The flavonoids from Pentorum chinense Pursh.mediates ferroptosis to alleviate sorafenib-induced liver injury in BRL-3A cells

Background:Drug-induced liver damage is a severe medical issue that affects people all over the world.Sorafenib has some side effects that cause liver injury.A dietary medicinal plant called Penthorum chinense Pursh.(PCP)has hepatoprotective properties.There are currently few reports on PCP’s protective impact and mechanism against sorafenib-induced liver injury.Methods:To create a liver injury model,sorafenib was administered to BRL-3A cells.Cell viability assays,immunofluorescence tests,Western blotting,real-time quantitative PCR,and high-content imaging systems were utilized to examine PCP’s effect and mechanism.Results:In this study,PCP treatment mitigated the liver damage caused by sorafenib by enhancing cell survival,lowering lipid reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels,and elevating glutathione levels.In addition,PCP can enhance the protein expression of cystine/glutamate transporter xCT and glutathione peroxidase 4,reduce iron content and alleviate mitochondrial toxicity.Further mechanism studies revealed that PCP inhibited ferroptosis by promoting the production of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation and subsequently affecting target genes(HO-1 and NQO1).Conclusion:Together,PCP regulates the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 pathway,which helps to lessen ferroptosis brought on by sorafenib.

Optimization of Extraction Process for Total Flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and Comparison of Their Contents from Different Parts

[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and compare their contents from different parts.[Methods]Single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh with the volume fraction of ethanol,the ratio of material to liquid,heating reflux extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of total flavonoids as the index.A verification test was carried out.The optimized extraction process was adopted to compare the contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh.[Results]The best extraction process was extracting the powder of P.chinense Pursh for 2.0 h with 20 times of 55%ethanol by reflux twice.Under this condition,the contents of total flavonoids were 3.63%,8.90%,11.28%,and 4.36%from stems,leaves,flowers and whole grass of P.chinense Pursh,respectively.[Conclusions]The process is reasonable,feasible and stable,and can effectively extract total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh.The contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh were quite different,and the value was higher in the leaves and flowers,so the proportions of leaves and flowers should be paid attention to in the industrial processing of P.chinense Pursh.

Research on Acute Toxicity of Penthorum chinense Pursh. Total Flavonoids and Therapeutic Effect on AFL Rats

[Objectives]To study the acute toxicity of total flavonoids in Penthorum chinense Pursh. and the therapeutic effect on AFL( Alcoholic Fatty Liver). [Methods] The liquid of total flavonoids in P. chinense Pursh. was intragastrically administered to the test group rats in the maximum concentration and the maximum administration volume,an equal volume of solvent was given to the control group,and it was observed continuously for 14 d; 1. 5% ferrous sulfate feed was used for feeding,the alcohol intragastric administration method was used to copy the AFL rats model,and the therapeutic effect of total flavonoids in P. chinense Pursh. on the fatty liver rats was observed. [Results]No rat died in the medication administration group and the control group,there was no acute toxicity reaction,and the maximum tolerance dose of total flavonoids in P. chinense Pursh. for the rats by intragastric administration was 33. 6 g/kg; rats suffered AFL 6 weeks after the alcohol intragastric administration. For the 800 mg/kg P. chinense Pursh. total flavonoids and 2 000 mg/kg P. chinense Pursh. extract with the same dose as that of the P. chinense Pursh. crude drug,P. chinense Pursh. total flavonoids played a more significant role than P. chinense Pursh. extract in lowering oil red O staining area in AFL rats' liver tissue and reducing the ALT,AST,TC,TG content in AFL rats' serum. [Conclusions]The P. chinense Pursh. total flavonoids had low acute toxicity,and had a greater therapeutic effect on the AFL rats than the P. chinense Pursh.extract.

赶黄草化学成分及药理活性研究进展

赶黄草(Penthorum chinense Pursh)为传统苗族药物,是一种民间用于预防治疗肝病的“药食同源”植物,性温味甘,具有清热解毒、利水消肿、平肝等功效.现代天然药物化学研究表明,赶黄草含有丰富的活性成分,包括黄酮类、木脂素类、有机酸类、香豆素类等化学成分,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎和肝损伤的保护作用等多种药理活性,药食用价值较高.近年来,虽然赶黄草的化学成分及其药理作用研究逐渐深入,然而相关综述较少.本文对国内外研究成果进行了综述,以期为赶黄草的药理作用机制研究及“药食同源”新型保健产品的开发提供参考.

赶黄草活性成分提取及不同部位成分分布对比

目的:确定赶黄草活性成分提取溶剂,比较赶黄草不同部位活性成分含量差异,合理开发赶黄草。方法:测定赶黄草中总多酚、总黄酮、多酚类化合物含量及其抗氧化能力。结果:随着溶剂浓度的增加,总多酚、总黄酮含量呈先升高后降低的趋势。全草中主要的7种酚类化合物(儿茶素、芦丁、乔松素葡萄糖苷、槲皮素、山奈酚、乔松素和赶黄草苷A)含量以及ABTS自由基清除能力与铁离子还原能力均以80%乙醇提取物的最高。赶黄草不同部位总多酚含量、总黄酮含量、ABTS自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力及铁离子还原能力均呈现为花>叶>茎,且花和茎中的含量及活性随提取时间的延长均显著降低,而叶中的总多酚、总黄酮含量相对稳定。此外,抗氧化活性与总多酚、儿茶素、异槲皮苷、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、阿福豆苷、乔松素葡萄糖苷含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论:80%乙醇提取赶黄草中活性成分效果最好,其活性成分含量高且活性稳定。

A comparison of the biological activities of ethyl acetate fractions from the stems and leaves of Penthorum chinense Pursh

Penthorum chinense Pursh(PCP)is a popular traditional medicinal plant in China,widely used for the treatment of a variety of liver diseases.Although it has been long recognized that the main active elements of PCP are contained in ethyl acetate fraction(EAF),little is known so far in terms of the relative effectiveness of EAF derived from the stems versus leaves of this plant.In the current study,we prepared EAF by reflux extraction and sequential extraction from the stems(SEAF)and leaves(LEAF)of PCP and tested their hepatoprotective efficacies.The extract rates and flavonoid contents of LEAF were higher than those of SEAF.EAFs(>50μg·mL^(–1))prevented lipid accumulation in cells and protected against lipotoxicity injury when the concentration exceeded 25μg·mL^(–1).More than 95%free radicals released by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)were eliminated by 25μg·mL^(–1)SEAF and 50μg·mL^(–1)LEAF,respectively.Further,EAFs(25μg·mL^(–1))also showed protective antioxidant effects,with the activity of LEAF being significantly higher than that of SEAF.EAFs(10 mg·mL^(–1))also showed similar unspecific bacteriostatic activity.In comparison with SEAF,LEAF contained more flavonoids and had a higher anti-oxidation capability and for these reasons we suggest it should be better for clinical use.

赶黄草总黄酮对铁超载大鼠铁负荷影响的初步研究

目的:探讨赶黄草总黄酮对铁超载模型大鼠铁负荷的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、赶黄草总黄酮低(25 mg·kg^(-1))、高(100 mg·kg^(-1))剂量组。腹腔注射右旋糖酐铁诱导铁超载大鼠模型,同时给予赶黄草总黄酮干预,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定各组大鼠肝、脾、胰腺、心脏和肾脏的铁含量。结果:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠肝、脾、胰腺、心脏和肾脏铁含量均显著升高(P <0.001),铁超载大鼠模型造模成功;赶黄草总黄酮干预后各组织铁含量均显著低于模型组(P <0.01),赶黄草总黄酮高剂量组肝脏、肾脏、心脏铁含量显著低于低剂量组(P <0.05)。结论:赶黄草总黄酮能够减轻铁超载大鼠组织铁负荷,这可能与其具有较强的铁螯合活性和抗氧化特性有关。

赶黄草功能活性研究进展

赶黄草(Penthorum chinense Pursh,PCP)在2020年被纳入新资源食品,民间食用历史悠久。本文归纳论述赶黄草化学成分及其药理作用,并分析赶黄草市售产品现状,旨在为赶黄草健康食品的开发提供理论依据。通过查阅中国知网、PubMed和Google scholar等数据库,赶黄草主要成分为黄酮(苷)、三萜(苷)类及甾体类、挥发油等,具有抗肝纤维化、保肝等药理活性,并有护肝作用、抗炎、降血糖等潜在药用价值,其中以护肝作用关注度最高。目前有赶黄草茶、赶黄草口崩片等市售产品,但需要注重风味的研究。赶黄草在健康食品开发应用中具有广阔的发展前景。

赶黄草水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的影响

目的 探究赶黄草水煎液在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜(MRSA)形成的影响。方法 采用微量肉汤稀释法测定赶黄草水煎液对金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),根据MIC和MBC绘制杀菌曲线,采用结晶紫染色法和激光共聚焦观察赶黄草水煎液对SA和MRSA生物膜形成的影响,并通过测定胞外多糖和胞外DNA的含量研究赶黄草水煎液破坏SA和MRSA生物膜的作用方式。结果 赶黄草水煎液对SA的MIC和MBC分别为1.36和2.71 mg/mL,对MRSA的MIC和MBC为2.71和5.73 mg/mL;赶黄草水煎液可使SA和MRSA均生长受到抑制,抑制生物膜的形成、减少胞外多糖和胞外DNA的释放。结论 赶黄草水煎液对SA和MRSA具有良好的抑菌作用,可通过抑制胞外多糖和DNA的分泌破坏生物膜的形成。

赶黄草醇提物和赶黄草总黄酮对小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤保护作用的比较研究

目的:比较赶黄草醇提物和赶黄草总黄酮对小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:将昆明小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性组(联苯双酯,150 mg/kg)、赶黄草醇提物3个不同剂量处理组(400、800和1600 mg/kg)及赶黄草总黄酮3个不同剂量处理组(100、200和400 mg/kg);应用酒精灌胃方法建立亚急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠模型,检测各组小鼠肝脏系数、肝组织病理变化和血清生化指标。结果:与模型组比较,赶黄草醇提物和赶黄草总黄酮高、中剂量组小鼠肝脏系数均显著降低(P<0.05),肝组织损伤和脂肪变性明显减轻,小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)活性及总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)含量均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与等生药剂量的赶黄草醇提物组比较,赶黄草总黄酮组小鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、LDH活性及TBIL、TC、TG和LDL-C含量均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:赶黄草醇提物和赶黄草总黄酮对亚急性酒精性肝损伤均具有保护作用,赶黄草总黄酮优于赶黄草醇提物,赶黄草总黄酮是赶黄草抗酒精性肝损伤的主要功效成分。

药食同源赶黄草醇提物对中式香肠脂质氧化和蛋白质稳定性的影响及相关性分析

通过超声辅助提取法得到赶黄草醇提物,其总黄酮和总酚含量分别为(17.43±1.41)mg/g和(14.78±0.95)mg/g。同时利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱技术鉴定出该赶黄草提取物中的43种主要化合物。将0.05%、0.1%、0.3%赶黄草提取物和0.02%丁基羟基茴香醚+二丁基羟基甲苯(1∶1,m/m)分别添加到中式香肠中,研究其对香肠脂质氧化和蛋白质稳定性的影响。通过对中式香肠在不同贮藏时间的酸价、过氧化值、硫代巴比妥酸反应物值、羰基含量、巯基含量和挥发性盐基氮值的测定,发现0.3%赶黄草提取物组的硫代巴比妥酸反应物值在第35天明显低于0.02%丁基羟基茴香醚+二丁基羟基甲苯对照组,添加赶黄草提取物对中式香肠中蛋白质羰基、巯基含量和挥发性盐基氮值的作用也能达到对照组的效果。虽然,赶黄草提取物组中酸价和过氧化值比对照组略高,其所反映的抗脂质氧化能力仍明显优于空白组。因此,赶黄草提取物可作为替代人工合成抗氧化剂的候选之一应用于中式香肠生产,对延长产品品质和货架期有积极的作用。

赶黄草治疗常见肝病的研究进展

中药赶黄草具有清热解毒、利水消肿、利胆退黄、活血化瘀之效,在治疗肝炎、酒精性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪肝、肝纤维化、肝癌等常见肝脏疾病中有一定的疗效。本文概述了赶黄草单味药、复方、中成药在常见肝病中的临床运用及其有效化学成分研究进展,旨在为赶黄草进一步开发利用提供一定的依据。

冲泡条件对赶黄草茶茶汤品质影响

以赶黄草茶为原料,借助高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法和模糊数学法,研究冲泡温度、冲泡时间、茶添加量对茶汤槲皮素浸出量和感官品质的影响,并以模糊数学感官评价结果为响应值优化冲泡条件。结果显示,冲泡时间、冲泡温度增加,槲皮素、游离氨基酸浸出量随之增加。随着茶添加量增加,槲皮素浸出量先增加后减小,茶添加量为4.0 g时单克茶叶槲皮素浸出量最大;游离氨基酸浸出量持续减小,茶添加量为1.0 g时,单克茶叶游离氨基酸浸出量最大。3个因素对感官品质的影响大小为冲泡时间>茶添加量>冲泡温度。最优冲泡条件为冲泡时间5.6 min,冲泡温度80℃,茶添加量2.8 g,感官评分预测值8.677,实际感官评分8.64,与预测值接近。模型R2=0.9900,拟合程度高。

赶黄草叶茶总黄酮、游离氨基酸及槲皮素浸出动力学分析

目的:探究赶黄草叶茶冲泡过程中总黄酮、游离氨基酸及槲皮素浸出量随冲泡时间和冲泡温度的变化规律。方法:通过紫外分光光度法、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定总黄酮、游离氨基酸和槲皮素浸出量,使用二阶动力学模型和阿伦尼乌斯公式进行动力学拟合、动力学参数计算。结果:在60~100℃范围内冲泡60 min,总黄酮浸出量和槲皮素浸出量随冲泡温度和冲泡时间的增加而增加;60~90℃范围内冲泡60 min,游离氨基酸有相同的浸出规律,温度上升至100℃冲泡20 min后,游离氨基酸热损失较多。二阶动力学模型能较好拟合三者的浸出情况,相关系数高,冲泡温度与二阶速率常数k线性关系良好,总黄酮、游离氨基酸、槲皮素浸出活化能分别为16 628.201,23 415.139,14 975.396 J/mol。结论:赶黄草叶茶中的总黄酮、游离氨基酸和槲皮素浸出量随冲泡时间和冲泡温度变化显著,三者浸出在60~90℃范围内符合二阶动力学模型,可使用该模型对其浸出量进行预测。

赶黄草多酚改善胰岛素抵抗的机制研究

为探究四川省道地药材赶黄草改善胰岛素抵抗的作用及其机制,以赶黄草茎乙酸乙酯相(PSE)作为研究材料,建立了3T3-L1脂肪细胞诱导分化模型.诱导脂肪细胞分化后,通过油红O、尼罗红染色和Western Blot等手段探究了脂肪细胞内脂滴积累以及脂肪酸合成关键酶和胰岛素抵抗相关蛋白的表达情况.结果表明诱导分化后的脂肪细胞内的脂滴含量比对照组前脂肪细胞有着显著地增加,赶黄草多酚治疗后可以明显抑制脂质积累.PSE可以激活PI3K-Akt/GSK-3β信号通路,上调p-ACC、CPT1a、PGC-1α和PPARα这些控制脂质分解和脂肪酸氧化的蛋白的表达,并下调CD36、FASn和SREBP1c调节脂质合成的蛋白.综上所述,PSE可以通过激活PI3K-Akt/GSK-3β信号通路改善胰岛素抵抗,同时,促进脂质分解,抑制脂肪合成.

赶黄草总黄酮对对乙酰氨基酚致小鼠急性药物性肝损伤的保护作用

目的探究赶黄草总黄酮对对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)致小鼠急性药物性肝损伤的保护作用。方法随机将昆明小鼠50只分为A组(正常组)、B组(模型组)、C组(阳性对照联苯双酯组,150 mg/kg)、D组(赶黄草总黄酮高剂量组,800 mg/kg)和E组(赶黄草总黄酮低剂量组,400 mg/kg),每组10只,各组每天分别灌胃1次连续14 d。末次给予灌胃1 h后,除了A组,其余4组均使用APAP溶液(300 mg/kg)腹腔注射,16 h后处死并解剖小鼠,计算肝脏系数,测定小鼠血清生化酶和肝组织炎性、氧化因子指标,观察肝脏病理组织改变。结果相较于A组,B组的肝脏系数显著升高且肝细胞结构破坏明显,血清ALT、AST、ALP、LDH指标水平显著增高,肝组织TNF-α、IL-6、MDA显著增高,而SOD明显降低;与B组比较,D组和E组小鼠血清ALT、AST、ALP、LDH和肝组织TNF-α、IL-6、MDA均明显降低,SOD水平明显升高,肝组织损伤程度得到显著的改善。结论赶黄草总黄酮对APAP致小鼠急性药物性肝损伤有较好保护作用。

赶黄草保健袋泡茶的配方及冲泡工艺优化

目的:以赶黄草、红枣和菊花为原料,研制一款具有保健功能、口味协调的袋泡茶。方法:根据感官评价确定袋泡茶配方,再以冲泡液中黄酮含量为指标,以加水量、冲泡温度、冲泡时间为因素进行单因素试验和响应面试验,确定赶黄草保健袋泡茶最佳冲泡工艺。结果:赶黄草、红枣与菊花的最佳配比为7∶2∶1;每袋为4 g时,加水量250 mL,冲泡温度90℃,冲泡时间25 min,冲泡效果最佳,此条件下冲泡液中黄酮含量达到6.970 mg。结论:本研究为赶黄草在食品生产中的开发和利用提供理论依据。

赶黄草泡腾片质量评价及抗小鼠酒精性肝损伤的作用

目的评价赶黄草泡腾片(penthorum chinense pursh effervescent tablet,PCPET)质量及抗酒精性肝损伤的作用。方法从鉴别、检查、含量测定等方面对泡腾片进行质量评价,采用酒精灌胃冲击构造小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型,测定小鼠肝脏指数,血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、低密度蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和甘油三酯(TG)水平,以及病理学检查。结果PCPET平均片重0.48 g、重量差异2%,产气量6.5 mL,硬度33.60 N,脆碎度1.0%,崩解时限3′43″,pH值4.82~5.15,含槲皮素0.76 mg/g。PCPET可降低肝脏指数、ALT、AST、LDL-C和TG含量,升高SOD和GSH活性。从病理切片可看出PCPET可改善受损肝细胞形态,减少炎性浸润。结论PCPET符合2020版《中国药典》对泡腾片的要求,说明PCPET对急性酒精性肝损伤具有很好的保护作用,这一结论为赶黄草的深度研究奠定了基础。

高效液相色谱法测定赶黄草中没食子酸在不同冲泡条件下的溶出量

本文建立测定赶黄草中没食子酸含量的高效液相色谱法,评估赶黄草中没食子酸在不同冲泡条件下的溶出量。用25℃、80℃和90℃超纯水分别冲泡赶黄草的叶、茎和花5~60 min,然后测定溶出的没食子酸含量。没食子酸在0.005~10μg·mL^(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9998),加标回收率为93.2%~98.2%,相对标准偏差为2.27%~7.05%。赶黄草的叶、茎和花中没食子酸冲泡后的溶出量分别为91~2478 ug·g^(-1),118~616ug·g^(-1)和116~787 ug·g^(-1)。所建高效液相色谱法操作简单,准确度高,重复性好,可用于赶黄草中没食子酸含量测定及产品质量监控。赶黄草的叶、茎和花分别经超纯水在80℃冲泡60 min、90℃冲泡20 min和90℃冲泡60 min后溶出的没食子酸含量最高。

天然植物资源扯根菜预防醉酒及解酒的效果观察

观察扯根菜在防醉酒及醒酒方面的作用。方法:通过观察小鼠翻正反射消失情况以及分析血液中乙醇含量,研究扯根菜不同剂量组对小鼠的醉酒时间、耐受时间及对血中乙醇的消除情况。结果高剂量组小鼠无论是在酒前还是酒后给予扯根菜均可明显延迟小鼠发生醉酒的时间,各剂量组对小鼠血液中乙醇浓度有降低的趋势。结论扯根菜具有一定的防醉解酒作用。