Evaluation of genetic response of mesenchymal stem cells to nanosecond pulsed electric fields by whole transcriptome sequencing

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)modulated by various exogenous signals have been applied extensively in regenerative medicine research.Notably,nanosecond pulsed electric fields(nsPEFs),characterized by short duration and high strength,significantly influence cell phenotypes and regulate MSCs differentiation via multiple pathways.Consequently,we used transcriptomics to study changes in messenger RNA(mRNA),long noncoding RNA(lncRNA),microRNA(miRNA),and circular RNA expression during nsPEFs application.AIM To explore gene expression profiles and potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in MSCs pretreated with nsPEFs.METHODS The impact of nsPEFs on the MSCs transcriptome was investigated through whole transcriptome sequencing.MSCs were pretreated with 5-pulse nsPEFs(100 ns at 10 kV/cm,1 Hz),followed by total RNA isolation.Each transcript was normalized by fragments per kilobase per million.Fold change and difference significance were applied to screen the differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to elucidate gene functions,complemented by quantitative polymerase chain reaction verification.RESULTS In total,263 DEGs were discovered,with 92 upregulated and 171 downregulated.DEGs were predominantly enriched in epithelial cell proliferation,osteoblast differentiation,mesenchymal cell differentiation,nuclear division,and wound healing.Regarding cellular components,DEGs are primarily involved in condensed chromosome,chromosomal region,actin cytoskeleton,and kinetochore.From aspect of molecular functions,DEGs are mainly involved in glycosaminoglycan binding,integrin binding,nuclear steroid receptor activity,cytoskeletal motor activity,and steroid binding.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed targeted transcript regulation.CONCLUSION Our systematic investigation of the wide-ranging transcriptional pattern modulated by nsPEFs revealed the differential expression of 263 mRNAs,2 miRNAs,and 65 lncRNAs.Our study demonstrates that nsPEFs may affect stem cells through several signaling pathways,which are involved in vesicular transport,calcium ion transport,cytoskeleton,and cell differentiation.

Application of a Pulsed Electric Field to Modify the Free Energy of the Active Site of an Azoreductase

The Gibbs free energy is strongly related to the stability and catalytic function of an enzyme through the energetic changes that occur in the chemical reactions the enzyme catalyzes. In this in silico study, a pulsed electric field was applied to an azoreductase, and its effect on the Gibbs free energy of molecular docking with two dyes was measured. We propose that certain stimuli from a pulsed electric field favor the structural stability of the enzyme by promoting an arrangement in the active site, potentially leading to an enhancement of enzymatic activity overall.

Phyllanthuse emblica polyphenols:Optimization of high-voltage pulsed electric field assisted extraction,an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro

Background:The polyphenols extraction of Phyllanthus emblica is primarily carried out using organic solvents,and assisted by physical fields such as ultrasound and microwave for extraction.High voltage pulsed electric field technology(PEF)is a non-thermal processing technology that has high efficiency and minimal damage to thermosensitive substances.PEF has been applied to plant extraction in many studies,however,the extraction of polyphenols from Phyllanthus emblica using the PEF has still not been reported;Objective:This study explores the optimal extraction process of polyphenols from Phyllanthus emblica using the PEF,and investigates its relaxation and anti-wrinkle based on anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory experiment,in order to develop a Phyllanthus emblica extract with substantial efficacy;Materials and Methods:The method of Phyllanthus emblica extract using PEF is established,and compared with a traditional extraction method.The experimental conditions,such as electric field intensity(0.5–6.0 kV/cm),pulse times(20−120),extraction time(0–60 min)and material concentration(0.5%∼3%),are investigated and optimized using orthogonal experiments;Results:the polyphenols in the Phyllanthus emblica extract were highest at the electric field intensity of 5 kV/cm,120 pulses,extraction time of 30 min,and 2%material concentration.The PEFcontained more polyphenols than the conventional water extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction.The Phyllanthus emblica extract had substantial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,with a good clearance effect on DPPH(IC50 of 1.82%)and ABTS(IC50 of 1.80%)radicals.At the Phyllanthus emblica extract concentration of 1.25%,inflammatory factors(TNF-α)were reduced by 47.08%;and Conclusion:The PEF is a leading-edge and promising method for preparing Phyllanthus emblica extracts.

Prevalence and Study of the Clonality of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains in Neonatology at the University Hospitals of Abidjan by the Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and the Quantitative Antibiogram

Background: ESBL-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the main causes of nosocomial and hospital-acquired infections, are commonly associated with therapeutic impasses. Surveillance of these multidrug-resistant pathogens is a crucial tool for controlling and preventing infections. This surveillance involves the use of appropriate molecular and phenotypic typing techniques. The choice of techniques is based on criteria such as discriminatory power, intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility, epidemiological concordance, ease of use and cost. The aim of our study was to identify clusters of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-K. pneumoniae) strains circulating in neonatology using quantitative antibiogram (QA) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 55 K. pneumoniae strains isolated from a total of 513 samples. These various samples are taken from newborns, healthcare personnel, and the environment. K. pneumoniae identification followed standard bacteriological procedures and was confirmed using the Vitek® 2 (bioMérieux). The detection of the ESBL phenotype was performed using the synergy test. QA and PFGE were used to identify clonal relationships between the various strains isolated. Concordance between these two methods was assessed by calculating Cohen’s KAPPA coefficient and Simpson’s diversity index. Results: Among the 55 K. pneumoniae strains included in this study, 58.2% (32/55) were found to be Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producers. Most of these strains were isolated from neonatal samples (blood samples and rectal swabs). The quantitative antibiogram method applied to 28 out of the 32 ESBL-producing strains revealed that the isolates were grouped into 5 clusters. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis performed on a total of 16 ESBL-producing strains showed the existence of four profiles. A perfect concordance was observed between the two methods. Conclusion: The results of this study highlighted the existence of clonal strains of various origins within neonatology units.

Quantum control of ultrafast magnetic field in H_(3)^(2+)molecules by tricircular polarized laser pulses

We present a scheme to control the generated ultrafast magnetic field in H_(3)^(2+)molecules using multi-frequency tricircular pulses composed of co-and counter-rotating bicircular pulses.Simulations show that the field amplitude and the wavelength are two significant factors for magnetic field generation by tricircular pulses.Specifically,the strength of the magnetic field is linearly related to the field amplitude atλ_(0)=50 nm,while atλ_(0)=70 nm,the strength first increases and then decreases with the amplitude,this can be attributed to the resonance between the ground and excited states.Moreover,the phase and helicity of bicircular pulses are shown to have important effects on the magnetic field.The dependence of the magnetic field on the phase arises from the interference effect between multiple ionization pathways.These findings illustrate a guiding principle for controlling the magnetic field in molecular systems for future research in ultrafast magneto-optics.

Effect of wide-spectrum pulsed magnetic field on grain refinement of pure aluminium

A wide-spectrum pulsed magnetic field(WSPMF)was obtained by adjusting the number of current pulses and the pulse interval between adjacent pulses.The effect of WSPMF on the grain refinement of pure aluminium was studied.The distribution of electromagnetic force and flow field in the melt under the WSPMF was simulated to reveal the grain refining mechanism.Results show that the grain refinement is attributed to the combined effect of the melt flow and oscillation under a WSPMF.When the pulse interval is 5 ms,the extreme value of electromagnetic force is the highest,and the size of the crystal nucleus is 0.35 mm.In the case of similar flow rates,the grain size gradually decreases as the pulse interval increases.The range of the harmonic frequency of the magnetic field gradually expands with the increase of the pulse interval,which can provide more energy for nucleation at the solid-liquid interface and promote nucleation.

Demulsification Behavior, Characteristics, and Performance of Surfactant Stabilized Oil-in-Water Emulsion under Bidirectional Pulsed Electric Field

As a novel electric demulsification method,bidirectional pulsed electric field(BPEF)was employed to demulsify the surfactant stabilized oil-in-water(SSO/W)emulsion for oil/water separation in this work.The demulsification behavior,characteristics,and stages under BPEF were explored.It was discovered that BPEF drove SSO/W emulsion to move and form vortexes,during which the oil droplets aggregated and accumulated to generate an oil droplet layer(ODL).ODL subsequently transformed into a continuous oil layer(COL)leading to the demulsification and separation of SSO/W emulsion.The conversion rate of ODL to COL was defined and used to evaluate the demulsification process and reflect the coalescence ability and transformation efficiency of dispersed oil droplets into COL.Furthermore,the effects of BPEF voltage,frequency,duty cycle,ratio of pulse output time,and surfactant type and content on the demulsification performance were examined.The optimal values of BPEF parameters for demulsification operation were 400 V,25 Hz,50%,and 4:1.O/W emulsion containing anionic surfactant was apt to be demulsified by BPEF,nonionic surfactant took the second place and cationic surfactant was the most difficult.A high surfactant content was not conducive to the BPEF demulsification.This work is anticipated to provide useful guidance for oil/water separation and oil recovery from actual emulsified oily wastewater by BPEF.

Generation of quasi-chirp-free isolated attosecond pulses from atoms under the action of orthogonal two-color combined pulse of fundamental frequency and higher intensity second harmonic fields

The intrinsic chirp of high-order harmonic generation is an important factor limiting the production of ultrashort attosecond pulses.Based on numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation,the generation process of highorder harmonic from the He atom under the action of orthogonal two-color combined pulse of fundamental frequency and higher intensity second harmonic fields is studied.In this paper,we propose to achieve quasi-chirp-free isolated attosecond pulses by superimposing a higher second-harmonic field on the orthogonal direction of the fundamental frequency field.It is found that the high-energy part of its harmonic emission exhibits small chirp characteristics,which can be used to synthesize isolated attosecond pulses.Through the analysis of the wave packets evolution and the classical motion trajectories of the electron,it is demonstrated that the quasi-chirp-free harmonic can be attributed to the simultaneous return of electrons ionized at different times to the parent particle.The influence of the relative phase of the two pulses on the harmonics is further analyzed,and it is observed that this phenomenon is sensitive to the relative phase,but it can still generate isolated attosecond pulses within a certain phase.

基于不同维度低场核磁共振技术的大豆含油率检测与判别

大豆含油率的高低直接影响榨油与育种结果。为探究大豆含油率的最佳检测方法与构建含油率高低判别模型,该研究基于不同维度低场核磁共振(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术,以国标法为对照,利用LF-NMR波谱和LF-NMR含油含水率软件检测大豆含油率;核磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)结合深度学习,建立大豆含油率高低判别模型。引入低场二维核磁共振(low field two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-2D-NMR)技术,定性分析一维波谱中信号重叠无法区分组分的问题。试验结果表明,LF-NMR含油含水率软件能快速准确检测大豆含油率,T1-T2二维核磁图谱成功解决了自由水和油信号重叠问题。利用U-net++深度学习模型对MRI成像的矢状面、冠状面、横截面以及三面混合数据集进行训练,其中横截面评价指标与其他数据集相比更优,语义分割部分中平均交并比(mean intersection over union,mIoU)约0.9058,全局准确率0.9980,训练后的模型能够将MRI图像识别并分割,快速判别大豆含油率高低。试验证明,LF-NMR及MRI能够快速无损掌握大豆含油率信息,为大豆的高油育种提供了新思路和技术支持。

飞轮储能用永磁同步电机温度场分析

针对飞轮储能用永磁同步电机散热困难的问题,以某额定功率为300 kW、转速为10000 r/min的永磁同步电机为研究对象,利用磁热耦合的方法,对永磁同步电机的损耗和温度场进行模拟及测试分析,研究永磁同步电机的损耗及电机热分布;利用热仿真模型,研究电机关键部件散热的影响因素。结果表明:高温主要集中于永磁体及绕组区域;减小流道宽度、增大流道数目以及增大流道圆角半径可有效提高定子散热性能;辐射率越高,永磁体散热性能越好;改进电机结构后,永磁体最高温度下降10.5%。研究结果可为永磁同步电机的设计及散热优化提供参考。

Modeling of pulsed electric field processing

Herein,we discuss the modeling of the pulsed electric field(PEF)process,with attention focused on the originally intended application of pasteurization of liquid foods.We review literature on three classes of models.First are the models for electroporation(of molecular scale),derived from physics and physical chemistry considerations,and their extension to probabilistic approaches which treat pore formation as a random process.We discuss the more recent approaches involving molecular dynamics.Then,we consider treatment-chamber and system scale models,which are based on continuum physics approaches,and rely on computational Multiphysics codes for their solution.We then discuss the base assumptions for several modeling studies.Next,we consider models for inactivation kinetics for bacteria exposed to PEF,including the first order,Hulsheger,Peleg and Weibull models.We close with discussions of other models and experimental approaches for model verification and obtaining kinetic parameters from continuous flow PEF systems.

日地L5太阳探测工程概述

南京大学联合中国气象局、上海航天技术研究院等单位共同建议的日地L5太阳探测工程——“羲和二号”,将在国际上首次发射一颗人造探测器至日地系统第5个拉格朗日点,通过精测矢量磁场、揭示三维爆发和精准预警预报,解答“活动区磁场的产生演化及其与太阳爆发的物理联系”和“太阳爆发的传播规律及其与灾害性空间天气的关系”这2个太阳物理和空间天气领域亟待解决的重大科学和应用问题。本文重点阐述“羲和二号”的科学与应用目标,简要介绍其科学载荷和初步方案。联合日地连线方向上的太阳探测,“羲和二号”的实施将开启我国太阳立体探测时代,拓展人类对太阳爆发机制的理解,为空间天气预警预报带来革命性突破。

微分求积法分析碳纳米管磁流体输送系统的稳定性

基于磁流体动力学方程及非局部欧拉-伯努利(Euler-Bernoulli)梁模型,建立了轴向磁场作用下单壁碳纳米管磁流体输送系统的振动微分方程.应用微分求积法(DQM),在固支边界条件下,求解此高阶偏微分方程,着重研究管内磁流体效应、轴向磁场、小尺度参数(磁流体克努森数Kn与碳纳米管小尺度系数)对该系统振动与失稳特性的影响.数值计算结果表明,轴向磁场提升系统刚度及系统稳定性,而小尺度参数降低系统稳定性.更重要的是,固支边界系统中磁流体在磁场作用下,降低输送系统的刚度,但能提升输送系统的稳定性.

基于磁心与线圈参数优化的非侵入式磁场取能系统功率密度提升方法

非侵入式磁场取能系统具有结构简单、供电稳定等优点,是解决变电站母排环境中状态监测传感器电池供电寿命有限的有效手段,但因功率密度较低制约了其应用。对于非侵入式磁场取能系统,磁心与线圈参数对其功率密度的影响非常显著。然而,现有方法对磁心与线圈参数的分析相对独立,优化磁心时仅以互感为指标,忽略了该过程线圈参数变化对功率密度的影响。对此,该文考虑磁心尺寸对线圈参数的影响,以功率密度为指标,详细分析线圈匝数、线圈线径、磁柱侧面边长与叠片厚度对系统功率密度的影响。并在此基础上,提出一种优化磁心与线圈参数的功率密度提升方法,即设计线圈匝数、线圈线径、磁柱侧面边长与叠片厚度的最优值,以获取更高的功率密度。最后,基于所提出的方法制作了系统样机并进行测试。实验结果表明,对于限定磁心尺寸为30 mm×30 mm×40 mm的系统,在100 A母排电流下,系统经磁心与线圈优化后功率密度可达4.18 mW/cm~3,提升至系统优化前功率密度的35倍,验证了所提出方法提升功率密度的有效性。

脉冲磁场对GCr15轴承钢网状碳化物的影响

在GCr15轴承钢的球化退火过程中施加脉冲磁场,研究脉冲磁场对其组织形貌和力学性能的影响,探讨脉冲磁场作用下网状碳化物溶解的热力学和动力学机理。结果表明:随着施加脉冲磁场时间的延长,GCr15轴承钢中沿晶界分布的碳化物由封闭网转变为半网,当施加脉冲磁场时间为20 min,晶界处的网状碳化物消失。这主要是由于施加脉冲磁场后,在热力学方面网状碳化物溶解的势垒降低,动力学方面原子扩散系数增大,这都促进了网状碳化物的溶解。随着施加脉冲磁场时间的延长,GCr15轴承钢的抗拉强度(R_(m))和屈服强度(R_(p0.2))基本保持不变,伸长率(A)提高了18%(从5 min的33%提高到20 min的39%),断面收缩率(Z)提高了13%(从5 min的61%提高到20 min的69%)。

近远场地震下RC大跨轻柔拱桥减隔震支座方案优化

为探明不同地震动输入对某大跨轻柔拱桥减隔震的影响,通过非线性有限元模型分析近远场地震下桥梁结构的响应规律,得到大桥支座的优化布置方案.首先,基于模态分析,对比该桥与传统钢筋混凝土(RC)拱桥动力特性差异;其次,选取不同脉冲周期的近场地震动、近场无脉冲及远场长周期地震动记录;最后,研究近远场地震下拱桥的响应行为和损伤演化路径,得到优化桥梁的减隔震支座设计方案.研究结果表明:近场脉冲及远场长周期地震下的桥梁结构响应大于无脉冲地震响应;纵竖向地震下高墩柱剪力及弯矩包络曲线呈“S”形,墩身中部易形成塑性铰,高阶振型影响显著;桥梁纵桥向先于横向震损,损伤路径依次为矮柱、高墩柱及拱肋实心-空心截面段;摩擦摆支座减震效果最佳但位移较大,高阻尼支座方案在近场中长脉冲周期及远场长周期地震下仍会发生损伤,板式橡胶支座方案因无法保证支座同步滑移而不能形成准隔震体系;“高阻尼+摩擦摆”混合方案的支座位移小,拱肋及墩柱均处于弹性,是近断层大跨轻柔RC拱桥的优选减隔震方案.

双碳背景下铝电解绿色低碳技术体系构建

沈阳院铝电解绿色深度节能技术是针对国家双碳战略和行业阶梯电价背景而形成的一整套技术体系。其从铝电解工艺本质切入,着手于磁流体稳定性提升、良好热平衡维持和系统性节能降耗三个方向,包含了磁场原位升级技术、网络化自均衡母线技术、节能长寿命阴极及内衬技术、双侧精准集气技术以及相配套的生产操作及管理技术等。该技术体系已经在超过45条电解系列上应用,涉及了从180到600 kA的所有国内电解槽型,直流电耗最低达到了12200 kWh/t-Al以下。该技术的应用有助于缓解电解铝生产企业的节能降碳压力,同时提高电解生产的安全性和稳定性。

脉冲负载直流传输方案研究及验证

针对脉冲负载的直流供电线缆周围电磁场、谐振和谐波干扰、电力系统层面稳定性等问题,分别对电缆的不同排布方式,聚焦电磁场、磁力场、电热耦合分析,进行了一系列研究并提出了解决方案,降低了脉冲负载对电缆自身和周围环境的影响,确保了舰船电力系统的稳定可靠运行。

地磁感应电流多学科交叉研究进展

地磁感应电流(geomagnetically induced currents,GIC)是指地球变化磁场在地球表面导体中产生的感应电流,可对电网、油气管道、高铁等人造基础设施造成严重破坏,包括电力系统失效、通信干扰和电子设备损坏等,影响其稳定运行和功能。研究GIC的意义在于深入理解其产生机理及影响因素,为制定相应的预防和应对策略提供科学依据。论文在深入总结GIC研究进展的基础上,详细阐述了GIC的产生机理及影响因素,包括宇宙空间、地球环境和电力系统对GIC的影响;概述了GIC的研究现状,分别从空间物理、地球物理和电气工程领域对GIC进行了综合评述;进而详细介绍了GIC估算的步骤,包括地磁场数据与建模、地电场和导体中GIC的计算;并重点分析了不同地球物理参数对GIC估算结果的影响以及互相之间的差异;最后,对GIC研究面临的挑战、地球物理在相关问题解决中的潜在贡献以及研究未来进行展望。

铁电陶瓷脉冲耐压失效分布及耐压可靠性

铁电陶瓷在高电场下的击穿问题是困扰铁电陶瓷应用的关键问题之一.本文统计了铁电陶瓷在正向脉冲电场(4.5 kV/mm)失效概率与脉冲次数的分布关系,对通过第10次脉冲耐压样品第11次的失效概率进行了分析,开展了铁电陶瓷经历万次以上的脉冲耐压后压电常数与电滞回线测试研究.结果表明:铁电陶瓷的击穿概率与脉冲加电压次数曲线呈现典型的浴盆曲线分布,经历10次脉冲高压测试合格的样品,其脉冲耐压失效概率相比于未经历脉冲高压陶瓷样品,降低了4个数量级以上,且上述脉冲高压加载接近无损.考虑到裂纹扩展速度,多个缺陷导致的裂纹同时扩展并连通是铁电陶瓷在脉冲高电压下断裂的主要原因.