A Novel Mutation in FOXF1 Gene Associated with a Delayed Presentation of Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins

Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a rare, fatal developmental lung disorder of neonates and infants, associated with severe persistent pulmonary hypertension unresponsive to treatment. We reported the case of a term newborn with delayed presentation of ACD/MPV and a novel mutation of FOXF1 gene that received supportive cardiopulmonary treatments, inhaled nitric oxide, oral sildenafil and nebulized iloprost with no clinical improvement. DNA sequence analysis of FOXF1 gene identified a novel heterozygous variant c.257G > C;p.R86P, in exon 1. At autopsy, lung histology showed the characteristic features of ACD/MPV. FOXF1 has been identified as one of the genes responsible for ACD/MPV associated with multiple congenital malformations. This is a report of a novel heterozygous variant c.257G > C;p.R86P, in the first exon of FOXF1, in a patient with delayed presentation of ACD/MPV.

Radiofrequency Ablation Mapping with Circumferential Catheter for Paroxys- mal Atrial Fibrillation Originating From the Pulmonary Veins

Objectives To assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of electrophysiological mapping of pulmonary veins with a circumferential 10 - electrode catheter and radiofrequency catheter ablation therapy for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Background Standard mapping and ablation of focal sources of atrial fibrillation are associated with very long procedure times and low efficacy. Mapping and ablation pulmonary veins guide with a circular catheter could overcome these limitations. Methods 16 patients [male 11, female 5, mean age (51 ±14. 5) years] with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs were included in this group. A circumferential 10 - electrode catheter was used to pulmonary vein mapping during sinus rhythm or CSd pacing to determine the origin of atrial premature contractions. When the ablative target pulmonary vein was found, the pulmonary vein potentials' distribution and activation were assessment pulmonary veins' ostial ablation was performed at the segments showing earliest activation of pulmonary vein potentials. The end point was designed: 1) elimination of pulmonary vein potential; 2) pulmonary vein potential dissociation from atrial waves; 3) atrial ectopic beats disappear. Results A total of 36 pulmonary veins were ablated, including 16 left superior, 12 right superior, 7 left inferior and 1 right inferior. 1 pulmonary vein in 2 patients was ablated, 2 pulmonary veins in 8 patients were ablated, 3 pulmonary veins were ablated in 5 patients and 4 pulmonary veins were ablated in 1 pa- tient. Procedure duration and fluoroscopy time respectively were 186. 7±63. 8 min and 51. 5±15. 0 min. During the follow-up 1-12 months, 11 patients (68. 7 % ) were free of AF without any antiarrhythmic drugs, 2 of them were reablation, effective in 3/16 (18. 7 % ) and unsuccessful in 2/16 (12. 6 % ) . 2 cases recurred with atrial premature, 1 was treated with amiodarone and the other was repeat electrophysiologi-cal mapping and ablation, 5 cases with paroxysmal a-trial fibrillation recurred, 3 of them were treated with amiodarone (2 cases) or sotalol (1 case) , one was implantled with DDDR pacemaker (having programmer of anti - atrial fibrillation), one was repeat ablation. PV's diameter in 2 of them reduced more than 50 % , but they were asymptomatic during the follow - up period. 1 case had pneumothorax complication and disappeared after 7 days. Conclusions This study suggests that careful mapping and elimination of these ectopic foci under the guide of circular catheter may have higher success rate and splendid future.

Pulmonary infarct masquerading as community-acquired pneumonia in the COVID-19 scenario: A case report

BACKGROUND Pulmonary embolism(PE)requires a high degree of clinical suspicion for its diagnosis and can mimic pneumonia due to its clinical,radiological,and laboratory findings.Co-existence of PE and pneumonia can also occur,which is surprisingly more common than appreciated.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of a young male who initially presented during the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic with features of pneumonia.He was kept under observation and was later diagnosed and treated for a right main pulmonary artery embolism without any identifiable source of thrombosis.CONCLUSION PE and pneumonia share common clinical,radiological,and laboratory findings that may delay the diagnosis of PE.Hypoxia disproportionate to the extent of radiological involvement could be an indicator of an underlying PE.

Diagnostic Value of the Padua Score Combined with Thrombotic Biomarker Tissue Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (tPAI-1) Detection for the Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Pulmonary Heart Disease

This study explores the diagnostic value of combining the Padua score with the thrombotic biomarker tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(tPAI-1)for assessing the risk of deep vein thrombosis(DVT)in patients with pulmonary heart disease.These patients often exhibit symptoms similar to venous thrombosis,such as dyspnea and bilateral lower limb swelling,complicating differential diagnosis.The Padua Prediction Score assesses the risk of venous thromboembolism(VTE)in hospitalized patients,while tPAI-1,a key fibrinolytic system inhibitor,indicates a hypercoagulable state.Clinical data from hospitalized patients with cor pulmonale were retrospectively analyzed.ROC curves compared the diagnostic value of the Padua score,tPAI-1 levels,and their combined model for predicting DVT risk.Results showed that tPAI-1 levels were significantly higher in DVT patients compared to non-DVT patients.The Padua score demonstrated a sensitivity of 82.61%and a specificity of 55.26%at a cutoff value of 3.The combined model had a significantly higher AUC than the Padua score alone,indicating better discriminatory ability in diagnosing DVT risk.The combination of the Padua score and tPAI-1 detection significantly improves the accuracy of diagnosing DVT risk in patients with pulmonary heart disease,reducing missed and incorrect diagnoses.This study provides a comprehensive assessment tool for clinicians,enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cor pulmonale complicated by DVT.Future research should validate these findings in larger samples and explore additional thrombotic biomarkers to optimize the predictive model.

Lipocalin-2-induced proliferative endoplasmic reticulum stress participates in Kawasaki disease-related pulmonary arterial abnormalities

Clinical cases have reported pulmonary arterial structural and functional abnormalities in patients with Kawasaki disease(KD);however,the underlying mechanisms are unclear.In this study,a KD rat model was established via the intraperitoneal injection of Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract(LCWE).The results showed that pulmonary arterial functional and structural abnormalities were observed in KD rats.Furthermore,proliferative endoplasmic reticulum stress(ER stress)was observed in the pulmonary arteries of KD rats.Notably,the level of lipocalin-2(Lcn 2),a trigger factor of inflammation,was remarkably elevated in the plasma and lung tissues of KD rats;increased Lcn 2 levels following LCWE stimulation may result from polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs).Correspondingly,in cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs),Lcn 2 markedly augmented the cleavage and nuclear localization of activating transcription factor-6(ATF6),upregulated the transcription of glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78)and neurite outgrowth inhibitor(NOGO),and promoted PASMCs proliferation.However,proapoptotic C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP)and caspase 12 levels were not elevated.Treatment with 4-phenyl butyric acid(4-PBA,a specific inhibitor of ER stress)inhibited PASMCs proliferation induced by Lcn 2 and attenuated pulmonary arterial abnormalities and right ventricular hypertrophy and reduced right ventricular systolic pressure in KD rats.In conclusion,Lcn 2 remarkably facilitates proliferative ER stress in PASMCs,which probably accounts for KD-related pulmonary arterial abnormalities.

Safety and efficacy of balloon angioplasty compared to stent-basedstrategies with pulmonary vein stenosis:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Pulmonary vein stenosis(PVS)is an uncommon but known cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children and can be managed with percutaneous revascularization strategies of pulmonary vein balloon angioplasty(PBA)or pulmonary vein stent implantation(PSI).AIM To study the safety and efficacy outcomes of PBA vs PSI in all patient categories with PVS.METHODS We performed a literature search of all studies comparing outcomes of patients evaluated by PBA vs PSI for PVS.We selected all published studies comparing PBA vs PSI for PVS with reported outcomes of restenosis and procedure-related complications in all patient categories.In adults,PVS following atrial fibrillation ablation and in children PVS related to congenital etiology or post-procedural PVS following total or partial anomalous pulmonary venous return repair were included.The patient-centered outcomes were risk of restenosis requiring re-intervention and procedural-related complications.The metaanalysis was performed by computing odds ratios(ORs)using the random effects model based on underlying statistical heterogeneity.RESULTS Eight observational studies treating 768 severe PVS in 487 patients met our inclusion criteria.The age range of patients was 6 months to 70 years and 67%were males.The primary outcome of the re-stenosis requiring re-intervention occurred in 196 of 325 veins in the PBA group and 111 of 443 veins in the PSI group.Compared to PSI,PBA was associated with a significantly increased risk of re-stenosis(OR 2.91,95%CI:1.15-7.37,P=0.025,I2=79.2%).Secondary outcomes of the procedurerelated complications occurred in 7 of 122 patients in the PBA group and 6 of 69 in the PSI group.There were no statistically significant differences in the safety outcomes between the two groups(OR:0.94,95%CI:0.23-3.76,P=0.929,I^(2)=0.0%).CONCLUSION Across all patient categories with PVS,PSI is associated with reduced risk of re-intervention and is as safe as PBA and should be considered first-line therapy for PVS.

Electroanatomical systems to guided circumferential pulmonary veins ablation for atrial fibrillation: initial experience from comparison between the Ensite/NavX and CARTO system

Background The circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) has been proved effective for atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment and is becoming more widely accepted and practiced. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of the CARTO and the Ensite/NavX system and draw a comparison between them on the aspects of procedural parameters and clinical effectiveness. Methods Seventy-five cases with paroxysmal or chronic symptomatic AF were randomly assigned to CPVA procedure guided by the Ensite/NavX system (group I, n = 40) and by the CARTO system (group II, n = 35). After successful transseptal procedure, the geometry of left atrium was created under the guidance of the two systems. Radiofrequency energy was applied to circumferentially ablate tissues out of pulmonary veins' (PVs') ostia. In cases with chronic AF, linear ablation was applied to modify the substrate of left atrium LA). The endpoint of the procedure was complete PVs isolation. Results Seventy-five cases underwent the procedure successfully. The total procedure and fluoroscopic durations in group II were significantly shorter than in group I [(150 +/- 23) min and (18 +/- 17) min versus (170 +/- 34) min and (25 +/- 16) min, P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively]. There was no significant difference in the fluoroscopic and procedure durations for geometry creation between group I and group II [ (8 4) min and (16 +/- 11) min versus (5 +/- 4) min and (14 +/- 8) min, respectively]. The fluoroscopic durations for CPVA were (15 5) min in group I versus (10 6) min in group II (P = 0.05), and the CPVA procedural durations were significantly shorter in group II than in group I [(18 +/- 11) min versus (25 +/- 10) min, P 0.04]. AF was terminated by radio frequency delivery in 14 cases (35%) in group I versus 5 cases (14%) in group II (P = 0.035). After CPVA complete PV isolation was attained in 26 cases (65%)in group I versus 11 cases (31%) in group II (P = 0.004). During a mean follow-up of 7 months, 32 (80%) cases in group I and 24 (69%) cases in group II were arrhythmia-free (P = 0.06). One case developed pericardium effusion and another one case was found to have intestinal artery thrombosis in group II. One case had moderate hemothorax in group I. All the complications were cured by proper treatment. No PV stenosis was observed. Conclusions The CPVA procedure for atrial fibrillation is effective and safe. Although there is difference between the CARTO and the Ensite/NavX system, the CPVA procedure guided by either of them yields similar clinical results.

Epicardial isolation of pulmonary veins with ethanol in open chest dogs

Background Radiofrequency （RF） ablation has become a widely accepted treatment for atrial fibrillation （AF）. This study aimed to identify the efficacy and safety of pulmonary vein （PV） ablation with ethanol and to explore an alternative energy source for catheter ablation of AF. Methods Twelve open-chest mongrel dogs were randomized into ethanol ablation group and control group. Both the injections and electrophysiological mapping procedures were performed epicardialy. In ethanol ablation group （n=-6）, injections were performed to circumferentially ablate the root of each PV （0.2 ml each site, 3 mm apart） with 95% ethanol using an 1 ml injector. In control group （n=6）, saline was injected other than ethanol.

Pulmonary Hypertension Crisis in Patient with Tetralogy of Fallot and Mixed Total Anomalous Pulmonary Vein Connection after the Primary Correction:A Rare Case Report

Tetralogy of Fallot(TOF)with total anomalous pulmonary vein connections(TAPVC)is a rare type of complex congenital heart disease among all TOF cases.Co-presentation of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries(MAPCAs)compensates for the lack of central pulmonary bloodflow and decreases the severity of right-to-left shunting in TOF.We present a case of a 2-year-old child with complex diagnoses of TOF,TAPVC,a large secun-dum atrial septal defect(ASD),and intraoperatively identified MAPCAs.She underwent surgery to repair the TAPVC,valve-sparing reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract,interventricular defect closure,and the creation of patent foramen ovale(PFO).After the operation,hemodynamic instability happened along with sudden blood pressure drop,desaturation,and increased central venous pressure,which subsided after adminis-tering inhalational nitric oxide(NO).A postoperative pulmonary hypertension crisis was suggested when the patient experienced recurrent symptoms after the termination of NO.Echocardiographicfindings of a D-shaped left ventricle(LV),right-to-left PFO shunt and high tricuspid valve gradientfirmly established the diagnosis.It was subsequently managed with continuous NO inhalation and sildenafil,which rendered a satisfactory outcome.Repaired TOF and TAPVC could be at particular risk of developing pulmonary hypertension crisis,especially in the presence of MAPCAs due to possible remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature.Furthermore,a relatively non-compliant LV function and small left atrial size may exacerbate the risk of developing postcapillary pulmonary hypertension after TAPVC repair.A successful postoperative outcome calls for a meticulous preoperative analysis of the anatomical lesions,as well as careful monitoring.

Removal of a pulmonary artery foreign body during pulse ablation in a patient with atrial fibrillation:A case report

BACKGROUND Foreign bodies in the pulmonary circulation have been documented in the literature and are typically caused by interventional procedures.However,reports of pulmonary artery foreign bodies during femoral vein puncture are rare,and there is no description of this complication from the guidewire surface flows into the pulmonary artery during a pulse ablation in a patient with atrial fibrillation.CASE SUMMARY We described a case in which a linear foreign body suddenly appeared on fluoroscopy image during pulsed ablation of atrial fibrillation.Multiposition angiography showed that the foreign body was currently lodged in the pulmonary artery but was hemodynamically stable.We then chose to use an interventional approach to remove the foreign body from the pulmonary artery.This foreign body was subsequently confirmed to be from the hydrophilic coating of the guidewire surface.This may be related to the difficulties encountered during the puncture of the femoral vein.This is a rare and serious complication of femoral vein puncture.Therefore,we reported this case in order to avoid a similar situation.CONCLUSION Mismatches between interventional devices from different manufacturers used for femoral venipuncture may result in pulmonary artery foreign bodies.

Right Sub-Axillary Incision for Right Pulmonary Vein Atresia in a Child:A Case Report and Literature Review

Unilateral pulmonary vein atresia(UPVA)in children is a rare disease that is characterized by a recurrent pulmonary infection and hemoptysis in childhood.This paper is a report of a case of pulmonary venous atresia treated by a right sub-axillary incision.Hopefully,more literature can be produced to improve the awareness and treatment level of pulmonary vein atresia.

成人单侧肺静脉缺如并支气管动脉扩张1例

患者,女,56岁。因“反复咯血10+年,加重2-天”就诊。10+年前,患者无明显诱因出现咯血,曾诊断“支气管扩张”,经治疗好转后出院,此后上述症状偶有发作,经治疗可好转。半天前,患者无明显诱因出现痰中带血,咯血约20mL;呼吸:18次/分,血压:128/89mmHg,呼吸平稳,气管居中,胸廓对称,双肺叩清音,双肺呼吸音粗,未闻及明显干湿鸣音。心界无扩大,心率90次/分,律齐,各瓣膜听诊区未闻及病理性杂音。

高功率环肺静脉电隔离常规联合高功率上腔静脉电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动的临床效果

目的探讨高功率环肺静脉电隔离常规联合高功率上腔静脉电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动的有效性和安全性。方法选取100例阵发性心房颤动患者,其中50例行单纯高功率环肺静脉电隔离术(对照组);另50例在高功率环肺静脉电隔离术基础上常规行高功率上腔静脉电隔离(试验组),比较两组手术操作时间、1年后心房颤动复发率及并发症发生情况。结果高功率环肺静脉电隔离常规联合高功率上腔静脉电隔离的试验组较对照组手术操作时间延长(P<0.05),但1年后心房颤动复发率降低(P<0.05)。两组各出现1例心包积液,试验组和对照组均未出现窦房结及膈神经损伤。结论高功率环肺静脉电隔离常规联合高功率上腔静脉电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动是安全的,且与单纯行环肺静脉电隔离相比可有效降低心房颤动术后1年的复发率。

二代冷冻球囊治疗心房颤动合并高血压的安全性和有效性研究

目的本研究旨在回顾性分析二代冷冻球囊导管治疗心房颤动合并高血压的有效性和安全性。方法选择在福建省立医院接受二代球囊冷冻消融手术的1027例房颤患者,回顾性分析两组基线资料、术中参数及并发症发生情况。利用Kaplan-Meier法计算术后12个月、24个月及36个月两组房颤患者无房扑/房颤发生的概率。结果高血压组与非高血压组在合并糖尿病、冠心病、BMI、年龄、左房大小、CHA2DS2-VASC评分、HAS-BLED评分差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术中参数差异无统计学意义;围手术期主要并发症相似(3.3%vs.3.0%,P=1),两组术后12个月、24个月及36个月的成功率分别为:82.0%vs.81.2%;74.9%vs.72.9%;66.3%vs.72.9%。生存曲线差异无统计学意义(95%CI:0.75,1.4,P=0.23)。结论二代冷冻球囊肺静脉电隔离PVI治疗房颤合并高血压与治疗非高血压一样,有良好的安全性和成功率。

温石棉对内皮细胞Wnt5a、p16和p21表达的影响

目的探讨温石棉对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)的影响。方法实验组以50、100、200 mg/L温石棉纤维液刺激HUVECs 24、48、72 h,对照组仅加RPMI 1640培养基培养细胞,观察细胞形态变化,β-半乳糖苷酶法分析细胞衰老情况,四甲基偶氮唑蓝法检测细胞存活率。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测细胞中Wnt5a、p16和p21 mRNA的表达情况。结果实验组HUVECs多呈梭形,部分呈圆形或不规则形,出现裸核及空泡现象,可见死亡细胞。随温石棉质量浓度及暴露时间的增加,细胞活性逐渐降低,衰老细胞逐渐增多。100 mg/L温石棉处理HUVECs 24 h时,细胞生长较活跃。与对照组相比,实验组Wnt5a、p16和p21 mRNA表达水平均增高(P<0.05)。结论温石棉可促进HUVECs衰老,Wnt5a、p16和p21参与此过程。

肺动静脉畸形致急性脑梗死一例

患者女性,70岁,主因突发性意识丧失伴右侧肢体无力、言语不能34小时,于2021年6月10日下午16∶00收入首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院。患者入院前1天6∶00突发意识丧失致跌倒,急诊至当地医院,体格检查无法配合,仅可见右侧肢体无自主活动,头部CT未见脑出血,发病后2小时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分20分,遂予rt-PA静脉溶栓(0.90 mg/kg),意识转清,NIHSS评分降至9分,右侧肢体肌力3级,有自主活动,但无法言语;发病后6小时再次出现意识障碍,复查头部CT仍无脑出血,遂转至我院急诊(6月9日17∶00)。

超声心动图鉴别诊断部分型和完全型肺静脉异位引流及对肺循环压力和引流静脉狭窄的判定

目的:研究多普勒超声心动图(CDE)鉴别诊断部分型和完全型肺静脉异位引流的价值及对肺循环压力和引流静脉狭窄的判定。方法:以2020年2月—2023年2月在本院诊断的120例肺静脉异位引流患儿为研究对象,其中部分型肺静脉异位引流患儿71例,完全型肺静脉异位引流患儿49例,所有患儿均行CT血管成像(CTA)及CDE检查。比较CTA及CDE联合诊断效能、两组患儿伴引流静脉狭窄的情况及肺循环压力之间的差异。结果:CTA判定肺静脉异位引流分型的准确率明显高于CDE(P<0.05);ROC曲线分析显示,CTA及CDE联合诊断的曲线下面积显著高于单独检测;CTA及CDE联合检查对于引流静脉狭窄的诊断与金标准的一致性较强,其中完全型患儿中,25例与金标准诊断一致(Kappa值=0.556),部分型患儿中,24例与金标准诊断一致(Kappa值=0.618);完全型肺静脉异位引流患儿的三尖瓣反流峰值压差显著高于部分型肺静脉异位引流患儿(t=3.153,P=0.002),左室舒张末期前后径显著低于部分型肺静脉异位引流患儿(t=9.123,P=0.000)。结论:CDE及CTA联合诊断部分型和完全型肺静脉异位引流与金标准的一致性较强,通过对肺循环压力和引流静脉狭窄的有效判定,可进一步指导临床治疗。

Different dissecting orders of the pulmonary bronchus and vessels during right upper lobectomy are associated with surgical feasibility and postoperative recovery for lung cancer patients

Background: Right upper lobectomy(RUL) for lung cancer with di erent dissecting orders involves the most vari?able anatomical structures, but no studies have analyzed its e ects on postoperative recovery. This study compared the conventional surgical approach, VAB(dissecting pulmonary vessels first, followed by the bronchus), and the alter?native surgical approach, a BVA(dissecting the posterior ascending arterial branch first, followed by the bronchus and vessels) on improving surgical feasibility and postoperative recovery for lung cancer patients.Methods: According to the surgical approach, consecutive lung cancer patients undergoing RUL were grouped into a BVA and VAB cohorts. Their clinical, pathologic, and perioperative characteristics were collected to compare periop?erative outcomes.Results: Three hundred one patients were selected(109 in the a BVA cohort and 192 in the VAB cohort). The mean operation time was shorter in the a BVA cohort than in the VAB cohort(164 vs. 221 min, P < 0.001), and less blood loss occurred in the a BVA cohort(92 vs. 141 m L, P < 0.001). The rate of conversion to thoracotomy was lower in the a BVA cohort than in the VAB cohort(0% vs. 11.5%, P < 0.001). The mean duration of postoperative chest drainage was shorter in the a BVA cohort than in the VAB cohort(3.6 vs. 4.5 days, P rvival was n= 0.001). The rates of postoperative complica?tions were comparable(P = 0.629). The median overall suot arrived in both cohorts(P > 0.05). The median disease?free survival was comparable for all patients in the two cohorts(not arrived vs. 41.97 months) and for patients with disease recurrences(13.25 vs. 9.44 months)(both P > 0.05). The recurrence models in two cohorts were also comparable for patients with local recurrences(6.4% vs. 7.8%), distant metastases(10.1% vs. 8.3%), and both(1.8% vs. 1.6%)(all P > 0.05).Conclusions: Dissecting the right upper bronchus before turning over the lobe repeatedly and dissecting veins via the a BVA approach during RUL would promote surgical feasibility and achieve comparable postoperative recovery for lung cancer patients.

心房颤动环肺静脉隔离联合额外部位消融的疗效评价——一项随机对照试验的Meta分析

目的:探究环肺静脉隔离(CPVI)联合额外部位消融是否比单纯CPVI术后心房颤动(房颤)复发风险低。方法:计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆等数据库,筛选出近10年符合标准的随机对照研究,应用Review Manager 5.3软件对文献相关内容进行Meta分析,总结比较单纯CPVI与CPVI联合额外部位消融策略在消融后房颤复发中的差异。结果:共纳入21篇文献,包括21项研究3357例患者,其中1580例行单纯CPVI,1777例行CPVI联合额外部位消融,随访时间均大于1年。Meta分析结果表明,与单纯CPVI相比,CPVI联合额外部位消融未降低房颤复发风险(OR=0.86,95%CI:0.73~1.01,P=0.06)。根据额外消融部位、房颤类型、左心房内径、房颤诊断时间进行亚组分析,发现只在较小的左心房内径亚组中,CPVI联合额外部位消融进一步降低房颤复发风险(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.47~0.98,P=0.04),在其他亚组中未发现上述现象。结论:相比于单纯CPVI,CPVI联合额外部位的消融策略未降低消融后房颤复发风险。

心房和肺静脉机械牵张在慢性心力衰竭合并心房颤动中的作用与相关治疗的研究进展

心房颤动是心力衰竭患者最常见的心律失常之一。心力衰竭引发心房颤动的机制主要涉及炎症反应、血流动力学引起的机械牵张及离子通道的变化导致的电生理重塑等,其中机械牵张被认为是诱发心房颤动的关键因素之一。目前研究已证明,心力衰竭合并心房颤动的治疗往往存在复发率高和预后不佳等问题,因此,深入探究病因并寻找新的防治策略尤为重要。现主要综述心房和肺静脉机械牵张在慢性心力衰竭合并心房颤动患者病情发生、发展过程中的病理生理机制,探讨减少心房和肺静脉机械牵张在治疗及预后判断中的潜在作用。