Cu/TiO_(2) Photocatalysts for CO_(2) Reduction: Structure and Evolution of the Cocatalyst Active Form

Extensive work on a Cu-modified TiO_(2) photocatalyst for CO_(2) reduction under visible light irradiation was conducted. The structure of the copper cocatalyst was established using UV-vis diff use refl ectance spectroscopy, high-resolution transmis- sion electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that copper exists in different states (Cu 0 , Cu^(+) , and Cu^(2+) ), the content of which depends on the TiO_(2) calcination temperature and copper loading. The optimum composition of the cocatalyst has a photocatalyst based on TiO_(2) calcined at 700℃ and modified with 5 wt% copper, the activity of which is 22 μmol/(h·g cat ) (409 nm). Analysis of the photocatalysts after the photocatalytic reaction disclosed that the copper metal on the surface of the calcined TiO_(2) was gradually converted into Cu_(2) O during the photocatalytic reaction. Meanwhile, the metallic copper on the surface of the noncalcined TiO_(2) did not undergo any trans- formation during the reaction.

Stable yellow light emission from lead-free copper halides single crystals for visible light communication

Yellow light-emitting diodes(LEDs) as soft light have attracted abundant attention in lithography room, museum and art gallery. However, the development of efficient yellow LEDs lags behind green and blue LEDs, and the available perovskites yellow LEDs suffer from the instability. Herein, a pressure-assisted cooling method is proposed to grow lead-free CsCu2I3single crystals, which possess uniform surface morphology and enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY) stability, with only 10% PLQY losses after being stored in air after 5000 h.Then, the single crystals used for yellow LEDs without encapsulation exhibit a decent Correlated Color Temperature(CCT) of 4290 K, a Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage(CIE) coordinate of(0.38, 0.41), and an excellent 570-h operating stability under heating temperature of 100°C. Finally, the yellow LEDs facilitate the application in wireless visible light communication(VLC), which show a-3 dB bandwidth of 21.5 MHz and a high achievable data rate of 219.2 Mbps by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) modulation with adaptive bit loading. The present work not only promotes the development of lead-free single crystals, but also inspires the potential of CsCu2I3in the field of yellow illumination and wireless VLC.

The Electromagnetic Nature of Gravitation and Matter-Antimatter Antigravity. Surmise on Quantum Vacuum Gravitation and Cosmology

We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electromagnetic field ground state at zero frequency, a zero-energy cosmic field permeating all of space and it is composed of real states, called kenons (κενο = vacuum). Photons are local oscillations of kenons guided by a non-local vector potential wave function with quantized amplitude. They propagate at the speed imposed by the vacuum electric permittivity ε0 and magnetic permeability μ0, which are intrinsic properties of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. The electron-positron elementary charge derives naturally from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and is related to the photon vector potential. We establish the masse-charge equivalence relation showing that the masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles are states of the elementary charges and their magnetic moments. The equivalence between Newton’s gravitational law and Coulomb’s electrostatic law results naturally. In addition, we show that the gravitational constant G is expressed explicitly through the electromagnetic quantum vacuum constants putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity. We draw that G is the same for matter and antimatter but gravitational forces should be repulsive between particles and antiparticles because their masses bear naturally opposite signs. The electromagnetic quantum vacuum appears to be the natural link between quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology and constitutes a basic step towards a unified field theory. Dark Energy and Dark Matter might originate from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum fluctuations. The calculated electromagnetic vacuum energy density, related to the cosmological constant considered responsible for the cosmic acceleration, is in good agreement with the astrophysical observations. The cosmic acceleration may be due to both “quantum vacuum fluctuations” and “matter-antimatter gravitational repelling”. All the above results are established without stating any assumptions or postulates. Next, we advance two hypotheses with cosmological impact. The first is based on the possibility that gravitation is due to the electromagnetic quantum vacuum density of states fluctuations giving rise to a photon pressure at the characteristic collective oscillation frequencies of the charge densities composing the bodies (Electromagnetic Push Gravity). The second advances that energy, matter and antimatter in the universe emerge spontaneously from the quantum vacuum fluctuations as residues that remain stable in space and we present the main principles upon which a new cosmological model may be developed overcoming the well-known Big Bang issues.

钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒叠层太阳电池的发展及展望

综述近年来钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒叠层太阳电池的发展现状,介绍钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒叠层太阳电池技术在效率和可靠性方面的优势。从工艺优化、结构协同设计和性能优化等方面对钙钛矿/铜铟镓硒叠层太阳电池进行总结,着重讨论叠层结构的每个子单元太阳电池复杂的协同效应。

单轴拉伸下氧化锆纳米柱相变机理的分子动力学研究

通过分子动力学模拟,观察到[001]取向的四方氧化锆纳米柱在拉伸载荷下具有两个线弹性变形的应力-应变关系.这一现象是四方结构向单斜结构相变的结果 .为了进一步阐明应力-应变曲线,进行了包括晶体结构分析和原子应变计算在内的详细研究.晶格取向强烈影响塑性变形机制,即[001]和[111]取向的纳米柱在拉伸载荷下经历相变,而沿[110]取向的纳米柱导致脆性断裂.观察到显著的温度效应,随着温度从300K升高到1500K,弹性模量从573.45GPa线性降低到482.65GPa.此外,还用轻推弹性带(NEB)理论估算了相变能垒,观察到相变能垒随温度的升高而降低.这一工作将有助于加深对氧化锆的四方相到单斜相转变和纳米尺度力学行为的理解.

Near-infrared light-driven multifunctional metal ion(Cu^(2+))-loaded polydopamine nanomotors for therapeutic angiogenesis in critical limb ischemia

Most of the current nanomedicine-based treatments for critical limb ischemia(CLI)only aim at promoting angiogenesis,ignoring the negative influence on the therapeutic effects caused by the complex pathological micro-environment of ischemic tissue.Herein,near-infrared(NIR)light-driven metal ion(Cu^(2+))-loaded polydopamine(PDA)nanomotors(JMPN@Cu^(2+))is designed and prepared.Due to the good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of PDA,JMPN@Cu^(2+)exhibits excellent biocompatibility and significantly improves the ischemic micro-environment.Additionally,based on superior photothermal conversion effect and jellyfish-like structure,the nanomotors are quickly propelled under NIR laser with low energy intensity to acquire the ability of movement and facilitate intracellular uptake of JMPN@Cu^(2+)by endothelial cells,resulting in the enhanced pro-angiogenic effect of Cu^(2+).Moreover,in vivo experimental findings show that JMPN@Cu^(2+)combined with NIR irradiation can successfully accelerate blood flow recovery and improve muscle repair.Taking these results together,this kind of nanomotor can promote angiogenesis along with ischemic micro-environment amelioration,holding great potential applications for the treatment of limb ischemia.

平遥推光漆器现状考察与创新研究

山西平遥是我国漆艺重镇之一,也是最早发现并使用大漆的地区之一,对我国漆艺的发展具有重要的意义。本文研究的目的是通过对平遥推光漆器的现状以及存在的问题进行分析,并采用文献研究与案例分析的研究方法,提出平遥漆器的创新策略,以进一步推动平遥推光漆器的创新与保护,加强与现代设计的创新融合。研究发现,平遥推光漆器以其独特的艺术魅力和精湛的制作工艺,具有极高的文化价值和市场潜力。研究结论认为,平遥推光漆器作为中国传统工艺的代表之一,应在保护传承的基础上,加强与现代设计的融合创新,以拓宽其应用领域和市场空间。

Machining characteristics of complex prism pattern on electroplated roll by copper

The BLU (back light unit) is the core component of the LCD for notebook, mobile-phone, navigation, as well as large sized TV, PID (public information display), etc. In order to enhance optical efficiency of LCD, optical films with the uniform prism patterns have been used for BLU by stacking two films up orthogonally. In this case, light interference-phenomenon occurred such as Morie, wet-out, u-turning, etc. It caused several problems such as low brightness, spots and stripes in LCD. Recently, the high-luminance micro complex prism patterns are actively studied to avoid the light interference-phenomenon and enhance the optical efficiency. In this study, the roll master to manufacture complex micro prism pattern film was machined by using the high precision lathe. The machined patterns on the roll master were 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10 and 5 μm in the pitch with 25.0, 22.5, 20.0, 17.5, 15.0, 12.5, 10.0, 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5 μm in the peak height, respectively. The roll was 2 000 mm in length and 320 mm in diameter. The electroplated roll by copper and the natural single crystal diamond tool was used for machining the patterns. The cutting force was measured and analyzed for each cutting condition by using the dynamometer. The chips and the surfaces after being machined were analyzed by SEM and microscope.

Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Malachite Green Dyes with CuWO₄-GO Nano Composite

Copper Tungstate-Graphene Oxide nano composites have been successfully applied as excellent catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation with Methylene blue and Malachite green dyes under visible light irradiation. A facile?solid state metathesis synthesis of copper tungstate (CuWO4) followed by ball milling and subsequent preparation of copper tungstate-graphene oxide?(CuWO4-GO) nano composite using a colloidal blending process and its application as a visible light photocatalyst for the degradation of Malachite green and Methylene blue dyes. The morphology and composition of copper tungstate (CuWO4) nano composite have been characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (UV-DRS), Raman Spectra, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM)-EDS and UV Visible Spectroscopy. It shows a band gap value of 2.13 eV, an increase in range and intensity of light absorption and the reduction of electron-hole pair recombination in CuWO4 with the introducing of GO on to it.

Cu-P复合改性对g-C_(3)N_(4)可见光催化性能的影响

以P掺杂的石墨相氮化碳(P-C_(3)N_(4))为基材,将其与不同质量分数的氯化铜混合后继续焙烧,制备出Cu-P复合改性的石墨相氮化碳可见光光催化剂(Cu/P-C_(3)N_(4))。对样品的结构、光电性能进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱(EDS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、光致荧光光谱(PL)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等一系列表征。通过可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝考察了它们的光催化活性。结果表明,Cu-P复合改性提高了催化剂的电子转移速率且降低了光生电子空穴对的复合速率,有效改善了其光催化性能。可见光照射120 min,Cu(1.5%)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合材料对亚甲基蓝的降解率达到71.3%,其降解速率常数分别是纯g-C_(3)N_(4)和P-C_(3)N_(4)的2.17倍和2倍。另外,通过活性物种捕获实验初步研究了各个体系的光催化反应机理。

镀银玻璃镜用钝化剂研究进展

为了提高镀银玻璃镜镜背涂料和镀银层之间的附着力,在镀银层上必须用钝化剂钝化镀银层,但现有钝化剂的使用造成镀银玻璃镜生产过程中的废水排放量增大。因此,开发环境友好的钝化剂很有现实意义。本文对镀银玻璃镜钝化剂的发展过程中的文献进行了梳理,虽然无铜镀银钝化剂解决了镀银玻璃镜镀铜层钝化剂生产过程中铜离子对环境的污染问题,但还是会产生有害的废水,而且生产工艺比采用镀铜层钝化剂更复杂和耗时耗能。因此,镀银玻璃镜镀银层的钝化剂应向高交联反应的有机高分子钝化剂和真空磁控溅射镀金属钝化剂方向发展才能真正解决镀银玻璃镜的环境污染问题。

活性镁铝尖晶石的合成及其抗铜熔炼渣侵蚀机理

为寻找无铬化耐火材料在铜冶金领域的替代材料,制备高致密度镁铝尖晶石材料,探究镁铝尖晶石材料抗铜熔炼渣侵蚀机理。采用轻烧氧化镁与工业氧化铝为主要原料,经不同轻烧温度合成活性镁铝尖晶石,并对其烧结性能进行表征,利用静态坩埚法,研究镁铝尖晶石材料抗铜熔炼渣侵蚀能力。研究结果表明:合成的活性镁铝尖晶石原料的晶粒粒径小,烧结活性高的标准活性镁铝尖晶石原料的最适宜轻烧温度为1 400℃。所合成活性尖晶石原料在1 750℃保温3 h后可烧结合成致密尖晶石材料,致密尖晶石材料中尖晶石晶粒发育良好,呈致密镶嵌结构,晶粒分布均匀,平均粒径在7.26μm左右,材料密度达3.29 g/cm^(3),显气孔率为3.53%。镁铝尖晶石与铜熔炼渣反应可形成液相与Mg(Fe^(2+))Al(Fe^(3+))_(2)O_(4)尖晶石相;且材料致密化程度对抗渣渗透起关键作用,对比传统工业上应用的电熔尖晶石原料,所合成出的活性尖晶石表现出较高烧结活性,可提高材料致密化程度,从而提高材料抗渣渗透能力。

轻钢龙骨防火外墙与钢框架连接的抗侧性能研究

针对轻钢龙骨防火外墙在L型角铁连接、异型角铁连接两种连接方式下的平面内抗侧性能进行了推覆试验研究。采用有限元软件ABAQUS对试件进行模拟分析,并将计算结果与试验结果对比,两者吻合良好,验证了有限元模型的有效性。考虑连接件个数、墙体内竖向龙骨间距及布置方式等因素影响,对不同连接方式下轻钢龙骨防火外墙与钢框架连接的抗侧性能进行有限元模拟分析。结果表明:对于轻钢龙骨防火外墙,采用L型角铁连接方式比采用异型角铁连接方式具有更高的水平抗侧承载力和变形能力;但采用异型角铁连接方式比采用L型角铁连接方式具有更高的抗侧刚度。此外,增加连接件或自攻螺钉个数对墙体连接的水平极限承载力及平面内刚度的提升最为显著。

高功率蓝光半导体激光器巴条的封装技术研究

为实现高功率的蓝光半导体激光输出,对蓝光巴条的封装技术进行了研究。利用金锡硬焊料封装了高功率氮化镓(GaN)蓝光半导体激光巴条,应用铜钨过渡热沉作为缓冲层抑制了铜热沉和GaN激光芯片之间封装残余应力,采用高精度贴片机将芯片共晶键合在铜钨过渡热沉上。贴片质量的好坏直接影响了器件的输出特性,所以重点分析了贴片机的焊接温度焊接压力、焊接时间对器件的影响。实验结果表明:当贴片机的焊接温度为320℃、焊接压力为0.5 N、焊接时间为40 s时,焊料层界面空洞最少,热阻最低为0.565℃/W,阈值电流最低为4.9 A,在注入电流30 A时,输出光功率最高为32.21 W,最高光电转换效率达到了23.3%。因此,在优化焊接温度、焊接压力、焊接时间后,利用金锡硬焊料将蓝光半导体激光芯片共晶键合在铜钨过渡热沉的技术方案是实现蓝光半导体激光巴条高功率工作的有效途径。

GT30光板的缺陷检测方法

目前PCB被广泛地应用于各种电子零部件中。PCB在生产过程中可能会因为各种因素而导致出现缺陷,最终影响产品的质量。因此,及时、有效地检测出PCB的质量缺陷就成了一个急需解决的问题。为此,以GT30光板为检测对象,参考IPC-TM-6502.1.1F:2015和GB/T 16594-2018标准要求,对样品进行了固封、研磨、抛光和蚀刻等处理,使用金相显微镜进行切片检查、不同位置的铜厚(PCB侧焊盘)测量和IMC检测。通过对检测结果的数据和图像进行分析,可以得出该方法能够精准有效地检测出GT30光板中的缺陷,且对厚度的检测精度能达到0.01μm,具有一定的参考价值。

通过后处理诱导的相调控增强铯铜卤化物纳米晶发光二极管性能

铯铜卤化物由于其高光致发光量子效率(PLQE)和无毒性而引起了越来越多的关注,适用于发光二极管(LED)应用。然而,目前的铜卤化物薄膜制备方法无法同时满足高性能、环保和良好环境适应性的要求。在这里,我们展示了一种简便的方法,其结合了传统的纳米晶方法和前驱体溶液方法的优点。通过使用适当的醇处理Cs_(3)Cu_(2)I_(5)纳米晶薄膜,形成了具有增强的PLQE和改善的能级匹配性的Cs_(3)Cu_(2)I_(5)/CsCu_(2)I_(3)混合维度铜卤化物,将铜卤化物LED的EQE提高到0.8%,处于无铅金属卤化物纳米晶LED的最高效率之一。这项工作为以环境友好方式制备高性能无铅LED提供了新的策略。

辐射/光引发二氧化碳自由基配位实现低碳高效金属铜抗氧化技术

金属铜具有优异的导电性、导热性和延展性,被广泛应用于日常生活和传统工业生产领域,并在新一轮能源革命中发挥重要作用。然而,纯铜材料极易被氧化,应用过程中的各种腐蚀导致了不可避免的性能降低和严重的经济损失。本文报道了一种通过多种辐射/光引发(紫外、可见光、电子束和高能γ射线)二氧化碳阴离子自由基(CO_(2)^(·-))与金属铜表面进行配位,构筑钝化层来制备抗氧化铜材料的低碳高效新思路。该新型防腐技术可以在保持铜导电导热性的同时,赋予其在多种环境下的抗氧化性能。区别于传统防腐技术,该技术无需高温高压,并大大降低电能消耗和环境污染。此外,该技术可以利用自然光处理各种尺寸和形状的铜材料,并可利用工业电子束实现快速、大规模的抗氧化铜制备。

超细铜尾矿基高强轻质陶粒的制备及性能研究

文中以超细粒级铜尾矿为主要原材料,抛光渣、粉煤灰与矿粉为辅料,采用烧结法制备轻质高强陶粒,研究在固定烧结工艺条件下不同生料配比对陶粒性能的影响规律,并通过XRD、TG与SEM等测试方法表征陶粒的矿物组成与烧制机理。结果表明,在预热温度950℃、预热时间40 min、烧结温度1200℃、烧结时间40 min、预热与烧结升温速率都保持为7.5℃/min的条件下,通过调整陶粒生料配比可制备出的颗粒强度为0.95~18.36 MPa,表观密度为441~1755 kg/m^(3),1 h吸水率为0.21%~3.57%的陶粒。

铜离子导入联合窄谱中波紫外光综合治疗103例白癜风疗效观察

目的优化白癜风治疗,提高白癜风治愈率。方法将206例白癜风患者随机分为两组进行开放性试验研究,治疗组和对照组各103例。治疗组(即铜离子导入组)和对照组(常规治疗组)均行外涂10%补骨脂酊每日1次、腺苷钴胺片每次500μg每日3次口服、卡介菌多糖核酸隔日1次2mL肌内注射、窄谱中波紫外光照射,治疗组(即铜离子导入组)同时进行铜离子导入,连续治疗3个月观察疗效。结果治疗组(即铜离子导入组)治愈率高于对照组(P<0.05),且色素岛出现早。结论无论在产生色素速度方面还是在治愈率、有效率方面,铜离子导入组疗效明显优于常规治疗组。

负载型Cu-BiVO_4复合光催化剂的制备及可见光降解气相甲苯

以P123为软模板,在200 oC采用水热法合成了BiVO4粉体,再用浸渍法制备Cu改性BiVO4催化剂,然后通过硅溶胶将其分散负载于金属不锈钢丝网上.考察了催化剂负载量和Cu复合量对该样品在可见光下催化氧化去除气相甲苯效能的影响.结果表明,催化剂涂覆两层(负载量约为2～2.2 mg/cm2,以SiO2,BiVO4和Cu计),Cu复合量为5.0%时活性最高,反应5 h后,对初始浓度为80 mg/m3左右的甲苯最高去除率由纯BiVO4的34%提高到90%.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱和紫外-可见光谱等表征手段对催化剂的结构性质进行了表征.结果表明,Cu的复合使可见光吸收带发生红移,吸收强度也有较大幅度的提高.