8.757,P=0.026)were independent factors leading to a better diagnostic yield in multivariate analysis.About 30 practice procedures were needed to achieve a stable diagnostic yield,and the proportion of technically difficult procedures decreased and stabilized after 70 practice procedures.Regarding complications,one patient(0.9%)had intraoperative hemorrhage(100 mL)which was managed under endoscopy.Conclusions:VBN without fluoroscopy guidance is still useful and safe for PPLs diagnosis,especially for malignant diseases when performed by pulmonologist without previous experience of EBUS-GS.VBN may simplify the process of lesion positioning and further multi-center randomized studies are warranted.

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation:Achieving permanent pulmonary vein isolation by point-by-point radiofrequency lesions

Pulmonary vein isolation by point-by-point radiofrequency catheter ablation constitutes the cornerstone of catheter ablation strategies for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. However, despite advances in pulmonary vein isolation ablation strategies, long-term success rates after ablation remain suboptimal, which highlights the need to develop techniques to achieve more durable lesions. Strategies proposed to improve the durability of pulmonary vein isolation can be divided into two groups: Those addressed to improving the quality of the lesion and those that optimize the detection of acute PV reconnection during the ablation procedure. This manuscript reviews the role and potential benefits of these techniques according to current clinical evidence.

A Bronchopulmonary Onset of Candidemia Revealing a Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Candidemia is defined as being a yeast infection confirmed by the presence of at least one positive Candida blood culture. It is a life threatening infection causing high mortality. The clinical signs are generally compatible with the causative agent (whether there is a deep venous catheter or not). On the other hand and according to the 2012 Revised Chapel Hill Classification, granulomatosis with polyangiitis GPA is classified as a vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ANCA. It is a systemic disease characterized by the anatomopathological aspect of granuloma. We report the case of a patient who presented an atypical and a very rare revealing mode of GPA which was a bronchopulmonary candidiasis complicated by candidemia. Despite its controversy, the combination in the acute phase of antifungal treatment based on intravenous voriconazole and glucocorticoid therapy has made it possible to control candidemia and calm vasculitis.

Association between the fMRI manifestations of activated brain areas and muscle strength in patients with space-occupying lesions in motor cortex

BACKGROUND ： Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） studies have disclosed the changes of the motor function in the motor cortex of ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of tumor, which have special significance for making the surgical planning and most greatly minimizing the postoperative functional damages. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the association between the manifestation characteristics of hand functional area and motor dysfunction using fMRI in patients with space-occupying lesions of tumor in motor cortex. DESIGN ： A case-controlled observation SETTING： Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College .PARTICIPANTS： Twenty-three patients （13 males and 10 females） with space-occupying lesions of central sulcus area, aged 21-53 years with a mean age of （47±1） years were selected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. All the patients were diagnosed by MR scanning as space-occupying lesions of motor area, and pathologically confirmed that the lesions involved central sulcus and central Iobule; Lesions occurred in left and right hemispheres in 13 and 10 cases respectively. The tumor types were astrocytoma （n =8）, metastatic tumours （n =7）, meningiomas （n =5） and oligodendroglioma （n =3）. The muscle strength was normal in 11 cases （grade 5） and obviously decreased in 12 cases （grade 2-3 in 3 cases and grade 4 in 9 cases）; muscle strengths of both upper and lower limbs were decreased in 7 cases, and only that of upper limbs was decreased in 5 cases. Informed consents were obtained from all the subjects. Meanwhile, 9 healthy physical examinees （5 males and 4 females） of 20-56 years old with an average of （34±1） years were taken as controls. All the patients and healthy subjects were right-handed. METHODS： All the enrolled subjects were examined with MR scanning and functional imaging. Twenty cases whose clinical symptoms were mild in the patient group and 9 healthy volunteers adopted simple active finger-tapping movements, and for the 3 cases whose clinical symptoms were severe in the patient group, the simple passive finger-tapping movements were used. The manifestations in the activated brain areas were analyzed in the patients with brain tumor of different muscle strength and the controls. The motor deficit and activation of contralateral primary motor cortex （M1） in simple finger-tapping movements were observed in the patient group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Brain areas activated by finger-tapping movements in each group： （2） Activated volumes in hemisphere by finger-tapping movements between groups. RESULTS： The contralateral M1 area could not be activated in 1 case in the patient group,, all the other 22 patients and 9 healthy subjects were involved in the analysis of results. （1） In the control group, unilateral finger tapping movement activated the contralateral primary motor cortex （M1）, bilateral SMA and bilateral PMC. The activation volume was the largest in contralateral primary motor cortex （M1）, smaller in the SMA, and the smallest in PMC. The finger tapping movement in healthy subjects could activate contralateral primary motor cortex （M1）, bilateral SMA and bilateral PMC, which had no obvious differences from the manifestations of brain functional area activated by active finger tapping. There was no significant difference in the volume of activated functional areas between right and left hands. In the patient group, the central sulcos around the tumor in the activated M1 area displaced towards dorsal or ventral side, also extended. The distance of displacement in the functional area was determined as compared with the contralateral central sulcus, and the results suggested the M1 displacement, including that there were 10 cases with the M1 displacement larger than 10 mm in the patients with motor deficit, which were obviously more than in those without motor deficit （n =1, P 〈 0.01）, and the activated volume in contralateral M1 area was obvious smaller in the patients with motor deficit than in those without motor deficit （P 〈 0.01）. （2） The M1 activation and changes were observed in contralateral hemisphere in the patient group, and the activated volume was obviously larger than that in the control group （P 〈 0.01）. The activated volumes of M1 and PMC in ipsilateral hemisphere were obviously larger than those in the control group （P 〈 0.05）, but that of SMA had no obvious difference between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： fMRI can be used to observe the activation of the brain motor functional areas of patient with space-occupying lesions in motor area, and evaluate the state of their motor function. The larger the distance of displacement of M1 compressed by tumor, the more obviously the muscle strength decreases in the patients.

Effect of Impaired Lung Function on the Development and Progression of Endobronchial Premalignant Lesions

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and presence of endobronchial premalignant lesions (EPL) are individual risk factors for lung cancer (LC). However, effect of impaired lung function (ILF) on the natural history of EPL has not been explored. Patients and Methods: This study included 217 high-risk participants from a hospital-based LC surveillance cohort who underwent pulmonary function testing followed by bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsies. Baseline histopathology diagnoses included 91 cases (41.9%) with squamous metaplasia (SM), 25 (11.5%) with squamous dysplasia (SD), 1 (0.5%) with in-situ carcinoma and 5 (2.3%) with invasive LC. Follow-up biopsies were obtained for 69 patients, and 16 (23.2%) patients demonstrated progression to a higher grade lesion. Regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between ILF and EPL. All the models were adjusted for age, gender and tobacco smoking. Results: Patients with FEV1% of <50% had 4.5 times greater risk of being diagnosed with an EPL [95% confidence interval: 1.93-10.80] and 8-fold greater risk of SD, compared to patients with FEV1% ≥80. COPD was associated with 2.7 and 4.8 times greater risk of SM and SD, respectively. The mean time to progression to a higher-grade lesion was shorter in COPD patients compared to patients without COPD (27 versus 50 months, p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our results indicate that ILF may be a predictor of prevalence and progression of EPLs among patients at high risk of LC. Therefore, spirometry can be a complementary pre-screening tool for identifying patients with EPL who need more intense LC surveillance.

经支气管镜腔内诊断肺外周结节技术及进展

肺周围型病变,包括肺外周结节,是常见的肺部问题。随着肺结节患者的增加,对组织取样的需求也随之增加。安全而精准的活检技术用于鉴别病变良、恶性对患者非常有益。电子支气管镜技术是近几十年来诊断肺周围型病变的活检技术之一,各种引导技术,例如径向超声支气管镜和虚拟支气管镜导航已被证实能改善常规支气管镜的性能。本文对有关先进支气管镜技术的现有研究进行综述,并探讨先进支气管镜技术在肺外周结节诊断中的应用价值。

同轴活检技术应用于CT引导经皮肺活检对不明原因肺部病变的临床意义

目的探讨同轴活检技术应用于CT引导经皮肺活检对不明原因肺部病变的临床意义。方法选取2015年5月至2019年5月清远市人民医院收治的306例不明原因肺部阴影患者作为研究对象,按照不同活检方式分为实验组(n=154)与对照组(n=152)。实验组采用同轴活检技术,对照组采用单纯针刺活检技术。比较两组手术成功率、并发症发生率、成功手术时间和成功手术接受辐射剂量。结果实验组小结节病灶手术成功率为98.3%,高于对照组的84.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组深部病灶手术成功率为98.9%,高于对照组的90.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组气胸、咯血发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组成功手术时间短于对照组,成功手术接受辐射剂量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论同轴活检技术应用于CT引导经皮肺活检中对疑难穿刺病灶(小病灶和深部病灶)的手术成功率高于单纯针刺活检技术,可降低气胸和咯血发生率,减少患者接受的辐射剂量,缩短手术时间,且该项技术操作简单,成本低廉,只需在传统的单纯针刺活检技术的基础上附加同轴技术即可,值得临床推广应用。

基于人工智能技术的肺部CT扫描对肺纯磨玻璃结节浸润性病变及浸润程度的诊断价值

目的探讨基于人工智能技术的肺部CT扫描诊断肺纯磨玻璃结节浸润性病变及浸润程度的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2021年9月至2022年9月于天门市第一人民医院行手术治疗并经病理活检证实为肺纯磨玻璃结节的55例患者的临床资料,参考2021年世界卫生组织肺肿瘤新分类,根据病理结果分为非浸润性病变组(n=25,25个结节)与浸润性病变组(n=30,35个结节)。所有患者术前均行肺部CT检查,并利用人工智能系统对肺结节进行定性、定量参数分析。比较非浸润性病变组与浸润性病变组结节CT定性、定量参数;比较微浸润性腺癌、浸润性腺癌患者结节CT定性、定量参数;分析CT定性、定量参数对肺纯磨玻璃结节浸润程度预测的影响因素,并分析其预测效能。结果两组结节形态、分叶征、空泡征、支气管异常征、血管异常征、胸闷牵拉征占比及结节最长径、最短径、平扫CT值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。浸润性腺癌患者的结节形态规则占比低于微浸润性腺癌患者,分叶征、血管异常征、胸闷牵拉征占比均高于微浸润性腺癌患者,平扫CT值大于微浸润性腺癌患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic二元回归分析结果显示,分叶征、空泡征、血管异常征、平扫CT值增加是肺纯磨玻璃结节浸润性病变的危险因素(P<0.05);而分叶征、血管异常征、平扫CT值增加是肺纯磨玻璃结节浸润程度的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血管异常征诊断肺纯磨玻璃结节浸润性病变的效能最高(AUC为0.703,灵敏度92.00%,特异度48.60%),分叶征鉴别诊断肺纯磨玻璃结节浸润程度的效能最高(AUC为0.745,灵敏度75.00%,特异度73.90%)。结论基于人工智能技术的肺部CT扫描诊断肺纯磨玻璃结节浸润性及浸润程度有较高的临床价值,且人工智能技术CT扫描获得的内部血管征参数对诊断结节浸润性病变效能高,分叶征对鉴别诊断结节浸润程度效能更高,值得进一步深入研究。

基于胸部薄层CT扫描的肺磨玻璃影病变“四分型法”在临床中的应用研究

目的探讨基于胸部薄层CT扫描(TSCT)的肺磨玻璃影(GGO)病变“四分型法”在临床中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月于首都医科大学宣武医院接受胸腔镜手术治疗的1541例患者的临床资料,共包含肺GGO病变2005例次。采用“四分型法”对肺GGO病变进行分型:Ⅰ型,无空泡征和(或)细支气管征的纯GGO(p-GGO);Ⅱ型,有空泡征和(或)细支气管征的p-GGO;Ⅲ型,仅在肺窗可见实性成分的异质性磨玻璃影(h-GGO);Ⅳ型,在肺窗和纵隔窗均可见实性成分的部分实性磨玻璃影(ps-GGO)。分析肺GGO病变影像学特征[最大径、病变类型、发生部位、分型、肿瘤实性成分占比(CTR)等]与术后病理检查结果的关联性。结果1541例患者自发现肺GGO至接受手术治疗的时间为0.10~156.00个月,平均11.23个月,其间肺GGO病变变化不明显1255例次(62.59%),最大径增大536例次(26.73%),密度增高45例次(2.24%),最大径增大伴密度增高169例次(8.43%)。术前肺GGO最大径为(13.21±7.90)mm;主要为单发病变[1098例次(54.76%)];多分布于右肺上叶[757例次(37.76%)]。肺GGO类型:Ⅰ型248例次(12.37%),Ⅱ型682例次(34.01%),Ⅲ型862例次(42.99%),Ⅳ型213例次(10.62%)。CTR≤25%有950例次(47.38%),25%<CTR≤50%有616例次(30.72%)、50%<CTR≤75%有314例次(15.66%),CTR>75%有125例次(6.23%)。肺GGO病变中,良性病变186例次(9.28%),恶性病变1819例次(90.72%),其中包括腺体前驱病变744例次,浸润期病变1075例次。分析结果显示,肺GGO病变术后病理检查结果与GGO最大径、病变类型、发生部位、分型、CTR及随访变化情况均存在关联性(P<0.05)。对应分析结果显示,与肺GGO病变CTR相比,肺GGO病变分型散点与术后病理恶性变[不典型腺瘤样增生(AAH)、原位腺癌(AIS)、微浸润腺癌(MIA)、浸润期腺癌(IA)]散点在二维分布图中更为接近,提示基于“四分型法”的肺GGO影像学特征与术后病理恶性变有更好的对应关系。结论基于TSCT的肺GGO病变“四分型法”有助于临床医师更好地评估以GGO为主要影像学表现的早期肺癌的风险度。

烟雾暴露联合克雷伯杆菌感染诱导大鼠肺小动脉病变的评估

目的分析烟雾暴露联合克雷伯杆菌感染诱导大鼠的肺小动脉形态结构的变化,评估肺小动脉病变的严重程度。方法对烟雾暴露联合克雷伯杆菌感染大鼠的肺组织切片(对照组和模型组)进行分析。维多利亚蓝染色切片用于肺小动脉肌化、血管壁厚度、血管阻塞分值、肌性血管的内膜和中膜厚度以及新生内膜增殖度的检测;HE染色切片用于血管周围炎症细胞浸润及丛状病变等形态的观察和检测;VG染色切片用于内膜胶原纤维和肺小动脉胶原纤维面积百分率的观察和检测。综合以上结果,按照Heath-Edwards标准对肺小动脉病变程度进行评级。结果对于血管直径≤50μm的肺小动脉,与对照组比较,模型组非肌性血管百分率显著减少(P<0.01),肌性血管百分率显著增加(P<0.01),部分肌性血管百分率无显著性差异(P>0.05),非肌性血管壁厚度和肌性血管壁厚度均显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),非肌性和肌性肺小动脉血管的阻塞分值均显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。对于50μm<血管直径≤100μm的肺小动脉,与对照组比较,模型组的非肌性血管百分率显著减少(P<0.05),肌性血管百分率和部分肌性血管百分率均无显著性差异(P>0.05),肌性血管壁厚度和血管阻塞分值均显著增加(P<0.05),非肌性血管壁厚度和血管阻塞分值均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。对于血管直径≤50μm或50μm<血管直≤100μm的肺肌性小动脉,与对照组比较,模型组内膜厚度和中膜厚度均显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01),血管周围炎症浸润分值均显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。对照组(n=9)仅1个切片发现新生内膜,新生内膜增殖度为1.61%。模型组(n=10),5个切片存在新生内膜,新生内膜增殖度从1.04%到17.14%。所有切片均未发现丛状病变。对于血管直径≤100μm的肺小动脉,与对照组比较,模型组内膜胶原纤维表达未观察到变化,血管胶原纤维面积百分率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。按照Heath-Edwards标准,模型大鼠的肺小动脉病变未达到Ⅲ级。结论模型大鼠出现了肺小动脉肌化、内膜和中膜增厚等病理表现,血管周围存在轻度到中度的炎症反应。较低的新生内膜增殖度和未出现胶原纤维表达的变化及未出现丛状病变,提示该模型属于Heath-Edwards标准的II级病变。

孤立性肺结节患者恶性病变相关因素分析

目的探讨分析孤立性肺结节(SPN)患者恶性病变相关因素。方法选取2021年10月至2023年10月本院收治的100例SPN患者,根据病理检查结果分为良性组(n=46)、恶性组(n=54)。收集患者基本资料,分析影响恶性SPN的因素。结果恶性组年龄、结节直径、咳嗽、咯血、分叶征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、边界不清、CEA阳性、CYFRA21-1阳性、CA125阳性占比均高于良性组(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素分析显示年龄、结节直径、分叶征、CYFRA21-1阳性为影响恶性SPN的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论年龄、结节直径、分叶征、SYFRA21-1为影响恶性SPN的独立危险因素,SPN患者出现上述因素应怀疑恶性病变的可能。

肺部结节性病变临床与病理表现分析

目的:分析肺部结节性病变临床与病理表现。方法:选取2016年1月—2023年7月拟于东台市中医院行外科手术治疗的200例肺部结节性病变患者作为研究对象。对研究对象的切除组织进行病理分析,并分析各类型肺部结节性病变的大体及影像学表现。结果:在200例患者中,良性病变10例(5.00%),良性肿瘤15例(7.50%),前驱腺体病变16例(8.00%),恶性肿瘤159例(79.50%)。恶性肿瘤中浸润性腺癌(包含微浸润性腺癌)127例(79.87%),占比最高,其次为鳞状细胞癌22例(13.84%),小细胞癌8例(5.03%)。前驱腺体病变质地软于良性病变、良性肿瘤、恶性肿瘤,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);良性肿瘤边界不清占比低于良性病变,前驱腺体病变边界不清占比高于良性肿瘤,恶性肿瘤边界不清占比高于良性病变与良性肿瘤,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肺部结节性病变类型较多,在对肺部结节性病变进行病理诊断时,应结合大体检查、影像学表现及病理特征等综合评估肺结节的良恶性。