Thirteen volatile compounds were identified from Flemingia macrophylla plants. Eight major components significantly attracted the tea green leafhoppers, Empoasca flavescens F. Based on their relative abundances, follo...Thirteen volatile compounds were identified from Flemingia macrophylla plants. Eight major components significantly attracted the tea green leafhoppers, Empoasca flavescens F. Based on their relative abundances, following synthetic blends were made for field experiments: 1) eight-component-attractant blend included Z-3-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-ocimene, Me SA, Z-3-hexenyl butyrate, dodecane, hexadecane and nonanal at 10, 10, 1, 11, 2, 6, 2 and 4 mg mL^-1 in n-hexane, respectively;2) four-component-attractant blend #1 contained hexadecane, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and nonanal at 2, 10, 10 and 4 mg mL^-1 in n-hexane, respectively;3) four-component-attractant blend #2 contained hexadecane, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and Me SA at 2, 10, 10 and 11 mg mL^-1 in n-hexane, respectively. Thymol and 1-methoxy-4-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-benzene, identified from Lavandula angustifolia aeration samples, significantly repelled the leafhopper as strong repellents when tested alone or in combination at 10 mg mL^-1. For field bioassays, each attractant lure was attached to a bud green sticky board hung from a bamboo stick at above tea plant level for catching the leafhoppers, whereas the repellent dispenser was tied to a tea branch inside tea clump for pushing the leafhoppers away from tea clumps. The results showed that the eight-component-attractant blend caught similar numbers of the leafhopper as did the four-component-attractant blend #1 at about 53–79 leafhoppers/trap/day, which were significantly higher than those on the hexane-control bud green sticky boards. Average leafhopper catches from un-baited sticky boards were about 51–73 leafhoppers/trap/day when pushed by the repellents placed inside tea plants, with the two-component-repellent blend being more effective than their single components. When the two-component-repellent blend was further tested with the three attractant blends in a push-pull fashion, average trap catches ranged from 62 to 92 leafhoppers/trap/day. Control efficacy on the leafhoppers within the push-pull zones increased progressively from day 1(43%) to day 5(73%). This push-pull approach might have a great potential as a green control strategy for combating the tea green leafhoppers.展开更多
In China, farmers employed in non-farm work have become important socio-economic actors, but few studies have examined the farmers' perspective in making their work location choices. Based on "push-pull"...In China, farmers employed in non-farm work have become important socio-economic actors, but few studies have examined the farmers' perspective in making their work location choices. Based on "push-pull" migration theory, this paper utilizes sectional data from a 2013 survey of farmers in China's Three Gorges Reservoir area to empirically analyze the factors influencing migrant workers' choice of employment location. The results indicate that 60.46% of laborers have migrated from their home province, whereas 39.54% have remained in their home province. Focusing on personal, household, and community characteristics—in addition to the economic characteristics of the sample counties—multinomial logistic regression models reveal that farmer-laborers' employment location decisions are influenced by their personal capital endowment(age, years of education and social networks), family structure(the number of laborers, elders, children and students), home village characteristics(location, economic development level and the degree of relief of the land) and home county economic development level. Notably, male and female laborers' location decisions reveal a converging trend, and their differences are not pronounced. Per capita arable land area has little influence on location decisions, whereas the educational level of laborers has a significant impact. The results differ significantly from those found in previous studies.展开更多
With the widespread application of distributed systems, many problems need to be solved urgently. How to design distributed optimization strategies has become a research hotspot. This article focuses on the solution r...With the widespread application of distributed systems, many problems need to be solved urgently. How to design distributed optimization strategies has become a research hotspot. This article focuses on the solution rate of the distributed convex optimization algorithm. Each agent in the network has its own convex cost function. We consider a gradient-based distributed method and use a push-pull gradient algorithm to minimize the total cost function. Inspired by the current multi-agent consensus cooperation protocol for distributed convex optimization algorithm, a distributed convex optimization algorithm with finite time convergence is proposed and studied. In the end, based on a fixed undirected distributed network topology, a fast convergent distributed cooperative learning method based on a linear parameterized neural network is proposed, which is different from the existing distributed convex optimization algorithms that can achieve exponential convergence. The algorithm can achieve finite-time convergence. The convergence of the algorithm can be guaranteed by the Lyapunov method. The corresponding simulation examples also show the effectiveness of the algorithm intuitively. Compared with other algorithms, this algorithm is competitive.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Push-pull effect is often caused during maneuver, and the changes of unconsciousness induced can affect or damage cerebral neurons at various degrees. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of simulated push-p...BACKGROUND： Push-pull effect is often caused during maneuver, and the changes of unconsciousness induced can affect or damage cerebral neurons at various degrees. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of simulated push-pull maneuver at various degrees on injury of hippocampal neurons in rats and analyze its phase effect. DESIGN： Randomized control study.SETTING ： Physiological Department of Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS： A total of 40 healthy male Wistar rats, of clean grade, weighting 205-300 g, aged 3-4 months, were randomly divided into control group （n=4） and three push-pull experimental groups, including ＋2 Gz group （intensity： -2 Gz to ＋2 Gz, n=12）, ＋6 Gz group （-6 Gz to ＋6 Gz, n=12） and ＋8 Gz group （-8 Gz to ＋8 Gz, n=12）.METHODS： The experiment was completed in the Physiological Department of Jilin Military Medical College from March 2002 to May 2003. ① Rats in the experimental groups were put at the specially rolling arm of animal centrifugal machine. Then, they were pushed and pulled with ±2 Gz, ±6 Gz and ±8 Gz, respectively. The jolt was 1 Gz/s. However, rats in control group were not treated with any ways. ② Stroke index and neurological evaluation were performed on rats in the experimental groups at 0.5, 6 and 24 hours after push-pull. Stroke index was 25 points in total. The higher the scores were, the severer the cerebral injury was. Neurological evaluation was 10 points in total. The higher the scores were, the severer the nerve injury was. ③ Hippocampal tissue in brain of rats were selected to cut into sections at each time points, and form and distribution of neurons were observed in hippocampal areas with HE staining. Degrees of neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 area were assayed after push-pull at various degrees with electron microscope. ④ Measurement data were compared with t test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：① Stroke index and neurological evaluation; ② form and distribution of neurons in hippocampal areas;③ degrees of neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 area.RESULTS： A total of 40 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Stroke index and neurological evaluation of rats in experimental groups： At 30 minutes and 6 hours after push-pull exposure, stroke index and neurological evaluation were higher in ±6Gz group and ±8 Gz group than those in control group （P 〈 0.01）, especially at 6 hours after push-pull exposure, those in ±8 Gz group were the highest at each time points [（11.00±2.16）, （5.75±1.70） points]. At 24 hours after exposure, those were decreased as compared with those within the former two time points, but the values were still higher than those in control group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. ② Results of HE staining： At 6 and 24 hours after exposure, partially neuronal degeneration was observed in pyramidal layer in ±6 Gz group and ±8 Gz group, including crenation of neurons, tdangle or polygon, and karyopycnosis, especially the injury in ±8 Gz group was the most obvious at 6 hours after exposure. ③ Results of ultrastructure with electron microscope： Partially neuronal degeneration at various degrees was observed in hippocampal CA1 area in ±2 Gz group at 6 hours after exposure and in ±6 Gz group and ±8 Gz group at 6 and 24 hours after exposure. At 6 hours after exposure, nucleus of hippocampal neurons in ±8 Gz group was irregular and umbilication. Caryotin was aggregated, nuclear matrix was swelled and disorder, and vacuolation was also observed. Rough endoplasmic reticulum was expanded, mitochondrium was swelled, and crista was disappeared.CONCLUSION： ① Push-pull cannot damage hippocampal neurons of rats in ±2 Gz group. ② Exposure can cause injury of hippocampal neurons of rats in ±6Gz group and ±8 Gz group, especially the injury is the severest at 6 hours after exposure in ±8 Gz group and relieves gradually 24 hours later.展开更多
Developing countries establishing international branch campuses （IBCs） is an emerging trend, and currently compromises 17% percent of the market in terms of the number of IBCs. While researchers have applied differe...Developing countries establishing international branch campuses （IBCs） is an emerging trend, and currently compromises 17% percent of the market in terms of the number of IBCs. While researchers have applied different social science perspectives to analyze cross-border higher education and IBCs, they usually emphasize developed countries as exporters and developing countries as importers of higher education. The phenomenon of developing countries as exporters of higher education has seldom been looked at so far in the research. This paper first describes the current development of IBCs, then illustrates what social science perspectives have been used on this topic, followed by how push-pull theory relates to developing countries being exporters of IBCs. The paper aims to combine E.S. Lee＇s push-pull theory and Gu＇s push-pull framework to analyze the push and pull factors in their advertisement and marketing claims when higher education institutions （HEIs） from developing countries plan to establish branch campuses in foreign countries. Soochow University in Laos is used as a case study. Furthermore, intermediate barriers and solutions are also identified in this case study. However, this case study has its own uniqueness and only serves heuristic for future research.展开更多
In this study, the authors experimentally investigated the changes of the mean velocity component profiles, half-widths （b12）, turbulence intensities, Reynolds shear stress and intermittency of turbulence of a trans...In this study, the authors experimentally investigated the changes of the mean velocity component profiles, half-widths （b12）, turbulence intensities, Reynolds shear stress and intermittency of turbulence of a transient plane turbulent jet developing from a jet exit into a hood opening. The values of maximum mean-velocity and half-widths of the axial velocity profile along the center-line of the jet are greater than those for a fully developed two-dimensional jet. Turbulence intensity in the axial direction is not affected by the flow rate ratio. At the same time, turbulence intensity in the lateral direction becomes greater as the hood is approached and the flow rate ratio Q3/Q1 becomes larger （QI is jet flow rate from nozzle and Q3 is suction flow rate produced by the hood）. These experimental results are in accord with the distributions of production terms in the axial and lateral directions. Reynolds shear stress becomes smaller as the flow rate ratio becomes larger near the hood. Dimensionless distance y1/br2, from the center axis of the flow to the point where intermittency factor y becomes a constant value, narrows as the flow rate ratio becomes larger near the hood.展开更多
Central banks worldwide have started researching and developing central bank digital currencies(CBDCs).In the digital economy context,concerns regarding the integrity,competition,and privacy of CBDC systems have also ...Central banks worldwide have started researching and developing central bank digital currencies(CBDCs).In the digital economy context,concerns regarding the integrity,competition,and privacy of CBDC systems have also gradually emerged.Against this backdrop,this study aims to evaluate users’willingness to use China’s digital currency electronic payment(DCEP)system,a digital payment and processing network,and its influencing factors by comprehensively considering and comparing the characteristics of cash and third-party payment services.Combining the push-pull-mooring frame-work(PPM)and task-technology fit(TTF)theory,we discuss the scenarios and mecha-nisms that may inspire users’DCEP adoption intention through an empirical study.The results reveal that privacy concerns regarding the original payment methods and technology-task fitting level of DCEP positively impact users’willingness to adopt DCEP.The technical characteristics of DCEP,users’payment requirements,and government support positively affect users’adoption intention by influencing the task-technology fitting degree of DCEP.Switching cost significantly and negatively impacts adop-tion intention,whereas relative advantage exhibits no significant effect.This research contributes to a better understanding of the factors that influence switching intentions and the actual use of DCEP,and provides policy guidance on promoting the efficiency and effectiveness of DCEP.展开更多
Rapid urbanization and population growth have triggered an increase in urban housing demand and rising housing prices,which can influence the migration intention of high-level talents.Much work within the literature h...Rapid urbanization and population growth have triggered an increase in urban housing demand and rising housing prices,which can influence the migration intention of high-level talents.Much work within the literature has focused more on the migration of the general public.However,antecedents of migration intention and the impact of housing prices on the migration of high-level talents remain unclear.Therefore,based on the push-pull theory,this study investigates the influencing factors of talent migration intention and explores the role of housing prices.This study reveals a complex mechanism underlying migration decisions by using logistic regression models and survey data of high-level talents in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)megalopolis of China.The results indicate that:1)in high house-price regions,social integration is the primary push factor,and the main factors for retaining talents are the expectation of future work and intimate family relationships;2)in medium house-price regions,the main factors that attract talents are the current salary level and close family ties;3)in low house-price regions,living convenience is a determining factor in retaining talents.This study provides a new perspective for talent mobility research and offers valuable inputs for retaining and attracting talents in different economic development regions.Findings are of great significance for formulating talent introduction policies and forming a new pattern of rational spatial docking and effective allocation of human resources.展开更多
Covalent organic polymer(COP)thin film-based memristors have generated intensive research interest,but the studies are still in their infancy.Herein,by controlling the content of hydroxyl groups in the aldehyde monome...Covalent organic polymer(COP)thin film-based memristors have generated intensive research interest,but the studies are still in their infancy.Herein,by controlling the content of hydroxyl groups in the aldehyde monomer,Py-COP thin films with different electronic push-pull effects were fabricated bearing distinct memory performances,where the films were prepared by the solid-liquid interface method on the ITO substrates and further fabricated as memory devices with ITO/Py-COPs/Ag architectures.The Py-COP-1-based memory device only exhibited binary memory behavior with an ON/OFF ratio of 1:10^(1.87).In contrast,the device based on Py-COP-2 demonstrated ternary memory behavior with an ON/OFF ratio of 1:10^(0.6):10^(3.1) and a ternary yield of 55%.The ternary memory mechanism of the ITO/Py-COP-2/Ag memory device is most likely due to the combination of the trapping of charge carriers and conductive filaments.Interestingly,the Py-COPs-based devices can successfully emulate the synaptic potentiation/depression behavior,clarifying the programmability of these devices in neuromorphic systems.These results suggest that the electronic properties of COPs can be precisely tuned at the molecular level,which provides a promising route for designing multi-level memory devices.展开更多
MP2 method and different functionals such as M06-HF, M06-2X, CAM-B3 LYP, PBE0, B3 LYP and M06 L incorporating different XC amounts were used to calculate the static first hyperpolarizabilies β(0) of eight molecules w...MP2 method and different functionals such as M06-HF, M06-2X, CAM-B3 LYP, PBE0, B3 LYP and M06 L incorporating different XC amounts were used to calculate the static first hyperpolarizabilies β(0) of eight molecules which are derivatives of benzene, stilbene and diphenylacetylene. The values were then compared to the experimental ones. The M06-2X functional was then selected for further calculations. NBO calculations were also performed to define the intramolecular charge transfer in each molecule. TD-DFT calculations were performed taking into account the solvent effect using the IEF-PCM formalism. Some parameters characterizing the vertical transitions such as the wavelength of the maximum absorption λ_(max) were compared to the experimental ones. Finally,solvation Gibbs free enthalpy ΔG_(solv) values have also been examined in order to determine which the specific solvent for a given molecule is.展开更多
This paper is to illustrate that form develops meaning in Maxine Hong Kingston＇s The Woman Warrior （1989）. Her writing is permeated with the dual forces stretching to diverse directions, and equips readers with the...This paper is to illustrate that form develops meaning in Maxine Hong Kingston＇s The Woman Warrior （1989）. Her writing is permeated with the dual forces stretching to diverse directions, and equips readers with the mimic world to be pushed and pulled to experience all the paradoxes in narrator＇s life. This enigmatic writing style is the mimesis of the push-pull dynamics existent in the mother-daughter relationship in the book, and also through this kind of writing does the writer finally succeed in breaking away from the suffocating mother-daughter relationship and in claiming her own unique identity.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1604402)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (LY17C140002)+1 种基金the Fundamental and Public Welfare of Zhejiang Province, China (LGN18C160006)the College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Zhejiang Province, China (2017R409055)
文摘Thirteen volatile compounds were identified from Flemingia macrophylla plants. Eight major components significantly attracted the tea green leafhoppers, Empoasca flavescens F. Based on their relative abundances, following synthetic blends were made for field experiments: 1) eight-component-attractant blend included Z-3-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-ocimene, Me SA, Z-3-hexenyl butyrate, dodecane, hexadecane and nonanal at 10, 10, 1, 11, 2, 6, 2 and 4 mg mL^-1 in n-hexane, respectively;2) four-component-attractant blend #1 contained hexadecane, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and nonanal at 2, 10, 10 and 4 mg mL^-1 in n-hexane, respectively;3) four-component-attractant blend #2 contained hexadecane, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and Me SA at 2, 10, 10 and 11 mg mL^-1 in n-hexane, respectively. Thymol and 1-methoxy-4-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-benzene, identified from Lavandula angustifolia aeration samples, significantly repelled the leafhopper as strong repellents when tested alone or in combination at 10 mg mL^-1. For field bioassays, each attractant lure was attached to a bud green sticky board hung from a bamboo stick at above tea plant level for catching the leafhoppers, whereas the repellent dispenser was tied to a tea branch inside tea clump for pushing the leafhoppers away from tea clumps. The results showed that the eight-component-attractant blend caught similar numbers of the leafhopper as did the four-component-attractant blend #1 at about 53–79 leafhoppers/trap/day, which were significantly higher than those on the hexane-control bud green sticky boards. Average leafhopper catches from un-baited sticky boards were about 51–73 leafhoppers/trap/day when pushed by the repellents placed inside tea plants, with the two-component-repellent blend being more effective than their single components. When the two-component-repellent blend was further tested with the three attractant blends in a push-pull fashion, average trap catches ranged from 62 to 92 leafhoppers/trap/day. Control efficacy on the leafhoppers within the push-pull zones increased progressively from day 1(43%) to day 5(73%). This push-pull approach might have a great potential as a green control strategy for combating the tea green leafhoppers.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41571527, 41301193, 41101552,41401198)Main Direction Program (KZCX2-EW317)West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2013Yuhui)
文摘In China, farmers employed in non-farm work have become important socio-economic actors, but few studies have examined the farmers' perspective in making their work location choices. Based on "push-pull" migration theory, this paper utilizes sectional data from a 2013 survey of farmers in China's Three Gorges Reservoir area to empirically analyze the factors influencing migrant workers' choice of employment location. The results indicate that 60.46% of laborers have migrated from their home province, whereas 39.54% have remained in their home province. Focusing on personal, household, and community characteristics—in addition to the economic characteristics of the sample counties—multinomial logistic regression models reveal that farmer-laborers' employment location decisions are influenced by their personal capital endowment(age, years of education and social networks), family structure(the number of laborers, elders, children and students), home village characteristics(location, economic development level and the degree of relief of the land) and home county economic development level. Notably, male and female laborers' location decisions reveal a converging trend, and their differences are not pronounced. Per capita arable land area has little influence on location decisions, whereas the educational level of laborers has a significant impact. The results differ significantly from those found in previous studies.
文摘With the widespread application of distributed systems, many problems need to be solved urgently. How to design distributed optimization strategies has become a research hotspot. This article focuses on the solution rate of the distributed convex optimization algorithm. Each agent in the network has its own convex cost function. We consider a gradient-based distributed method and use a push-pull gradient algorithm to minimize the total cost function. Inspired by the current multi-agent consensus cooperation protocol for distributed convex optimization algorithm, a distributed convex optimization algorithm with finite time convergence is proposed and studied. In the end, based on a fixed undirected distributed network topology, a fast convergent distributed cooperative learning method based on a linear parameterized neural network is proposed, which is different from the existing distributed convex optimization algorithms that can achieve exponential convergence. The algorithm can achieve finite-time convergence. The convergence of the algorithm can be guaranteed by the Lyapunov method. The corresponding simulation examples also show the effectiveness of the algorithm intuitively. Compared with other algorithms, this algorithm is competitive.
文摘BACKGROUND： Push-pull effect is often caused during maneuver, and the changes of unconsciousness induced can affect or damage cerebral neurons at various degrees. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of simulated push-pull maneuver at various degrees on injury of hippocampal neurons in rats and analyze its phase effect. DESIGN： Randomized control study.SETTING ： Physiological Department of Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS： A total of 40 healthy male Wistar rats, of clean grade, weighting 205-300 g, aged 3-4 months, were randomly divided into control group （n=4） and three push-pull experimental groups, including ＋2 Gz group （intensity： -2 Gz to ＋2 Gz, n=12）, ＋6 Gz group （-6 Gz to ＋6 Gz, n=12） and ＋8 Gz group （-8 Gz to ＋8 Gz, n=12）.METHODS： The experiment was completed in the Physiological Department of Jilin Military Medical College from March 2002 to May 2003. ① Rats in the experimental groups were put at the specially rolling arm of animal centrifugal machine. Then, they were pushed and pulled with ±2 Gz, ±6 Gz and ±8 Gz, respectively. The jolt was 1 Gz/s. However, rats in control group were not treated with any ways. ② Stroke index and neurological evaluation were performed on rats in the experimental groups at 0.5, 6 and 24 hours after push-pull. Stroke index was 25 points in total. The higher the scores were, the severer the cerebral injury was. Neurological evaluation was 10 points in total. The higher the scores were, the severer the nerve injury was. ③ Hippocampal tissue in brain of rats were selected to cut into sections at each time points, and form and distribution of neurons were observed in hippocampal areas with HE staining. Degrees of neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 area were assayed after push-pull at various degrees with electron microscope. ④ Measurement data were compared with t test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：① Stroke index and neurological evaluation; ② form and distribution of neurons in hippocampal areas;③ degrees of neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 area.RESULTS： A total of 40 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Stroke index and neurological evaluation of rats in experimental groups： At 30 minutes and 6 hours after push-pull exposure, stroke index and neurological evaluation were higher in ±6Gz group and ±8 Gz group than those in control group （P 〈 0.01）, especially at 6 hours after push-pull exposure, those in ±8 Gz group were the highest at each time points [（11.00±2.16）, （5.75±1.70） points]. At 24 hours after exposure, those were decreased as compared with those within the former two time points, but the values were still higher than those in control group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. ② Results of HE staining： At 6 and 24 hours after exposure, partially neuronal degeneration was observed in pyramidal layer in ±6 Gz group and ±8 Gz group, including crenation of neurons, tdangle or polygon, and karyopycnosis, especially the injury in ±8 Gz group was the most obvious at 6 hours after exposure. ③ Results of ultrastructure with electron microscope： Partially neuronal degeneration at various degrees was observed in hippocampal CA1 area in ±2 Gz group at 6 hours after exposure and in ±6 Gz group and ±8 Gz group at 6 and 24 hours after exposure. At 6 hours after exposure, nucleus of hippocampal neurons in ±8 Gz group was irregular and umbilication. Caryotin was aggregated, nuclear matrix was swelled and disorder, and vacuolation was also observed. Rough endoplasmic reticulum was expanded, mitochondrium was swelled, and crista was disappeared.CONCLUSION： ① Push-pull cannot damage hippocampal neurons of rats in ±2 Gz group. ② Exposure can cause injury of hippocampal neurons of rats in ±6Gz group and ±8 Gz group, especially the injury is the severest at 6 hours after exposure in ±8 Gz group and relieves gradually 24 hours later.
文摘Developing countries establishing international branch campuses （IBCs） is an emerging trend, and currently compromises 17% percent of the market in terms of the number of IBCs. While researchers have applied different social science perspectives to analyze cross-border higher education and IBCs, they usually emphasize developed countries as exporters and developing countries as importers of higher education. The phenomenon of developing countries as exporters of higher education has seldom been looked at so far in the research. This paper first describes the current development of IBCs, then illustrates what social science perspectives have been used on this topic, followed by how push-pull theory relates to developing countries being exporters of IBCs. The paper aims to combine E.S. Lee＇s push-pull theory and Gu＇s push-pull framework to analyze the push and pull factors in their advertisement and marketing claims when higher education institutions （HEIs） from developing countries plan to establish branch campuses in foreign countries. Soochow University in Laos is used as a case study. Furthermore, intermediate barriers and solutions are also identified in this case study. However, this case study has its own uniqueness and only serves heuristic for future research.
文摘In this study, the authors experimentally investigated the changes of the mean velocity component profiles, half-widths （b12）, turbulence intensities, Reynolds shear stress and intermittency of turbulence of a transient plane turbulent jet developing from a jet exit into a hood opening. The values of maximum mean-velocity and half-widths of the axial velocity profile along the center-line of the jet are greater than those for a fully developed two-dimensional jet. Turbulence intensity in the axial direction is not affected by the flow rate ratio. At the same time, turbulence intensity in the lateral direction becomes greater as the hood is approached and the flow rate ratio Q3/Q1 becomes larger （QI is jet flow rate from nozzle and Q3 is suction flow rate produced by the hood）. These experimental results are in accord with the distributions of production terms in the axial and lateral directions. Reynolds shear stress becomes smaller as the flow rate ratio becomes larger near the hood. Dimensionless distance y1/br2, from the center axis of the flow to the point where intermittency factor y becomes a constant value, narrows as the flow rate ratio becomes larger near the hood.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71871172:Model of Risk knowledge acquisition and Platform governance in FinTech based on deep learning72171184:Grey Private Knowledge model of security and trusted BI on the federal Learning Perspective).
文摘Central banks worldwide have started researching and developing central bank digital currencies(CBDCs).In the digital economy context,concerns regarding the integrity,competition,and privacy of CBDC systems have also gradually emerged.Against this backdrop,this study aims to evaluate users’willingness to use China’s digital currency electronic payment(DCEP)system,a digital payment and processing network,and its influencing factors by comprehensively considering and comparing the characteristics of cash and third-party payment services.Combining the push-pull-mooring frame-work(PPM)and task-technology fit(TTF)theory,we discuss the scenarios and mecha-nisms that may inspire users’DCEP adoption intention through an empirical study.The results reveal that privacy concerns regarding the original payment methods and technology-task fitting level of DCEP positively impact users’willingness to adopt DCEP.The technical characteristics of DCEP,users’payment requirements,and government support positively affect users’adoption intention by influencing the task-technology fitting degree of DCEP.Switching cost significantly and negatively impacts adop-tion intention,whereas relative advantage exhibits no significant effect.This research contributes to a better understanding of the factors that influence switching intentions and the actual use of DCEP,and provides policy guidance on promoting the efficiency and effectiveness of DCEP.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 72274143) and (No.71874127)
文摘Rapid urbanization and population growth have triggered an increase in urban housing demand and rising housing prices,which can influence the migration intention of high-level talents.Much work within the literature has focused more on the migration of the general public.However,antecedents of migration intention and the impact of housing prices on the migration of high-level talents remain unclear.Therefore,based on the push-pull theory,this study investigates the influencing factors of talent migration intention and explores the role of housing prices.This study reveals a complex mechanism underlying migration decisions by using logistic regression models and survey data of high-level talents in the Pearl River Delta(PRD)megalopolis of China.The results indicate that:1)in high house-price regions,social integration is the primary push factor,and the main factors for retaining talents are the expectation of future work and intimate family relationships;2)in medium house-price regions,the main factors that attract talents are the current salary level and close family ties;3)in low house-price regions,living convenience is a determining factor in retaining talents.This study provides a new perspective for talent mobility research and offers valuable inputs for retaining and attracting talents in different economic development regions.Findings are of great significance for formulating talent introduction policies and forming a new pattern of rational spatial docking and effective allocation of human resources.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21972021 and 22111530111)the support of China Scholarship Council(No.202206650013).
文摘Covalent organic polymer(COP)thin film-based memristors have generated intensive research interest,but the studies are still in their infancy.Herein,by controlling the content of hydroxyl groups in the aldehyde monomer,Py-COP thin films with different electronic push-pull effects were fabricated bearing distinct memory performances,where the films were prepared by the solid-liquid interface method on the ITO substrates and further fabricated as memory devices with ITO/Py-COPs/Ag architectures.The Py-COP-1-based memory device only exhibited binary memory behavior with an ON/OFF ratio of 1:10^(1.87).In contrast,the device based on Py-COP-2 demonstrated ternary memory behavior with an ON/OFF ratio of 1:10^(0.6):10^(3.1) and a ternary yield of 55%.The ternary memory mechanism of the ITO/Py-COP-2/Ag memory device is most likely due to the combination of the trapping of charge carriers and conductive filaments.Interestingly,the Py-COPs-based devices can successfully emulate the synaptic potentiation/depression behavior,clarifying the programmability of these devices in neuromorphic systems.These results suggest that the electronic properties of COPs can be precisely tuned at the molecular level,which provides a promising route for designing multi-level memory devices.
文摘MP2 method and different functionals such as M06-HF, M06-2X, CAM-B3 LYP, PBE0, B3 LYP and M06 L incorporating different XC amounts were used to calculate the static first hyperpolarizabilies β(0) of eight molecules which are derivatives of benzene, stilbene and diphenylacetylene. The values were then compared to the experimental ones. The M06-2X functional was then selected for further calculations. NBO calculations were also performed to define the intramolecular charge transfer in each molecule. TD-DFT calculations were performed taking into account the solvent effect using the IEF-PCM formalism. Some parameters characterizing the vertical transitions such as the wavelength of the maximum absorption λ_(max) were compared to the experimental ones. Finally,solvation Gibbs free enthalpy ΔG_(solv) values have also been examined in order to determine which the specific solvent for a given molecule is.
文摘This paper is to illustrate that form develops meaning in Maxine Hong Kingston＇s The Woman Warrior （1989）. Her writing is permeated with the dual forces stretching to diverse directions, and equips readers with the mimic world to be pushed and pulled to experience all the paradoxes in narrator＇s life. This enigmatic writing style is the mimesis of the push-pull dynamics existent in the mother-daughter relationship in the book, and also through this kind of writing does the writer finally succeed in breaking away from the suffocating mother-daughter relationship and in claiming her own unique identity.
