Grazing Pressure and Plant Functional Types in Puna Highlands,Northwestern Argentina

The Puna grasslands support grazing systems that produce meat and wool in multi-species herds,especially from llama(Lama glama)and sheep.However,it is yet unknown whether grazing pressure can modify grassland structure and Plant Functional Types diversity and cover in Puna grasslands.We analyzed the relationship between grazing pressure and Plant Functional Types by comparing transects located near stockyards(high grazing pressure)and far from them(low pressure)and by evaluating the relationship between the Plant Functional Types cover to a Grazing Pressure Index(GPI).This index incorporates the heterogeneity of traditional pastoral management.At two ecological sites(Ciénego and Tolar),we sampled paired transects(near-far).Plots near and far from corrals were similar in all the variables measured except for plots in Tolar,which tend to have higher total cover,possibly due to fecal fertilization near stockyards.Furthermore,we recorded an increase in total cover and grass cover at higher GPI in Ciénego,while in Tolar we found lower values of total cover and herbaceous dicotyledonous cover at intermediate intensities of GPI.The only negative relationship found was the cover of clonal and non-clonal shrubs,possibly explained by the greater use of these shrubs as firewood near stockyards.In summary,our study does not show important changes in Plant Functional Types as a function of grazing pressure in the studied grasslands probably because grazing pressure is diluted or diminished when livestock rotates in different areas and grazing durations vary.Finally,the long grazing history with which the Puna has evolved could also contribute to the co-structuration between native vegetation and livestock farming.

Chicory(Cichorium intybus L.) and cereals differently affect gut development in broiler chickens and young pigs

Dietary fiber, resistant to host-mediated digestion in the small intestine due to lack of endogenous enzymes, impacts many facets of animal health and is associated with gut development especially in young monogastrics. Furthermore, it can be used as in-feed antibiotic alternative. Chicory （Cichorium intybus L.） forage with high content of pectin （uronic acids as building blocks） is a novel class of dietary fiber that is chemically different from cereal grains （with high content of arabinoxylans）. In the present study, we investigated effects of dietary inclusion of chicory forage on digestibility, gut morphology and microbiota in broilers and young pigs. In the chicken experiment, 160 1-d old broiler chicks were fed 3 nutritionally balanced diets for 30 d including a cereal-based diet and 2 diets with part of the cereals substituted with 60 and 120 g/k9 chicory forage （CF60 and CF120], whereas in the pig experiment, 18 seven-wk old Yorkshire pigs were fed 3 diets for 18 d including a cereal-based diet and 2 diets with 80 and 160 g/kg chicory forage inclusion （CF80 and CF160）. Our results showed that young pigs were capable to utilize chicory forage well with higher total tract apparent digestibility （TTAD） of all fiber fractions, particularly uronic acid, compared with the control （P 〈 0.01）. In contrast, a decreased TTAD of all fiber fractions was observed in chickens fed on diet CF120 （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, diet induced changes in gut morphology were observed in the large intestine of chickens. The alteration of cecal mucosal thickness was further positively correlated with TTAD of non-starch polysaccharides （NSP） and its constituent sugars （P 〈 0.05）. In addition, in pigs, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RFLP） analysis of intestinal microbiota revealed substantial dietary effects （cereal control diet vs. chicory forage inclusion） on the relative abundance of 2 dominant bacterial phylotypes （Prevotella sp. vs. Roseburia sp.） respectively （P 〈 0.05）. In conclusion, our data showed that chicory forage （Cichorium intybus L.）, a novel dietary fiber source in animal nutrition, have potential beneficial properties as fiber ingredient in diets for both pigs and chickens.

Chicory polysaccharides alleviate high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via alteration of lipid metabolism-and inflammation-related gene expression

Administration of chicory polysaccharides(CP) can modify lipid metabolism, improve dyslipidemia, and reduce liver inflammation, all of which may help alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to gain further understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms that mediate the protective effects of CP against NAFLD via transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Hepatic RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrated that long-term intake of CP restored expression of lipid metabolism-related genes Xbp1, Insig2, and Cth in NAFLD rats, thereby inhibiting de novo lipogenesis. Moreover, CP consumption restored expression levels of genes involved in pro-inflammatory responses, such as Irf1. In addition, metabolic data confirmed that CP treatment increased levels of L-palmitoylcarnitine and hexadecanoyl-Co A, implying that CP administration can promote hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation. The present results demonstrate the underlying mechanisms of CP in high-fat dietinduced NAFLD rats and suggest that CP treatment might provide a dietary therapeutic tool for the treatment of NAFLD in humans.

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) inhibits renal reabsorption by regulating expression of urate transporters in fructose-induced hyperuricemia

Objective:Hyperuricemia is an excess of urate in blood.The kidneys play important parts in urate excretion,which involves handling reabsorption and secretion.A series of urate transporters is responsible for this process:urate transporter (URAT)1,glucose transporter (GLUT)9,organic anion transporter (OAT)1 and OAT3.Excessive fructose intake may result in increased serum urate levels.Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) has been used as an edible vegetable and traditional Chinese medicine.Studies have shown that chicory is a promising anti-hyperuricemia agent and we explored the mechanism of its uricosuric effect via a renal pathway.Methods:Hyperuricemia was induced in rats by administration of 10% fructose.The uricosuric effect was evaluated by determining the serum urate level.Renal excretory function was detected by the clearance rate of creatinine,clearance rate of uric acid and histology.The location and expression of URAT1,GLUT9,OAT1 and OAT3 their mRNA expression in kidneys were analyzed.Results:Chicory decreased serum levels of urate and creatinine significantly,and promoted the clearance of creatinine and urate,as well as improving renal pathologic changes due to hyperuricemia.Chicory inhibited expression of URAT1 and GLUT9 markedly in a dosedependent manner,but showed no influence on expression of OAT1 or OAT3.Conclusion:Chicory might be a promising anti-hyperuricemia agent.It can promote renal excretion of urate by inhibiting urate reabsorption,which may be related to downregulation of mRNA and protein expression of URAT1 and GLUT9.

Impact of Inulin Extracted, Purified from (Chicory and Globe Artichoke) Roots and the Combination with Maltodextrin as Prebiotic Dietary Fiber on the Functional Properties of Stirred Bio-Yogurt

Inulin is a prebiotic dietary fiber that plays an integral role in producing functional dairy products with improved health benefits. Therefore, the objectives of this study are as follows: extract and purify inulin from chicory roots and globe artichoke roots;evaluate the physicochemical, functional properties and functional groups of the purified inulin;determine the functional properties of chicory roots inulin-maltodextrin and globe artichoke roots inulin-maltodextrin and compare it with that of the commercial inulin;examine the impact of various inulin on physiochemical, microstructural, textural, sensory characteristics and as prebiotic dietary fiber on probiotic bacteria’s viability of stirred bio-yogurt. The characteristics of the microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy to detect the functional group. The resulting inulin exhibited a high yield and purity along with enhanced functional properties. Stirred bio-yogurt fortified with chicory roots inulin or globe artichoke roots inulin showed enhanced physicochemical, microstructural, microbiological, and overall sensorial acceptability followed by chicory roots inulin-maltodextrin or globe artichoke roots inulin-maltodextrin and the commercial inulin as compared to the control. Stirred bio-yogurt samples can offer various health benefits and wide applications as supplement of prebiotic dietary fiber in dairy industry.

Fecal microbiome of growing pigs fed a cereal based diet including chicory(Cichorium intybus L.) or ribwort(Plantago lanceolata L.) forage

Background： The purpose of this study was to investigate how inclusion of chicory forage or ribwort forage in a cereal-based diet influenced the fecal microbial community（microbiome） in newly weaned（35 days of age） piglets.The piglets were fed a cereal-based diet without（B） and with inclusion（80 and 160 g/kg air-dry forage） of vegetative shoots of chicory（C） and leaves of ribwort（R） forage in a 35-day growth trial. Fecal samples were collected at the start（D0）, 17（D17） and 35（D35） days after weaning and profiles of the microbial consortia were generated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism（T-RFLP）. 454-FLX pyrosequencing of 16 S r RNA gene amplicons was used to analyze the microbial composition in a subset of the samples already analyzed with T-RFLP.Results： The microbial clustering pattern was primarily dependent on age of the pigs, but diet effects could also be observed. Lactobacilli and enterobacteria were more abundant at D0, whereas the genera Streptococcus, Treponema,Clostridium, Clostridiaceae1 and Coprococcus were present in higher abundances at D35. Pigs fed ribwort had an increased abundance of sequences classified as Treponema and a reduction in lactobacilli. However, the abundance of Prevotellaceae increased with age in on both the chicory and the ribwort diet. Moreover, there were significant correlations between the abundance of Bacteroides and the digested amount of galactose, uronic acids and total non-starch polysaccharides, and between the abundance of Bacteroidales and the digested amount of xylose.Conclusion： This study demonstrated that both chicory and ribwort inclusion in the diet of newly weaned pigs influenced the composition of the fecal microbiota and that digestion of specific dietary components was correlated with species composition of the microbiota. Moreover, this study showed that the gut will be exposed to a dramatic shift in the microbial community structure several weeks after weaning.

Effect of Different Levels of Chicory and Satureja Hortensis Root Powders on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers

Inulin and oligofructose that are used in animal nutrition originate from chicory roots. Chicory fructans were shown to be prebiotic （selectively interacting with intestinal bacterial ecosystem） in humans and in animals, including livestock and pets. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of chicory and satureja hortensis root powders, which are commonly used as alternative to antibiotics, on performance and carcass characteristic of broilers. The study included 280 Ross 308 male broiler chicks （1-day old at the beginning of the study）. There were 7 treatment groups, each consisting of 4 replicates （10 chicks in each replicate）. Chicory root powder （CRP） were added in 2%, 4% and 6% doses and satureja hortensis root powder （SHRP） were added in 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% doses to starter and grower diets. The experiment lasted 42 days. Results showed that adding 2% of chicory root powder to the diet rather than control group, had significant effect on body weight gain （BWG）, feed intake （FI） and feed conversion rate （FCR）. All treatments of SHRP rather than control group significantly decreased FCR and feed intake. Treating with 6% CRP in days 1 to 21 in contrast to control group significantly decreased feed intake, but hadn＇t significant effect on FCR. Consequently we concluded that, using 2% CRP and different levels of SHRP had significant effect on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers.

Effects of chicory(Cichorium intybus L.)on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

There is a dramatic increase in the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is slowly turning into apandemic as well as a major challenge across the world. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is described as a range ofliver conditions such as fat accumulation, hepatic steatosis, or end-stage liver disease. Patients with nonalcoholicfatty liver disease are asymptomatic and their mortality is higher than people without nonalcoholic fatty liverdisease. The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has not been clearly determined yet. The “two hits”hypothesis is designed to explain the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dyslipidemia, oxidativestress, insulin resistance, obesity, and chronic inflammation are some of the morbidities involved in the progressionof nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is an herbaceous perennial, known as chicory.Chicory contains various compounds, such as vitamins, sonchuside A, caffeic acid derivatives,fructo-oligosaccharides, chlorogenic acid, magnolialide, polysaccharides, coumarins, phenolic acids, terpenoids,flavonoids, polyphenol, cichoriosides, ixerisosides, eudesmanolides, inulin, bitter sesquiterpene lactones, andalkaloids. Current research has revealed that chicory supplementation might be effective in the treatment ofnonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic,antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant properties of chicory provide plausible mechanisms by which chicory mayaffect the various steps of disease progression and severity. Existing studies have shown that chicorysupplementation has beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but the existence of only one humanstudy and possible side effects of chicory necessitate further studies.

耐辐射甲基杆菌JB18对菊苣幼苗生长及抗性的影响

为探究铅镉抗性菌株JB18对菊苣(Cichorium intybus L)幼苗的影响,在不同铅镉复合浓度胁迫土壤中种植菊苣。将菌株JB18接种到菊苣根部周围,测定菊苣幼苗部分生长指标、光合作用参数、抗氧化酶活性、蔗糖含量、蔗糖代谢酶的活性及基因表达量。结果表明:接种菌株JB18后,提高了菊苣幼苗含水量、抗坏血酸含量、叶绿素含量、胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率、净光合速率、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性,显著减少菊苣内丙二醛及铅镉含量。蔗糖合酶、蔗糖磷酸合酶、蔗糖转化酶活性显著提升,菌株JB18促进了叶片中蔗糖积累。RT-qPCR结果显示,受Pb-Cd胁迫并接种JB18的菊苣幼苗中SS和SPS基因的相对表达量与对照组相比,分别上调2.1倍和5.6倍。因此,菌株JB18能够提高受铅镉复合胁迫下菊苣幼苗植株光合作用速率和抗氧化能力,上调蔗糖代谢相关基因的表达,促进蔗糖的积累,提高菊苣幼苗的铅镉抗性。

菊苣多糖对四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病小鼠的影响

[目的]探究菊苣多糖对糖尿病(DM)模型小鼠肝脏氧化应激的缓解作用。[方法]采用乙醇提取法从菊苣种子中提取多糖,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖,并测试DPPH自由基清除作用。采用四氧嘧啶复制小鼠DM模型,取48只DM小鼠随机分组为四氧嘧啶模型组(ALX)、盐酸二甲双胍阳性组(ALX+M)、菊苣多糖低剂量组(ALX+L)、菊苣多糖高剂量组(ALX+H),每组12只;另取12只健康小鼠作为正常对照组(NC);每日灌胃给药1次,连续给药15 d。末次给药后,采集血清测定谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、血糖、肌酐以及小鼠肝组织氧化应激指标丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化氢酶(CAT),观察小鼠肝、肾、胰腺、睾丸等组织病理变化。[结果]菊苣种子多糖提取率为39%,具有一定的清除DPPH自由基作用;四氧嘧啶能引起小鼠血清ALT、AST、血糖、肌酐指标上升(P<0.01),肝脏、肾脏组织发生肝细胞排列紊乱、肝小叶结构破坏、肾小球萎缩、间质增大等病理变化。菊苣多糖高剂量组(ALX+H)具有明显改善小鼠体重、脏器指数,缓解肝组织GSH、SOD、CAT水平(P<0.05),明显改善肝组织形态结构,睾丸组织病理学变化趋向NC组。[结论]菊苣多糖具有一定的抗氧化应激作用。

菊苣肉质根膨大与其生理及基因表达变化初步研究

初步探究菊苣肉质根膨大发育进程的农艺性状、生理指标和基因表达变化,以期进一步探讨肉质根发育的生理和分子调控机理。以盆栽根用菊苣‘Hera’和叶用菊苣‘将军’为材料,获取8个不同发育时期的肉质根样品,对糖和内源激素进行定量分析,并对转录因子基因进行qPCR表达量分析。结果表明,根用菊苣根径、根干质量、根冠比和根库活性均大于叶用菊苣。‘Hera’肉质根果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量分别在S2、S3和S4时期最高,且葡萄糖、果糖含量在各时期均高于‘将军’。‘Hera’肉质根生长素IAA、细胞分裂素CTK和赤霉素GA含量均呈现膨大前期高、中期低、后期较高的态势,转录因子基因CiMYB73、CiERF13、CiNAC017、CibZIP53均在S2时期(播种后38 d)呈现高表达。根用菊苣与叶用菊苣农艺性状差异显著,糖和激素可能协同作用于肉质根的膨大发育,播种后38 d可能为菊苣肉质根膨大发育的关键时期。研究结果对后续菊苣肉质根的遗传调控研究、基因工程改良等有一定的参考价值。

菌株JB18的鉴定及对菊苣幼苗生理指标的影响

铅镉污染严重危害植物生长与人类健康.筛选了一株铅镉抗性细菌JB18,进行了16SrDNA序列分析鉴定.用不同铅镉复合质量浓度处理土壤并种植菊苣,探究JB18对菊苣幼苗生理指标的影响.测定了菊苣的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、谷胱甘肽、脯氨酸的质量分数变化.结果表明,经鉴定菌株JB18为耐辐射甲基杆菌(Methylobacterium radiotolerans),其最大耐铅镉质量浓度为Pb-Cd(200/40)mg·L^(-1),能够水解淀粉,利用麦芽糖.盆栽实验表明,接种JB18后,可提升菊苣幼苗的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸等物质的质量分数,同时可促进谷胱甘肽的合成,减缓铅镉胁迫对菊苣幼苗的不利影响.

顶空固相微萃取气质联用研究菊苣各部位挥发性成分

对菊苣的根、茎、叶、花、种子挥发性成分进行比较分析,为其后续的应用及开发提供科学参考。采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法(HS-SPME-GC-MS),提取分析菊苣样品的挥发性成分,用峰面积归一化法测定和比对各成分的相对含量,并结合主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(HCA)方法分析其成分的差异。从菊苣各部位中共鉴定出191种化合物,其中醛类、烷烃类化合物总占比较大。共有的挥发性成分有9种,对9个共有化合物相对含量进行HCA分析,得菊苣根、花、种子为一类,而茎和叶为一类。通过PCA分析菊苣叶挥发性成分的综合得分最高,其次分别是茎、根、种子、花。菊苣不同部位挥发性成分的种类和含量均有差异,为菊苣非常规用药部位的药食两用深入开发运用提供科学依据。

不同施肥量和种植密度对紫锥菊质量的影响

[目的]探究紫锥菊(Echinacea purpurea(L.)Moench)在陕西省凤县的应用潜力及栽培技术。[方法]于2022-2023年开展大田试验,采用二裂式裂区试验设计,以施肥量为主区,共设5个处理F0~F4(施肥量依次为酵母源烟茎生物有机肥:0、1200、2100、3000、3900 kg·hm^(-2);酵母源有机无机复混肥:0、360、630、900、1170 kg·hm^(-2));移栽密度为裂区,设置2个水平,D1(63000窝·hm^(-2))和D2(31500窝·hm^(-2)),平均每窝种植3株,分别在2022年10月、2023年7月和2023年10月采样,测定不同处理紫锥菊株高、茎粗、开花枝条数、叶绿素含量、地上部分干重、根干重等生物学性状,以及地上部分和地下部分菊苣酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸、黄酮、多糖含量和紫锥菊药材产量等指标。[结果]在同一施肥条件下,随着种植密度的增加,紫锥菊的各生物学性状指标降低,除多糖含量以外其它有效成分含量及药材产量随种植密度的增加而增加;在同一栽培密度下,随着施肥量的增加,各生物学性状指标、有效成分含量及药材产量呈现先升高后降低的趋势。施肥量、种植密度以及施肥量和种植密度的互作效应对紫锥菊菊苣酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸、黄酮、多糖含量和紫锥菊药材产量有显著影响(P<0.05)。紫锥菊地上部分菊苣酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸、黄酮含量高于地下部分,而地下部分多糖含量高于地上部分,并且以2023年7月采收的紫锥菊质量及产量最佳。其中F1D1、F2D1处理组有较高的产量及有效成分含量。[结论]推荐紫锥菊种植时施1200~2100kg·hm^(-2)酵母源烟茎生物有机肥和360~630kg·hm^(-2)酵母源有机无机复混肥,种植密度为每公顷63000窝(种植株距为30 cm,行距为60 cm),以获得较高品质和产量的紫锥菊药材。

互花米草复合咀嚼片的研究与开发

互花米草中的活性成分具有降尿酸、抗痛风的作用。由于互花米草粉单独使用具有较强烈的咸味,以互花米草粉为原料,添加菊苣根粉、菊粉、甘露醇进行复配,采用粉末直接压片法,先确立基础配方,并进行配方优化,以感官评价、硬度、脆碎度、颗粒产率为综合指标,制备一种对降尿酸有作用且口感佳的咀嚼片。通过试验得到互花米草复合咀嚼片的最优配方为互花米草粉用量3.5 g,菊苣根粉用量5 g,甘露醇用量13 g,菊粉用量11 g。利用该配方得到的互花米草复合咀嚼片的综合评价最好。

菊苣叶提取物绿色合成纳米银的表征及其生物活性研究

菊苣作为一种药食同源的食品,极具开发潜力。该研究利用菊苣叶提取物作为还原剂和稳定剂,采用一步法生物合成纳米银抑菌剂,为菊苣叶的开发利用提供了一条新的途径。通过单因素试验探讨了AgNO 3与菊苣叶提取物体积比、反应pH、反应时间等对纳米银制备的影响。优化后的合成产物经紫外-可见吸收光谱、透射电镜、X射线衍射分析和傅立叶变换红外光谱等进行表征和鉴定,结果表明产物在426 nm附近有一明显的纳米银等离子体子共振特征吸收峰,纳米银颗粒呈球形,平均粒径为11.22 nm,具有良好的分散性,为面心立方晶型。抗氧化实验表明,菊苣叶生物合成纳米银与原菊苣叶提取物相比具有较高的DPPH自由基清除活性,AgNPs的IC_(50)为0.053 mg/mL;对4-硝基苯酚的催化反应速率常数(0.1198 min^(-1))、甲基橙(0.189 min^(-1))、罗丹明B(0.567 min^(-1))、亚甲基蓝(0.0986 min^(-1)),综上所述,利用菊苣叶提取物生物合成的纳米银具有一定抗氧化活性和催化活性,有望在临床、有机废水处理领域得到广泛应用。

HPLC法测定乳苣不同部位菊苣酸含量

采用超声法提取乳苣不同部位总多酚,建立了测定乳苣不同部位菊苣酸含量的HPLC法,色谱条件为:岛津LC-16型高效液相色谱仪,SPD检测器,C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),柱温为40℃,流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^(-1),检测波长为280 nm,进样量为10μL。结果表明,菊苣酸浓度在11.6~58.0μg·mL^(-1)范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(R^(2)=0.9994),平均加标回收率为95.30%(n=6);乳苣根、茎、叶、全草中菊苣酸含量分别为23.70 mg·g^(-1)、37.20 mg·g^(-1)、114.24 mg·g^(-1)、102.50 mg·g^(-1),乳苣不同部位菊苣酸含量大小顺序为:叶>全草>茎>根。该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于乳苣中菊苣酸含量的测定。

响应面法优化菊苣叶黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

试验旨在提高菊苣叶的饲用价值。试验通过响应面法优化菊苣叶中黄酮的提取工艺,评估其抗氧化活性。在单因素试验的基础上,以黄酮得率作为响应变量,对影响菊苣叶中黄酮得率的3个因素进行Box-Behnken设计与优化,分析提取过程中液料比、提取温度和提取时间对菊苣叶黄酮得率的影响。结果表明,优化后的菊苣叶黄酮的提取条件为液料比37.0 mL/g、提取时间59.2 min、提取温度43℃。此条件下菊苣叶黄酮得率为3.09%,与预测值基本一致,表明此优化方法合理可靠。体外抗氧化活性试验显示,菊苣叶黄酮对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS+)自由基的清除能力与浓度呈计量关系。研究表明,菊苣叶黄酮的抗氧化能力较强,具有作为饲料添加剂开发的潜力。

菊苣多糖对蓝圆鲹鱼丸质构与贮藏品质的影响

[目的]优化菊苣多糖蓝圆鲹鱼丸加工工艺,并分析其贮藏特性。[方法]考察菊苣多糖(chicory polysaccharide,CP)添加量、玉米淀粉添加量、盐添加量、水添加量、复合磷酸盐添加量和凝胶温度对蓝圆鲹鱼丸质构及综合评分的影响,基于质构综合评分优化菊苣多糖蓝圆鲹鱼丸加工工艺,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察鱼丸的微观结构,并分析菊苣多糖蓝圆鲹鱼丸在4℃冷藏期间的理化指标变化。[结果]采用主成分分析法提取公共因子,构建质构综合评分模型为Y=0.343X1+0.349X2+0.350X3;当水添加量为12.41%,玉米淀粉添加量为25.09%,CP添加量为7.90%时,蓝圆鲹鱼丸的质构综合评分最大,为1.4895±0.0170。微观结构结果显示,添加7.90%CP的鱼丸较空白对照组能显著改善鱼丸的整体结构,使其微观结构细密均匀,内部凝胶网络相互交联程度增强。4℃下贮藏10 d,添加CP的样品组的滴水损失较空白对照组更小,pH更稳定,挥发性盐基总氮和丙二醛值变化更慢。[结论]试验制备的CP蓝圆鲹鱼丸具有良好的品质特性,添加CP能有效改善蓝圆鲹鱼丸的质构及耐贮藏性。

不同品种菊苣中菊苣多糖含量与饲用价值比较

[目的]比较不同品种菊苣(普那、将军、大叶和G-5)的饲用和药用价值,为药饲兼用型菊苣新品种的选育提供理论基础。[方法]室内采用苯酚-硫酸法测定鲜、干菊苣叶片与根系总糖,采用3,5二硝基水杨酸盐比色法测定还原糖含量,计算菊苣多糖含量;小区随机区组试验测定鲜草产量和地下根系产量,莲坐期测定7个常规营养成分,采用LSD法对鲜草和根系产量进行方差分析。[结果]菊苣多糖含量干草高于鲜草,叶片含量较少,根系含量最高。菊苣新品系G-5的根系产量达364 kg/667 m^(2)、根系菊苣多糖含量达42.53 g/kg,均为各品种最高,同时其鲜草产量显著高于其他3个品种,达7161 kg/667 m^(2)。菊苣G-5粗蛋白和粗脂肪分别为25.48%和3.17%,高于其他3个品种。[结论]菊苣G-5多糖含量高,鲜草和地下根系产量高,营养价值高,表现出较好的药用和饲用价值。