Evaluation of genetic response of mesenchymal stem cells to nanosecond pulsed electric fields by whole transcriptome sequencing

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)modulated by various exogenous signals have been applied extensively in regenerative medicine research.Notably,nanosecond pulsed electric fields(nsPEFs),characterized by short duration and high strength,significantly influence cell phenotypes and regulate MSCs differentiation via multiple pathways.Consequently,we used transcriptomics to study changes in messenger RNA(mRNA),long noncoding RNA(lncRNA),microRNA(miRNA),and circular RNA expression during nsPEFs application.AIM To explore gene expression profiles and potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in MSCs pretreated with nsPEFs.METHODS The impact of nsPEFs on the MSCs transcriptome was investigated through whole transcriptome sequencing.MSCs were pretreated with 5-pulse nsPEFs(100 ns at 10 kV/cm,1 Hz),followed by total RNA isolation.Each transcript was normalized by fragments per kilobase per million.Fold change and difference significance were applied to screen the differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to elucidate gene functions,complemented by quantitative polymerase chain reaction verification.RESULTS In total,263 DEGs were discovered,with 92 upregulated and 171 downregulated.DEGs were predominantly enriched in epithelial cell proliferation,osteoblast differentiation,mesenchymal cell differentiation,nuclear division,and wound healing.Regarding cellular components,DEGs are primarily involved in condensed chromosome,chromosomal region,actin cytoskeleton,and kinetochore.From aspect of molecular functions,DEGs are mainly involved in glycosaminoglycan binding,integrin binding,nuclear steroid receptor activity,cytoskeletal motor activity,and steroid binding.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed targeted transcript regulation.CONCLUSION Our systematic investigation of the wide-ranging transcriptional pattern modulated by nsPEFs revealed the differential expression of 263 mRNAs,2 miRNAs,and 65 lncRNAs.Our study demonstrates that nsPEFs may affect stem cells through several signaling pathways,which are involved in vesicular transport,calcium ion transport,cytoskeleton,and cell differentiation.

Application of a Pulsed Electric Field to Modify the Free Energy of the Active Site of an Azoreductase

The Gibbs free energy is strongly related to the stability and catalytic function of an enzyme through the energetic changes that occur in the chemical reactions the enzyme catalyzes. In this in silico study, a pulsed electric field was applied to an azoreductase, and its effect on the Gibbs free energy of molecular docking with two dyes was measured. We propose that certain stimuli from a pulsed electric field favor the structural stability of the enzyme by promoting an arrangement in the active site, potentially leading to an enhancement of enzymatic activity overall.

Prevalence and Study of the Clonality of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains in Neonatology at the University Hospitals of Abidjan by the Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and the Quantitative Antibiogram

Background: ESBL-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the main causes of nosocomial and hospital-acquired infections, are commonly associated with therapeutic impasses. Surveillance of these multidrug-resistant pathogens is a crucial tool for controlling and preventing infections. This surveillance involves the use of appropriate molecular and phenotypic typing techniques. The choice of techniques is based on criteria such as discriminatory power, intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility, epidemiological concordance, ease of use and cost. The aim of our study was to identify clusters of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-K. pneumoniae) strains circulating in neonatology using quantitative antibiogram (QA) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 55 K. pneumoniae strains isolated from a total of 513 samples. These various samples are taken from newborns, healthcare personnel, and the environment. K. pneumoniae identification followed standard bacteriological procedures and was confirmed using the Vitek® 2 (bioMérieux). The detection of the ESBL phenotype was performed using the synergy test. QA and PFGE were used to identify clonal relationships between the various strains isolated. Concordance between these two methods was assessed by calculating Cohen’s KAPPA coefficient and Simpson’s diversity index. Results: Among the 55 K. pneumoniae strains included in this study, 58.2% (32/55) were found to be Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producers. Most of these strains were isolated from neonatal samples (blood samples and rectal swabs). The quantitative antibiogram method applied to 28 out of the 32 ESBL-producing strains revealed that the isolates were grouped into 5 clusters. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis performed on a total of 16 ESBL-producing strains showed the existence of four profiles. A perfect concordance was observed between the two methods. Conclusion: The results of this study highlighted the existence of clonal strains of various origins within neonatology units.

Quantum control of ultrafast magnetic field in H_(3)^(2+)molecules by tricircular polarized laser pulses

We present a scheme to control the generated ultrafast magnetic field in H_(3)^(2+)molecules using multi-frequency tricircular pulses composed of co-and counter-rotating bicircular pulses.Simulations show that the field amplitude and the wavelength are two significant factors for magnetic field generation by tricircular pulses.Specifically,the strength of the magnetic field is linearly related to the field amplitude atλ_(0)=50 nm,while atλ_(0)=70 nm,the strength first increases and then decreases with the amplitude,this can be attributed to the resonance between the ground and excited states.Moreover,the phase and helicity of bicircular pulses are shown to have important effects on the magnetic field.The dependence of the magnetic field on the phase arises from the interference effect between multiple ionization pathways.These findings illustrate a guiding principle for controlling the magnetic field in molecular systems for future research in ultrafast magneto-optics.

Effect of wide-spectrum pulsed magnetic field on grain refinement of pure aluminium

A wide-spectrum pulsed magnetic field(WSPMF)was obtained by adjusting the number of current pulses and the pulse interval between adjacent pulses.The effect of WSPMF on the grain refinement of pure aluminium was studied.The distribution of electromagnetic force and flow field in the melt under the WSPMF was simulated to reveal the grain refining mechanism.Results show that the grain refinement is attributed to the combined effect of the melt flow and oscillation under a WSPMF.When the pulse interval is 5 ms,the extreme value of electromagnetic force is the highest,and the size of the crystal nucleus is 0.35 mm.In the case of similar flow rates,the grain size gradually decreases as the pulse interval increases.The range of the harmonic frequency of the magnetic field gradually expands with the increase of the pulse interval,which can provide more energy for nucleation at the solid-liquid interface and promote nucleation.

Demulsification Behavior, Characteristics, and Performance of Surfactant Stabilized Oil-in-Water Emulsion under Bidirectional Pulsed Electric Field

As a novel electric demulsification method,bidirectional pulsed electric field(BPEF)was employed to demulsify the surfactant stabilized oil-in-water(SSO/W)emulsion for oil/water separation in this work.The demulsification behavior,characteristics,and stages under BPEF were explored.It was discovered that BPEF drove SSO/W emulsion to move and form vortexes,during which the oil droplets aggregated and accumulated to generate an oil droplet layer(ODL).ODL subsequently transformed into a continuous oil layer(COL)leading to the demulsification and separation of SSO/W emulsion.The conversion rate of ODL to COL was defined and used to evaluate the demulsification process and reflect the coalescence ability and transformation efficiency of dispersed oil droplets into COL.Furthermore,the effects of BPEF voltage,frequency,duty cycle,ratio of pulse output time,and surfactant type and content on the demulsification performance were examined.The optimal values of BPEF parameters for demulsification operation were 400 V,25 Hz,50%,and 4:1.O/W emulsion containing anionic surfactant was apt to be demulsified by BPEF,nonionic surfactant took the second place and cationic surfactant was the most difficult.A high surfactant content was not conducive to the BPEF demulsification.This work is anticipated to provide useful guidance for oil/water separation and oil recovery from actual emulsified oily wastewater by BPEF.

Generation of quasi-chirp-free isolated attosecond pulses from atoms under the action of orthogonal two-color combined pulse of fundamental frequency and higher intensity second harmonic fields

The intrinsic chirp of high-order harmonic generation is an important factor limiting the production of ultrashort attosecond pulses.Based on numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation,the generation process of highorder harmonic from the He atom under the action of orthogonal two-color combined pulse of fundamental frequency and higher intensity second harmonic fields is studied.In this paper,we propose to achieve quasi-chirp-free isolated attosecond pulses by superimposing a higher second-harmonic field on the orthogonal direction of the fundamental frequency field.It is found that the high-energy part of its harmonic emission exhibits small chirp characteristics,which can be used to synthesize isolated attosecond pulses.Through the analysis of the wave packets evolution and the classical motion trajectories of the electron,it is demonstrated that the quasi-chirp-free harmonic can be attributed to the simultaneous return of electrons ionized at different times to the parent particle.The influence of the relative phase of the two pulses on the harmonics is further analyzed,and it is observed that this phenomenon is sensitive to the relative phase,but it can still generate isolated attosecond pulses within a certain phase.

Modeling of pulsed electric field processing

Herein,we discuss the modeling of the pulsed electric field(PEF)process,with attention focused on the originally intended application of pasteurization of liquid foods.We review literature on three classes of models.First are the models for electroporation(of molecular scale),derived from physics and physical chemistry considerations,and their extension to probabilistic approaches which treat pore formation as a random process.We discuss the more recent approaches involving molecular dynamics.Then,we consider treatment-chamber and system scale models,which are based on continuum physics approaches,and rely on computational Multiphysics codes for their solution.We then discuss the base assumptions for several modeling studies.Next,we consider models for inactivation kinetics for bacteria exposed to PEF,including the first order,Hulsheger,Peleg and Weibull models.We close with discussions of other models and experimental approaches for model verification and obtaining kinetic parameters from continuous flow PEF systems.

飞轮储能用永磁同步电机温度场分析

针对飞轮储能用永磁同步电机散热困难的问题,以某额定功率为300 kW、转速为10000 r/min的永磁同步电机为研究对象,利用磁热耦合的方法,对永磁同步电机的损耗和温度场进行模拟及测试分析,研究永磁同步电机的损耗及电机热分布;利用热仿真模型,研究电机关键部件散热的影响因素。结果表明:高温主要集中于永磁体及绕组区域;减小流道宽度、增大流道数目以及增大流道圆角半径可有效提高定子散热性能;辐射率越高,永磁体散热性能越好;改进电机结构后,永磁体最高温度下降10.5%。研究结果可为永磁同步电机的设计及散热优化提供参考。

脉冲磁场对GCr15轴承钢网状碳化物的影响

在GCr15轴承钢的球化退火过程中施加脉冲磁场,研究脉冲磁场对其组织形貌和力学性能的影响,探讨脉冲磁场作用下网状碳化物溶解的热力学和动力学机理。结果表明:随着施加脉冲磁场时间的延长,GCr15轴承钢中沿晶界分布的碳化物由封闭网转变为半网,当施加脉冲磁场时间为20 min,晶界处的网状碳化物消失。这主要是由于施加脉冲磁场后,在热力学方面网状碳化物溶解的势垒降低,动力学方面原子扩散系数增大,这都促进了网状碳化物的溶解。随着施加脉冲磁场时间的延长,GCr15轴承钢的抗拉强度(R_(m))和屈服强度(R_(p0.2))基本保持不变,伸长率(A)提高了18%(从5 min的33%提高到20 min的39%),断面收缩率(Z)提高了13%(从5 min的61%提高到20 min的69%)。

近远场地震下RC大跨轻柔拱桥减隔震支座方案优化

为探明不同地震动输入对某大跨轻柔拱桥减隔震的影响,通过非线性有限元模型分析近远场地震下桥梁结构的响应规律,得到大桥支座的优化布置方案.首先,基于模态分析,对比该桥与传统钢筋混凝土(RC)拱桥动力特性差异;其次,选取不同脉冲周期的近场地震动、近场无脉冲及远场长周期地震动记录;最后,研究近远场地震下拱桥的响应行为和损伤演化路径,得到优化桥梁的减隔震支座设计方案.研究结果表明:近场脉冲及远场长周期地震下的桥梁结构响应大于无脉冲地震响应;纵竖向地震下高墩柱剪力及弯矩包络曲线呈“S”形,墩身中部易形成塑性铰,高阶振型影响显著;桥梁纵桥向先于横向震损,损伤路径依次为矮柱、高墩柱及拱肋实心-空心截面段;摩擦摆支座减震效果最佳但位移较大,高阻尼支座方案在近场中长脉冲周期及远场长周期地震下仍会发生损伤,板式橡胶支座方案因无法保证支座同步滑移而不能形成准隔震体系;“高阻尼+摩擦摆”混合方案的支座位移小,拱肋及墩柱均处于弹性,是近断层大跨轻柔RC拱桥的优选减隔震方案.

地磁感应电流多学科交叉研究进展

地磁感应电流(geomagnetically induced currents,GIC)是指地球变化磁场在地球表面导体中产生的感应电流,可对电网、油气管道、高铁等人造基础设施造成严重破坏,包括电力系统失效、通信干扰和电子设备损坏等,影响其稳定运行和功能。研究GIC的意义在于深入理解其产生机理及影响因素,为制定相应的预防和应对策略提供科学依据。论文在深入总结GIC研究进展的基础上,详细阐述了GIC的产生机理及影响因素,包括宇宙空间、地球环境和电力系统对GIC的影响;概述了GIC的研究现状,分别从空间物理、地球物理和电气工程领域对GIC进行了综合评述;进而详细介绍了GIC估算的步骤,包括地磁场数据与建模、地电场和导体中GIC的计算;并重点分析了不同地球物理参数对GIC估算结果的影响以及互相之间的差异;最后,对GIC研究面临的挑战、地球物理在相关问题解决中的潜在贡献以及研究未来进行展望。

铁电陶瓷脉冲耐压失效分布及耐压可靠性

铁电陶瓷在高电场下的击穿问题是困扰铁电陶瓷应用的关键问题之一.本文统计了铁电陶瓷在正向脉冲电场(4.5 kV/mm)失效概率与脉冲次数的分布关系,对通过第10次脉冲耐压样品第11次的失效概率进行了分析,开展了铁电陶瓷经历万次以上的脉冲耐压后压电常数与电滞回线测试研究.结果表明:铁电陶瓷的击穿概率与脉冲加电压次数曲线呈现典型的浴盆曲线分布,经历10次脉冲高压测试合格的样品,其脉冲耐压失效概率相比于未经历脉冲高压陶瓷样品,降低了4个数量级以上,且上述脉冲高压加载接近无损.考虑到裂纹扩展速度,多个缺陷导致的裂纹同时扩展并连通是铁电陶瓷在脉冲高电压下断裂的主要原因.

电磁脉冲电场测量技术研究综述

宽频带大动态范围的脉冲电场测量是电磁脉冲效应、防护以及电磁兼容等相关领域的一项共性基础技术,在过去50年以来受到研究人员的广泛关注,并发展出不同手段的测量技术。无源微分(D-dot)测量传感器带宽相对较高,但尺寸较大、集成度低;有源光纤测量系统最大测量带宽约为1 GHz,尺寸相对较小、集成度高、实用性强。集成光学传感器作为一种带宽宽、体积小的无源传感器,各国均有研究。本文主要回顾上述几种脉冲电场测量技术近期研究进展,并结合发展现状分析脉冲电场测量技术存在的挑战和未来可能的研究方向,为相关领域研究人员提供参考。

多级柱面炸药内爆磁通量压缩技术研究

柱面内爆磁通量压缩发生器是利用炸药内爆压缩其内部磁通量至轴线附近小体积内从而实现超高磁场,传统的单级装置因受到金属套筒内爆失稳等影响性能指标受限。开展了多级内爆磁压缩技术研究,突破多项关键技术,包括研制特殊结构的密绕螺线管、脉冲功率源及大电流放电开关等,具备在直径135 mm套筒空间内实现20 T以上初始磁场产生能力,并建立了动态磁光测量系统。利用磁流体力学编码SSS-MHD开展多级装置设计,计算显示,设计的多级装置能够将约42%的初始磁通量压缩至轴线附近直径7 mm的空间内。最终研制成功多级内爆磁压缩装置CJ-150,在亚立方厘米以上空间实现轴向峰值磁场强度906 T,数据不确定度5.35%。10余发动态考核实验显示,CJ-150装置工作稳定,能够满足物理实验需要。利用经实验验证的磁流体模型计算显示,CJ-150具备1000 T以上超强磁场产生能力,能够对大尺寸样品实现500 GPa以上的准等熵加载。

千特斯拉级内爆磁压缩装置初始磁场电源系统研制

初始磁场电源系统用于激励千特斯拉级内爆磁压缩装置的初级线圈产生初始磁场,是内爆磁压缩装置的关键设备。在分析千特斯拉级内爆磁压缩装置初始磁场电源需求和技术难点的基础上,系统设计了核心部件选择方案和主脉冲电路及控制系统结构,研制成功一套输出电压1~40 kV可调、主放电电流脉冲上升沿约60μs、总峰值电流达3.2 MA的初始磁场电源系统,已应用于千特斯拉级内爆磁压缩装置动态试验。

双碳背景下铝电解绿色低碳技术体系构建

沈阳院铝电解绿色深度节能技术是针对国家双碳战略和行业阶梯电价背景而形成的一整套技术体系。其从铝电解工艺本质切入,着手于磁流体稳定性提升、良好热平衡维持和系统性节能降耗三个方向,包含了磁场原位升级技术、网络化自均衡母线技术、节能长寿命阴极及内衬技术、双侧精准集气技术以及相配套的生产操作及管理技术等。该技术体系已经在超过45条电解系列上应用,涉及了从180到600 kA的所有国内电解槽型,直流电耗最低达到了12200 kWh/t-Al以下。该技术的应用有助于缓解电解铝生产企业的节能降碳压力,同时提高电解生产的安全性和稳定性。

基于正交电磁场的等离子体电子密度控制

正交电磁场是一种极具应用前景的降低等离子体电子密度、消除再入通信黑障的控制方法。根据离子质量与动量的守恒原理,建立了正交电磁场控制的物理模型;通过与流体力学方程的比拟,应用隐式格式实现了物理模型的稳定求解。通过数值模拟研究了正交电磁场控制装置中外加电场强度、磁场强度等参数对等离子体电子密度控制效果的影响规律,发现:在电流及磁场作用下,洛伦兹力使得电子发生漂移,导致局部电子密度下降,出现电磁窗口;电压越高、磁场越强,控制效果越好;对于相同磁场,电压较低时,电子密度减小量与电压基本成线性关系,电压超过100 V后,两者关系的非线性逐渐增强。由此,本文制造了电子密度控制原理样机,并在等离子体实验平台中进行了实验,采用发射光谱法和微波干涉法测量诊断了等离子体的电子密度变化情况,在控制区内得到了局部低电子密度区,证实了洛伦兹力作用下等离子体的漂移以及对等离子体电子密度的控制作用。

基于自抗扰的永磁同步电机附加谐波损耗抑制方法

针对永磁同步电机在变频器供电时,由时间电流谐波所引起的附加谐波损耗过大及难以在电机初始设计时被考虑到的问题,采用场路耦合联合仿真模型来计算电机的附加谐波损耗,并以4台现有的表贴式永磁同步电机为例,通过实验验证了场路耦合联合仿真模型的有效性,为电机设计之初附加谐波损耗的选取,以及后续温升的计算提供了前期计算的方法。同时提出一种基于自抗扰技术的附加谐波损耗抑制方法,设计一种适用于永磁同步电机矢量控制的自抗扰控制器,并从理论上验证了自抗扰控制器对于时间电流谐波的抑制作用,以及针对自抗扰控制器参数众多调参困难的问题,给出一种参数整定方案。最后通过引入所设计的自抗扰控制器,对电机的时间电流谐波进行计算和分析,使电机的附加谐波损耗降低了68.1%,为同类型电机的附加谐波损耗抑制提供了一种有效的方法。

电爆炸金属桥箔早期过程中电磁-热-力多物理场耦合建模与分析

金属桥箔的电爆炸过程对电炮、冲击片雷管等的性能影响极为关键。这一过程中物质性质变化、几何构型和动力学过程非常复杂,早期的大量理论模拟工作均采用极为简化的物理模型。为此,建立了描述爆炸箔早期行为的三维电磁-热-固体力学耦合求解全物理模型,模拟爆炸箔在大电流加载下的早期受热膨胀过程,并对早期膨胀过程中桥箔上的磁场、电流、温度等演化进行分析,观察到电流在构型和电阻率两种因素影响下的角扩散和线扩散现象,模拟得到的桥区温度场分布与参考文献中的实验图像及模拟结果定性符合。