This research introduces a novel approach to improve and optimize the predictive capacity of consumer purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms. This study presented an introduction to the fundamental concepts of the...This research introduces a novel approach to improve and optimize the predictive capacity of consumer purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms. This study presented an introduction to the fundamental concepts of the logistic regression algorithm. In addition, it analyzed user data obtained from an e-commerce platform. The original data were preprocessed, and a consumer purchase prediction model was developed for the e-commerce platform using the logistic regression method. The comparison study used the classic random forest approach, further enhanced by including the K-fold cross-validation method. Evaluation of the accuracy of the model’s classification was conducted using performance indicators that included the accuracy rate, the precision rate, the recall rate, and the F1 score. A visual examination determined the significance of the findings. The findings suggest that employing the logistic regression algorithm to forecast customer purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms can improve the efficacy of the approach and yield more accurate predictions. This study serves as a valuable resource for improving the precision of forecasting customers’ purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms. It has significant practical implications for optimizing the operational efficiency of e-commerce platforms.展开更多
YKK Corporation announces that the number of YKK locations that have switched 100%of their electricity consumption to renewable energy in fiscal year 2022 has increased by 20 locations from FY2021 to FY2022,reaching 3...YKK Corporation announces that the number of YKK locations that have switched 100%of their electricity consumption to renewable energy in fiscal year 2022 has increased by 20 locations from FY2021 to FY2022,reaching 31 locations globally.展开更多
Widely used deep neural networks currently face limitations in achieving optimal performance for purchase intention prediction due to constraints on data volume and hyperparameter selection.To address this issue,based...Widely used deep neural networks currently face limitations in achieving optimal performance for purchase intention prediction due to constraints on data volume and hyperparameter selection.To address this issue,based on the deep forest algorithm and further integrating evolutionary ensemble learning methods,this paper proposes a novel Deep Adaptive Evolutionary Ensemble(DAEE)model.This model introduces model diversity into the cascade layer,allowing it to adaptively adjust its structure to accommodate complex and evolving purchasing behavior patterns.Moreover,this paper optimizes the methods of obtaining feature vectors,enhancement vectors,and prediction results within the deep forest algorithm to enhance the model’s predictive accuracy.Results demonstrate that the improved deep forest model not only possesses higher robustness but also shows an increase of 5.02%in AUC value compared to the baseline model.Furthermore,its training runtime speed is 6 times faster than that of deep models,and compared to other improved models,its accuracy has been enhanced by 0.9%.展开更多
In recent years,with the rapid development and popularization of Internet information technology,many new media platforms have risen rapidly,and major e-commerce companies have begun to explore the mode of livestreami...In recent years,with the rapid development and popularization of Internet information technology,many new media platforms have risen rapidly,and major e-commerce companies have begun to explore the mode of livestreaming.Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic,due to the lockdown,live-streaming has become an important means of economic development in many places.Owing to its remarkable characteristics of timeliness,entertainment,and interactivity,it has become the latest and trendiest sales mode of e-commerce channels,reflecting huge economic potential and commercial value.This article analyzes two models and their characteristics of live-streaming sales from a practical perspective.Based on this,it outlines consumer purchasing decisions and the factors that affect consumer purchasing decisions under the live-streaming sales model.Finally,it discusses targeted suggestions for using the live-streaming sales model to expand the consumer market,hoping to promote the healthy and steady development of the live-streaming sales industry.展开更多
The developments of Internet and e-commerce provide a new market place to businessman to sell their products and allow people to buy products via Internet as well as to create a new shopping media to consumers. The st...The developments of Internet and e-commerce provide a new market place to businessman to sell their products and allow people to buy products via Internet as well as to create a new shopping media to consumers. The study aims to investigate the factors affecting consumers' purchase decision via Internet and how product characteristics affect cyber shopping in Hong Kong. The study has revealed that the security of personal data,delivery time, product brand and price were the major concerns for developing cyber market. For marketing apparel products, brand loyalty becomes very important since consumers' judging confidence on the products can be increased in terms of fitting standards and quality aspects.展开更多
Procurement planning with discrete time varying demand is an important problem in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). It can be described using the non-analytic mathematical programming model proposed in this paper....Procurement planning with discrete time varying demand is an important problem in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). It can be described using the non-analytic mathematical programming model proposed in this paper. To solve the model we propose to use a fuzzy decision embedded genetic algorithm. The algorithm adopts an order strategy selection to simplify the original real optimization problem into binary ones. Then, a fuzzy decision quantification method is used to quantify experience from planning experts. Thus, decision rules can easily be embedded in the computation of genetic operations. This approach is applied to purchase planning problem in a practical machine tool works, where satisfactory results have been achieved.展开更多
In Europe Health Organizations are progressively modifying their management models to rationalize expenditure in order to assure better levels of effectiveness and efficiency: many countries are going to centralize th...In Europe Health Organizations are progressively modifying their management models to rationalize expenditure in order to assure better levels of effectiveness and efficiency: many countries are going to centralize the management of goods and services supply. In this paper a specific model of centralized purchasing is proposed;it is particularly suitable in cases of severe economy suffering at regional level (e.g. Campania, Lazio, Calabria in Italy) or at national level (e.g. Greece, Ireland, Italy), that means in all those cases where the scale economies, obtainable by supply centralization, would be partly or totally compromised by the extra charges induced by the missing of contractual commitments. This work aims either to analyse such specific approach for centralized purchasing or to propose a simulation model based on Petri net, which could be useful for designing and managing similar case studies.展开更多
Objective To study the characteristics, specific functions and policy improvement process of the Group Purchasing Organizations (GPOs) in the U.S. and to provide references for drug group purchasing practices in China...Objective To study the characteristics, specific functions and policy improvement process of the Group Purchasing Organizations (GPOs) in the U.S. and to provide references for drug group purchasing practices in China. Methods Domestic and foreign relevant literatures, websites were reviewed or searched to analyze the functions and policy improvement process of the GPOs in the U.S. so as to provide references for drug group purchasing practices in China. Results and Conclusion As a third party in the U.S. GPOs has formed a relatively integrated business process and projects service system after long-term development. Supported by corresponding policies and industrial regulations, GPOs have made a great contribution to control the growth of medical and healthcare expenses and improve the efficiency of medical institutions, and its development experience can enlighten the practices in China.展开更多
The mathematical expectation value method is a commonly used method in risk decision-making. This paper studies the problem of how to arrange the purchase plan in order to get the maximum expected profit;considering t...The mathematical expectation value method is a commonly used method in risk decision-making. This paper studies the problem of how to arrange the purchase plan in order to get the maximum expected profit;considering the applicable principles of mathematical expectation, the decision method for getting the optimal decision scheme is given. Finally, we do simulation and stability analysis on an example and obtain the reasonable result. This result shows that mathematical expectation value method is effective in solving the problem of risk decision.展开更多
Objective: Out of pocket expenditure is the primary means of financing healthcare in middle and low-income countries. The 2021 government health expenditure in Nigeria at 4.52% falls short of the 15% recommendation of...Objective: Out of pocket expenditure is the primary means of financing healthcare in middle and low-income countries. The 2021 government health expenditure in Nigeria at 4.52% falls short of the 15% recommendation of the 2001 Abuja Declaration. This paper examines healthcare purchasing in Nigeria, in order to explore how resources were allocated and create better insight into healthcare purchasing for universal health coverage. Data Source/Study Setting: The study was conducted in the Federal Capital Territory and three states—Lagos, Enugu and Sokoto. Study Design: A cross sectional method was used to examine health purchasing functions in Nigeria. Key informant interviews and review of grey and published literature on health financing in the selected study areas. Data Collection Methods: Primary data were collected from relevant stakeholders across the selected study areas, using a structured interview guide. A search of grey and published literature gave a total of 57 references. Principal Findings: The NHIS has a clearly articulated benefit package, for its formal sector and pro-poor BHCPF program. NHIS covers only about 5% of the Nigerian population. BHCPF (SOML) program targets the bottom 40% of Nigerians on paper, but there is no specific design for reaching them. The NHIS uses both public and private sector providers. It is not clear which providers are used for the BHCPF (SOML) program. The NHIS uses actuarially calculated capitations for primary care services and market-based fee-for-service rates for reimbursing secondary and tertiary care. BHCPF (SOML) uses a macroscale pay-for-performance mechanism to reward states achieving specific health outcomes. Conclusion: Health purchasing functions have serious implication for UHC. However, health care provision in Nigeria is not pro-poor and government efforts do not promote efficiency. Available option is prioritization of health initiatives that ensure value for money through performance-based financing and partnering with the private sector.展开更多
We used panel data analysis to evaluate the relative purchasing power parity(PPP)hypothesis of the ten ASEAN member countries between 1973 and 2015.We incorporated the cross-sectionally augmented panel unit root test ...We used panel data analysis to evaluate the relative purchasing power parity(PPP)hypothesis of the ten ASEAN member countries between 1973 and 2015.We incorporated the cross-sectionally augmented panel unit root test as proposed by Pesaran(J Appl Econ 22:265-312,2007).For panel cointegration analysis,we employed the four error-correction-based Westerlund(Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69:709-748,2007)panel cointegration tests.The Westerlund(Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69:709-748,2007)tests are general enough to permit a large degree of heterogeneity,both in the long-run cointegrating relationship and in the short-run dynamics,and dependence within as well as across the cross-sectional units.To check the robustness of the results,we further estimated the cointegration test excluding Indonesia and Brunei.The findings support our initial results.Further,all the results overwhelmingly support the relative PPP hypothesis.Consequently,the monetary authority would be able to implement a self-regulating monetary policy.It would also be able to control the exchange rates.展开更多
There is no clear theory which states fixed relationship between inflation and growth.Controversy by quantity and institutional inflation theories also confirm this.According to quantity theorists,there is a long-run ...There is no clear theory which states fixed relationship between inflation and growth.Controversy by quantity and institutional inflation theories also confirm this.According to quantity theorists,there is a long-run trade-off between inflation and economic growth but the supporters of institutional theory of inflation,are less sure about presence of negative relationship about inflation and growth.Thus,the relationship between inflation and economic growth is debatable both in the world and specifically to Ethiopia.Therefore,the objective of this critical review is to determine the relationship between the current status of the Ethiopian economy and the consumer price index by considering the economic development indictors and consumer price index.The nexus of inflation and economic growth is one of the most important macroeconomic policy problems that take the attention of researchers,policy makers and different scholars.Conducting this review will benefit developing countries by discovering what their current status is,as far as a person with a higher level of consumption is regarded as having a higher level of economic wellbeing than someone with a lower level of consumption.This study falls within the ambit of the pragmatism philosophical stance and exploratory in nature.This study applied the inductive method of reasoning and used secondary data.The Study found that there is a negative relationship between the Ethiopian economic growth and the purchasing power of consumer(consumer price index)synonymously measured by the inflation-macroeconomic growth trade-off.The review reveals that Ethiopian economy is highly growing and the consumer price index(purchasing power of consumers)is decreasing.This shows that the purchasing power consumer(consumer price index)in Ethiopia is not solely determined by the macroeconomic development,which in turn requires further investigation.It is recommended therefore that future research works will explore more on the relationship between the Ethiopian economic growth and the purchasing power of consumer or clearly can explore the effect of economic growth on the purchasing power of consumers(consumer price index).展开更多
Internet financial wealth management product(IFWMP)has recently been one of the most popularity.There is limited quantitative research on IFWMP which can helps customers to choose the products based on the significanc...Internet financial wealth management product(IFWMP)has recently been one of the most popularity.There is limited quantitative research on IFWMP which can helps customers to choose the products based on the significance of each factor.In the paper,a multi-criteria decision-making model of IFWMP was developed,namely analytic hierarchy process(AHP)which is used to make decisions to the unstructured problems through quantifying weights of each criterion.This paper investigated ten influential factors relevant to the purchase of IFWMP and analyzed the frequency of collected responds to show the significance of factors.Based on the quantified weights,the result of the research indicated that compatibility,product liquidity,perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness affect the investors purchasing behaviors most that every investors should pay great attention to.展开更多
Internet financial wealth management product(IFWMP)has recently been one of the most gained popularity.There are limited quantitative research on IFWMP which can help customers to choose products based on the signific...Internet financial wealth management product(IFWMP)has recently been one of the most gained popularity.There are limited quantitative research on IFWMP which can help customers to choose products based on the significance of each factor.In this paper,a multi-criteria decision-making model for IFWMP was developed,namely the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)which is commonly used to make decisions for unstructured problems through quantifying weights of each criterion.This paper investigated ten influential factors relevant to the purchase of IFWMP and analyzed the frequency of collected response to show the significance of the factors.Based on the quantified weights,the results of the research indicated that compatibility,product liquidity,perceived ease of use,and perceived usefulness affected investors purchasing behaviors and that every investor should pay great attention to.展开更多
With the development of the Internet and E commerce, enterprises can achieve global device purchasing with a good cost performance. But the credit risk is the key factor in selecting a device provider. Credit risk in...With the development of the Internet and E commerce, enterprises can achieve global device purchasing with a good cost performance. But the credit risk is the key factor in selecting a device provider. Credit risk involves many qualitative and quantitative factors. We construct a multi agent credit rating model system based on CSCW, which organically combines the people's aptitude and the capability of machines. Enterprises can use this credit rating system for forecasting and defeating the credit risk of global device purchasing.展开更多
For purchasing spare parts for machinery products, the general principle, procedure and method are put forward in the paper. Fuzzy theory and method are applied to set up a decisive model for purchasing spare parts. B...For purchasing spare parts for machinery products, the general principle, procedure and method are put forward in the paper. Fuzzy theory and method are applied to set up a decisive model for purchasing spare parts. By working out the kinds and quantities of spare parts, the purchase of parts is provided with scientific decision.展开更多
A probabilistic multi-dimensional selective ensemble learning method and its application in the prediction of users' online purchase behavior are studied in this work.Firstly, the classifier is integrated based on...A probabilistic multi-dimensional selective ensemble learning method and its application in the prediction of users' online purchase behavior are studied in this work.Firstly, the classifier is integrated based on the dimension of predicted probability, and the pruning algorithm based on greedy forward search is obtained by combining the two indicators of accuracy and complementarity.Then the pruning algorithm is integrated into the Stacking ensemble method to establish a user online shopping behavior prediction model based on the probabilistic multi-dimensional selective ensemble method.Finally, the research method is compared with the prediction results of individual learners in ensemble learning and the Stacking ensemble method without pruning.The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the scale of integration, improve the prediction accuracy of the model, and predict the user's online purchase behavior.展开更多
In the process of my country’s energy transition,the clean energy of hydropower,wind power and photovoltaic power generation has ushered in great development,but due to the randomness and volatility of its output,it ...In the process of my country’s energy transition,the clean energy of hydropower,wind power and photovoltaic power generation has ushered in great development,but due to the randomness and volatility of its output,it has caused a certain waste of clean energy power generation resources.Regarding the purchase and sale of electricity by electricity retailers under the condition of limited clean energy consumption,this paper establishes a quantitative model of clean energy restricted electricity fromthe perspective of power system supply and demand balance.Then it analyzes the source-charge dual uncertain factors in the electricity retailer purchasing and selling scenarios in the mid-to long-term electricity market and the day-ahead market.Through the multi-scenario analysis method,the uncertain clean energy consumption and the user’s power demand are combined to form the electricity retailer’s electricity purchase and sales scene,and the typical scene is obtained by using the hierarchical clustering algorithm.This paper establishes a electricity retailer’s risk decisionmodel for purchasing and selling electricity in themid-and long-term market and reduce-abandonment market,and takes the maximum profit expectation of the electricity retailer frompurchasing and selling electricity as the objective function.At the same time,in themediumand longterm electricity market and the day-ahead market,the electricity retailer’s purchase cost,electricity sales income,deviation assessment cost and electricity purchase and sale risk are considered.The molecular results show that electricity retailers can obtain considerable profits in the reduce-abandonment market by optimizing their own electricity purchase and sales strategies,on the premise of balancing profits and risks.展开更多
Based on the cross-sectional data of the survey conducted in China's main wheat producing areas at the end of 2019,this paper uses the translog production function model to estimate agricultural technical efficien...Based on the cross-sectional data of the survey conducted in China's main wheat producing areas at the end of 2019,this paper uses the translog production function model to estimate agricultural technical efficiency,and studies the relationship between nonfarm employment,agricultural machinery service purchase and agricultural production efficiency.The results show that the household non-agricultural employment ratio and non-agricultural income have a significant positive impact on the purchase of agricultural machinery services.In addition to the effect of scale efficiency,non-agricultural employment does not have a significant impact on agricultural technical efficiency,and labor transfer does not have a significant negative impact on agricultural production.展开更多
Over 65 per cent of respondents actively consider ethical factors when purchasing clothes,while nearly a third explicitly consider the human rights of garment workers,as per a survey.The safety of garment worker...Over 65 per cent of respondents actively consider ethical factors when purchasing clothes,while nearly a third explicitly consider the human rights of garment workers,as per a survey.The safety of garment workers are top priorities for 88 per cent of Australian clothing buyers.Younger generations are more likely to make ethical purchasing decisions.展开更多
文摘This research introduces a novel approach to improve and optimize the predictive capacity of consumer purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms. This study presented an introduction to the fundamental concepts of the logistic regression algorithm. In addition, it analyzed user data obtained from an e-commerce platform. The original data were preprocessed, and a consumer purchase prediction model was developed for the e-commerce platform using the logistic regression method. The comparison study used the classic random forest approach, further enhanced by including the K-fold cross-validation method. Evaluation of the accuracy of the model’s classification was conducted using performance indicators that included the accuracy rate, the precision rate, the recall rate, and the F1 score. A visual examination determined the significance of the findings. The findings suggest that employing the logistic regression algorithm to forecast customer purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms can improve the efficacy of the approach and yield more accurate predictions. This study serves as a valuable resource for improving the precision of forecasting customers’ purchase behaviors on e-commerce platforms. It has significant practical implications for optimizing the operational efficiency of e-commerce platforms.
文摘YKK Corporation announces that the number of YKK locations that have switched 100%of their electricity consumption to renewable energy in fiscal year 2022 has increased by 20 locations from FY2021 to FY2022,reaching 31 locations globally.
基金supported by Ningxia Key R&D Program (Key)Project (2023BDE02001)Ningxia Key R&D Program (Talent Introduction Special)Project (2022YCZX0013)+2 种基金North Minzu University 2022 School-Level Research Platform“Digital Agriculture Empowering Ningxia Rural Revitalization Innovation Team”,Project Number:2022PT_S10Yinchuan City School-Enterprise Joint Innovation Project (2022XQZD009)“Innovation Team for Imaging and Intelligent Information Processing”of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission.
文摘Widely used deep neural networks currently face limitations in achieving optimal performance for purchase intention prediction due to constraints on data volume and hyperparameter selection.To address this issue,based on the deep forest algorithm and further integrating evolutionary ensemble learning methods,this paper proposes a novel Deep Adaptive Evolutionary Ensemble(DAEE)model.This model introduces model diversity into the cascade layer,allowing it to adaptively adjust its structure to accommodate complex and evolving purchasing behavior patterns.Moreover,this paper optimizes the methods of obtaining feature vectors,enhancement vectors,and prediction results within the deep forest algorithm to enhance the model’s predictive accuracy.Results demonstrate that the improved deep forest model not only possesses higher robustness but also shows an increase of 5.02%in AUC value compared to the baseline model.Furthermore,its training runtime speed is 6 times faster than that of deep models,and compared to other improved models,its accuracy has been enhanced by 0.9%.
文摘In recent years,with the rapid development and popularization of Internet information technology,many new media platforms have risen rapidly,and major e-commerce companies have begun to explore the mode of livestreaming.Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic,due to the lockdown,live-streaming has become an important means of economic development in many places.Owing to its remarkable characteristics of timeliness,entertainment,and interactivity,it has become the latest and trendiest sales mode of e-commerce channels,reflecting huge economic potential and commercial value.This article analyzes two models and their characteristics of live-streaming sales from a practical perspective.Based on this,it outlines consumer purchasing decisions and the factors that affect consumer purchasing decisions under the live-streaming sales model.Finally,it discusses targeted suggestions for using the live-streaming sales model to expand the consumer market,hoping to promote the healthy and steady development of the live-streaming sales industry.
文摘The developments of Internet and e-commerce provide a new market place to businessman to sell their products and allow people to buy products via Internet as well as to create a new shopping media to consumers. The study aims to investigate the factors affecting consumers' purchase decision via Internet and how product characteristics affect cyber shopping in Hong Kong. The study has revealed that the security of personal data,delivery time, product brand and price were the major concerns for developing cyber market. For marketing apparel products, brand loyalty becomes very important since consumers' judging confidence on the products can be increased in terms of fitting standards and quality aspects.
基金This work was supported by Hong Kong Polytechnic University(No.G.45.37.T363),the National Natural Science Foundation of PRC(No.70431003,60521003).
文摘Procurement planning with discrete time varying demand is an important problem in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). It can be described using the non-analytic mathematical programming model proposed in this paper. To solve the model we propose to use a fuzzy decision embedded genetic algorithm. The algorithm adopts an order strategy selection to simplify the original real optimization problem into binary ones. Then, a fuzzy decision quantification method is used to quantify experience from planning experts. Thus, decision rules can easily be embedded in the computation of genetic operations. This approach is applied to purchase planning problem in a practical machine tool works, where satisfactory results have been achieved.
文摘In Europe Health Organizations are progressively modifying their management models to rationalize expenditure in order to assure better levels of effectiveness and efficiency: many countries are going to centralize the management of goods and services supply. In this paper a specific model of centralized purchasing is proposed;it is particularly suitable in cases of severe economy suffering at regional level (e.g. Campania, Lazio, Calabria in Italy) or at national level (e.g. Greece, Ireland, Italy), that means in all those cases where the scale economies, obtainable by supply centralization, would be partly or totally compromised by the extra charges induced by the missing of contractual commitments. This work aims either to analyse such specific approach for centralized purchasing or to propose a simulation model based on Petri net, which could be useful for designing and managing similar case studies.
文摘Objective To study the characteristics, specific functions and policy improvement process of the Group Purchasing Organizations (GPOs) in the U.S. and to provide references for drug group purchasing practices in China. Methods Domestic and foreign relevant literatures, websites were reviewed or searched to analyze the functions and policy improvement process of the GPOs in the U.S. so as to provide references for drug group purchasing practices in China. Results and Conclusion As a third party in the U.S. GPOs has formed a relatively integrated business process and projects service system after long-term development. Supported by corresponding policies and industrial regulations, GPOs have made a great contribution to control the growth of medical and healthcare expenses and improve the efficiency of medical institutions, and its development experience can enlighten the practices in China.
文摘The mathematical expectation value method is a commonly used method in risk decision-making. This paper studies the problem of how to arrange the purchase plan in order to get the maximum expected profit;considering the applicable principles of mathematical expectation, the decision method for getting the optimal decision scheme is given. Finally, we do simulation and stability analysis on an example and obtain the reasonable result. This result shows that mathematical expectation value method is effective in solving the problem of risk decision.
文摘Objective: Out of pocket expenditure is the primary means of financing healthcare in middle and low-income countries. The 2021 government health expenditure in Nigeria at 4.52% falls short of the 15% recommendation of the 2001 Abuja Declaration. This paper examines healthcare purchasing in Nigeria, in order to explore how resources were allocated and create better insight into healthcare purchasing for universal health coverage. Data Source/Study Setting: The study was conducted in the Federal Capital Territory and three states—Lagos, Enugu and Sokoto. Study Design: A cross sectional method was used to examine health purchasing functions in Nigeria. Key informant interviews and review of grey and published literature on health financing in the selected study areas. Data Collection Methods: Primary data were collected from relevant stakeholders across the selected study areas, using a structured interview guide. A search of grey and published literature gave a total of 57 references. Principal Findings: The NHIS has a clearly articulated benefit package, for its formal sector and pro-poor BHCPF program. NHIS covers only about 5% of the Nigerian population. BHCPF (SOML) program targets the bottom 40% of Nigerians on paper, but there is no specific design for reaching them. The NHIS uses both public and private sector providers. It is not clear which providers are used for the BHCPF (SOML) program. The NHIS uses actuarially calculated capitations for primary care services and market-based fee-for-service rates for reimbursing secondary and tertiary care. BHCPF (SOML) uses a macroscale pay-for-performance mechanism to reward states achieving specific health outcomes. Conclusion: Health purchasing functions have serious implication for UHC. However, health care provision in Nigeria is not pro-poor and government efforts do not promote efficiency. Available option is prioritization of health initiatives that ensure value for money through performance-based financing and partnering with the private sector.
基金We do not receive any financial assistance from any agency.All the cost associated with preparing article bear by authors solely.
文摘We used panel data analysis to evaluate the relative purchasing power parity(PPP)hypothesis of the ten ASEAN member countries between 1973 and 2015.We incorporated the cross-sectionally augmented panel unit root test as proposed by Pesaran(J Appl Econ 22:265-312,2007).For panel cointegration analysis,we employed the four error-correction-based Westerlund(Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69:709-748,2007)panel cointegration tests.The Westerlund(Oxf Bull Econ Stat 69:709-748,2007)tests are general enough to permit a large degree of heterogeneity,both in the long-run cointegrating relationship and in the short-run dynamics,and dependence within as well as across the cross-sectional units.To check the robustness of the results,we further estimated the cointegration test excluding Indonesia and Brunei.The findings support our initial results.Further,all the results overwhelmingly support the relative PPP hypothesis.Consequently,the monetary authority would be able to implement a self-regulating monetary policy.It would also be able to control the exchange rates.
文摘There is no clear theory which states fixed relationship between inflation and growth.Controversy by quantity and institutional inflation theories also confirm this.According to quantity theorists,there is a long-run trade-off between inflation and economic growth but the supporters of institutional theory of inflation,are less sure about presence of negative relationship about inflation and growth.Thus,the relationship between inflation and economic growth is debatable both in the world and specifically to Ethiopia.Therefore,the objective of this critical review is to determine the relationship between the current status of the Ethiopian economy and the consumer price index by considering the economic development indictors and consumer price index.The nexus of inflation and economic growth is one of the most important macroeconomic policy problems that take the attention of researchers,policy makers and different scholars.Conducting this review will benefit developing countries by discovering what their current status is,as far as a person with a higher level of consumption is regarded as having a higher level of economic wellbeing than someone with a lower level of consumption.This study falls within the ambit of the pragmatism philosophical stance and exploratory in nature.This study applied the inductive method of reasoning and used secondary data.The Study found that there is a negative relationship between the Ethiopian economic growth and the purchasing power of consumer(consumer price index)synonymously measured by the inflation-macroeconomic growth trade-off.The review reveals that Ethiopian economy is highly growing and the consumer price index(purchasing power of consumers)is decreasing.This shows that the purchasing power consumer(consumer price index)in Ethiopia is not solely determined by the macroeconomic development,which in turn requires further investigation.It is recommended therefore that future research works will explore more on the relationship between the Ethiopian economic growth and the purchasing power of consumer or clearly can explore the effect of economic growth on the purchasing power of consumers(consumer price index).
文摘Internet financial wealth management product(IFWMP)has recently been one of the most popularity.There is limited quantitative research on IFWMP which can helps customers to choose the products based on the significance of each factor.In the paper,a multi-criteria decision-making model of IFWMP was developed,namely analytic hierarchy process(AHP)which is used to make decisions to the unstructured problems through quantifying weights of each criterion.This paper investigated ten influential factors relevant to the purchase of IFWMP and analyzed the frequency of collected responds to show the significance of factors.Based on the quantified weights,the result of the research indicated that compatibility,product liquidity,perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness affect the investors purchasing behaviors most that every investors should pay great attention to.
文摘Internet financial wealth management product(IFWMP)has recently been one of the most gained popularity.There are limited quantitative research on IFWMP which can help customers to choose products based on the significance of each factor.In this paper,a multi-criteria decision-making model for IFWMP was developed,namely the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)which is commonly used to make decisions for unstructured problems through quantifying weights of each criterion.This paper investigated ten influential factors relevant to the purchase of IFWMP and analyzed the frequency of collected response to show the significance of the factors.Based on the quantified weights,the results of the research indicated that compatibility,product liquidity,perceived ease of use,and perceived usefulness affected investors purchasing behaviors and that every investor should pay great attention to.
文摘With the development of the Internet and E commerce, enterprises can achieve global device purchasing with a good cost performance. But the credit risk is the key factor in selecting a device provider. Credit risk involves many qualitative and quantitative factors. We construct a multi agent credit rating model system based on CSCW, which organically combines the people's aptitude and the capability of machines. Enterprises can use this credit rating system for forecasting and defeating the credit risk of global device purchasing.
文摘For purchasing spare parts for machinery products, the general principle, procedure and method are put forward in the paper. Fuzzy theory and method are applied to set up a decisive model for purchasing spare parts. By working out the kinds and quantities of spare parts, the purchase of parts is provided with scientific decision.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (No.LJKZ0139)。
文摘A probabilistic multi-dimensional selective ensemble learning method and its application in the prediction of users' online purchase behavior are studied in this work.Firstly, the classifier is integrated based on the dimension of predicted probability, and the pruning algorithm based on greedy forward search is obtained by combining the two indicators of accuracy and complementarity.Then the pruning algorithm is integrated into the Stacking ensemble method to establish a user online shopping behavior prediction model based on the probabilistic multi-dimensional selective ensemble method.Finally, the research method is compared with the prediction results of individual learners in ensemble learning and the Stacking ensemble method without pruning.The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the scale of integration, improve the prediction accuracy of the model, and predict the user's online purchase behavior.
文摘In the process of my country’s energy transition,the clean energy of hydropower,wind power and photovoltaic power generation has ushered in great development,but due to the randomness and volatility of its output,it has caused a certain waste of clean energy power generation resources.Regarding the purchase and sale of electricity by electricity retailers under the condition of limited clean energy consumption,this paper establishes a quantitative model of clean energy restricted electricity fromthe perspective of power system supply and demand balance.Then it analyzes the source-charge dual uncertain factors in the electricity retailer purchasing and selling scenarios in the mid-to long-term electricity market and the day-ahead market.Through the multi-scenario analysis method,the uncertain clean energy consumption and the user’s power demand are combined to form the electricity retailer’s electricity purchase and sales scene,and the typical scene is obtained by using the hierarchical clustering algorithm.This paper establishes a electricity retailer’s risk decisionmodel for purchasing and selling electricity in themid-and long-term market and reduce-abandonment market,and takes the maximum profit expectation of the electricity retailer frompurchasing and selling electricity as the objective function.At the same time,in themediumand longterm electricity market and the day-ahead market,the electricity retailer’s purchase cost,electricity sales income,deviation assessment cost and electricity purchase and sale risk are considered.The molecular results show that electricity retailers can obtain considerable profits in the reduce-abandonment market by optimizing their own electricity purchase and sales strategies,on the premise of balancing profits and risks.
文摘Based on the cross-sectional data of the survey conducted in China's main wheat producing areas at the end of 2019,this paper uses the translog production function model to estimate agricultural technical efficiency,and studies the relationship between nonfarm employment,agricultural machinery service purchase and agricultural production efficiency.The results show that the household non-agricultural employment ratio and non-agricultural income have a significant positive impact on the purchase of agricultural machinery services.In addition to the effect of scale efficiency,non-agricultural employment does not have a significant impact on agricultural technical efficiency,and labor transfer does not have a significant negative impact on agricultural production.
文摘Over 65 per cent of respondents actively consider ethical factors when purchasing clothes,while nearly a third explicitly consider the human rights of garment workers,as per a survey.The safety of garment workers are top priorities for 88 per cent of Australian clothing buyers.Younger generations are more likely to make ethical purchasing decisions.