Statistical analysis on the influence of mechanical parameters in the vibration of pylons

We present a statistical investigation of the degree of influence that assumptions made in relation to the mechanical parameters of a pylon have on its ground-induced vibrations.The study is set up by using as a key kinematic variable the displacement at the top of a reference,a stand-alone pylon with a uniform cross-section and fixity at its base.Next,statistics are produced using a dimensionless displacement ratio defined between the‘parental’and the‘subsidiary’cases,the latter defined for the pylon(a)resting on compliant soil,(b)having an attached top mass,and(c)being non-uniform with height.Furthermore,two materials are examined,namely,steel and reinforced concrete(R/C).More specifically,this displacement ratio is independent of the excitation and plays the role of a transfer function between the base and the top of the pylon.Both horizontal and vertical motions are considered,and the equations of motion are solved in the frequency domain.The ensuing statistical analysis is conducted for the following parameter combinations:(a)pylon founded on soft,intermediate,and stiff soil;(b)low,intermediate,and high-mass ratios of the attached mass to the pylon′s mass;(c)a constant and quadratic degree of pylon tapering with height.Spearman correlation coefficients are calculated for all the above combinations to arrive at statistical results that establish validity bounds and quantify the degree of influence of each assumption on the pylon′s response.

AO钢板治疗Pylon骨折(附28例报告)

目的 :探讨Pylon骨折AO钢板治疗的优越性及手术要点。方法 :对 1996年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 10月我院收治的 2 8例Pylon骨折用AO钢板进行手术治疗。结果 :2 8例获得平均 2 5个月的随诊 ,骨折全部愈合 ,总的优良率为 82 .1%。结论 :Pylon骨折应积极采取手术治疗 ,AO钢板内固定疗效佳 ,可保持植骨后胫骨高度。手术中应注意的是先整复固定外踝或后踝 ,再整复胫骨关节面并植骨 ,最后再整复内踝及支撑钢板固定 ,一期可不做关节融合。

Pylon 骨折的诊断与治疗(附45例报告)

Ｐｙｌｏｎ骨折的诊断与治疗（附４５例报告）邓昌茆文（淄博市中心医院，淄博市２５５０３６张店钢铁厂医院）关键词Ｐｙｌｏｎ骨折；内固定；植骨；踝关节融合术Ｐｙｌｏｎ骨折是指由于轴向应力造成的胫骨远端不同程度经关节面的爆裂性骨折。由于胫骨远端爆裂、远端松质...

Pylon骨折36例治疗体会

Ｐｙｌｏｎ骨折３６例治疗体会范本植，祁峰Ｐｙｌｏｎ骨折即胫腓骨远端爆裂性骨折，系胫骨远端经距小腿关节（踝关节）的骨折，有别于胫骨下１／３骨折，故被单独命名。临床工作中经常遇到这类骨折，由于对该类骨折认识不足，在治疗上常存在诸多错误，并带来不必要的并发...

PYLON骨折37例治疗体会

ＰＹＬＯＮ骨折３７例治疗体会山东济宁市第二人民医院（２７２１４９）李庆忠，刘树民我院自１９７８年２月～１９８９年５月共收治ＰＹＬＯＮ骨折病人３７例，应用中西医结合的治疗方法，取得了较为满意的效果。临床资料３７例中男３２例，女５例；年龄１３～５２岁；致...

The Lightweight Design of Low RCS Pylon Based on Structural Bionics

A concept of Specific Structure Efficiency (SSE) was proposed that can be used in the lightweight effect evaluation ofstructures.The main procedures of bionic structure design were introduced systematically.The parameter relationship betweenhollow stem of plant and the minimum weight was deduced in detail.In order to improve SSE of pylons, the structural characteristicsof hollow stem were investigated and extracted.Bionic pylon was designed based on analogous biological structuralcharacteristics.Using finite element method based simulation, the displacements and stresses in the bionic pylon were comparedwith those of the conventional pylon.Results show that the SSE of bionic pylon is improved obviously.Static, dynamic andelectromagnetism tests were carried out on conventional and bionic pylons.The weight, stress, displacement and Radar CrossSection (RCS) of both pylons were measured.Experimental results illustrate that the SSE of bionic pylon is markedly improvedthat specific strength efficiency and specific stiffness efficiency of bionic pylon are increased by 52.9% and 43.6% respectively.The RCS of bionic pylon is reduced significantly.

3D Finite Elements Technique for Collapse Causes of the Pylons in Egyptian Temples: A Study of the Great Pylon of Ramesseum Temple, Luxor, Egypt

This research presents damage causes of the pylons in the ancient Egyptian temples based on 3D finite elements analysis. The main purpose of the research determines the failure causes of the first pylon of the Ramessium temple, which is situated in Upper Egypt, at Luxor “Thebes” on the west bank of the Nile River. The first pylon of Ramessium temple subjected to seismic activity effects on long term, combined with several structural damage factors such as the defects resulting from the construction technique, where the builder used the poor quality of stones in foundations of the pylon, the building materials residue was used as filler for the core of the pylon walls, and it lacked vertical joints between the courses. In addition to it founded on alluvial soil that is vulnerable to contaminated water, it is still suffering damage factors and urban trespasses at the moment. All of the former factors helped the pylon to be affected by the earthquakes loads that occurred on it. The structural behavior of the pylon under self-weight and earthquakes loads were carried out by Numerical analysis to find out the loads and stresses which caused collapsing of the pylon. Results of the study indicated that the pylon subjected to a horizontal displacement due to old earthquakes force, led to collapse of the pylon. Finally, the study represents use of modern technique to study the structural behavior of the most important architectural units in ancient Egyptian temples to identify the causes of its collapse.

A Study on the Quality Control of Concrete during the Slip Form Erection of Pylon

The construction market of super-high-rise buildings and long-span bridges has recognized unprecedented expansion owing to the development of high performance and high strength materials and the advances achieved in the design and construction technologies. In parallel to the lengthening and enlargement in scale of the structures, securing quality control technology of concrete while reducing the construction duration using improved construction methods emerges as a critical problem for concrete structures. In the erection of concrete pylons, slip forming represents the latest method offering the advantage of reducing drastically the construction duration compared to other methods by adopting automated slip-up of the forms and enabling 24-hour continuous placing. This study determines the slip-up time of the slip form by evaluating the early strength through the surface wave velocity and develops lightweight GFRP form in order to secure the quality of concrete during the slip form erection of pylons. A slip form system is fabricated and mockup test is conducted to verify the performances of the developed techniques through the construction of 10 m-high pylon with a hollow section.

Experimental Study on Innovative Slip Form Method for the Construction of Tapered Concrete Pylon of Long-Span Cable Bridge

The construction of the three-dimensionally shaped pylons higher than 400 m requires a very high technological degree. It is known that the application of the tapered slip form method for the erection of the concrete pylon of long-span cable bridges offers the advantage of being significantly faster than applying the auto-climbing system (ACS) form method. Therefore, this study presents the development of an innovative slip form system for pylons with tapered cross-section. Surface wave inspection system is applied for the determination of slip-up time, wireless hydraulic control system is applied for auto rising, GPS system is used to manage the pylon configuration, and lightweight GFRP (Grass Fiber Reinforced Plastic) panels are applied in the slip form system. Small-scale tests were conducted three times to validate the performance of the developed core technologies, and full-scale tests were conducted twice to validate and verify the developed innovative slip form. The full-scale tapered concrete pylons have hollow shafts and a height of 10 m. The sectional dimensions are varied according to the construction height. The experimental constructions of the tapered pylons using the innovative slip form were conducted successfully. This system is the world’s first application of GFRP slip form panel.

开放性胫骨PYLON骨折20例早期处理

胫骨PYLON骨折是由于高能量损伤所致的扩展到踝关节的胫骨远端骨折,其致伤机制复杂,且往往伴有较广泛的皮肤捻挫伤,处理较为困难,预后亦欠佳。本院10余年来共收治开放性胫骨PYLON骨折20例,现就此骨折的早期处理作一分析探讨。

Pylon骨折62例治疗分析

作者报告62例Pylon骨折治疗和随访情况．手术治疗优良率（77.8％）明显高于非手术治疗（577％），认为对Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨折应首先手术复位，内固定。文中对有关治疗问题进行了探讨。

组合式外固定器治疗严重Pylon骨折

Pylon骨折是指由于受到轴向压缩力而引起的扩展到踝关节的胫骨远端骨折。这类骨折较为少见,治疗棘手,预后欠佳。自1995年以来,作者采用切开直视下斯氏针撬拨复位,组合式超踝关节双边架外固定治疗严重Pylon骨折6例。随访3～16个月,骨折临床愈合时间平均为9周,优良率达83％,无1例严重并发症发生。此法复位确切,固定可靠,操作简单,疗效高,值得推广。

Interactive Multi-objective Optimization Design for the Pylon Structure of an Airplane

一架飞机的塔门结构是很复杂的，并且它的高保真分析是相当费时间的。如果以后的偏爱优化算法被用来解决这个问题，巨大的时间消费将在由于为算法需要的大量评估设计实践是不能接受的。那么，新交互优化 algorithminteractive 多客观的粒子群优化(IMOPSO ) 被介绍。IMOPSO 有效、简单、合用。决策人能方便地在 IMOPSO 决定精确偏爱。IMOPSO 被用来执行一架飞机的塔门结构优化设计，并且一个令人满意的图案在仅仅 IMOPSO 进化的 12 代以后被完成。与原来的设计相比，令人满意的设计的最大的排水量被减少，并且令人满意的设计的团为 22% 被减少。

Construction and alignment control of the middle steel pylon of Taizhou Bridge

The general construction procedure of the steel middle pylon is briefly introduced. The alignment control of the pylon is carried out during the whole process of the construction. The control concept is extended to the manufacture stage. The manufacturing alignment error is strictly controlled in the segments precast process in factory, and the error is recognized and predicted precisely during the installation stage. The adjusting joints are employed to amend the accumulated error, which ensure that the steel pylon alignment could satisfy the precision requirements after installation.

Key technology for construction of connection between steel pylonand concrete pile cap of middle pylon of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Bridge is a suspension bridge with three pylons and two 1 080 m main spans. The middle pylon is a steel frame with longitudinal herringbone shape and lateral gate shape. The connection between steel pylon and concrete pile cap is a key part to transfer the huge inner force from the pylon to the foundation. Its construction quality is a critical factor to the overall structural loading of the whole bridge; therefore the contact ratio between the bearing steel plate of pylon and concrete pile cap is required to be over 75 %. The inclined joint surface in two directions, longitudinally at 39/1 920 and laterally at 1/4, posted a challenge to the construction work. A procedure test was carried out to find an optimal construction method by comparison, and finally the post-injection method was selected as it can meet the requirement of concrete strength and contact ratio at the connection. The successful application of the post-injection method in Taizhou Bridge can provide an example and reference for similar projects in the future.

Software development of modeling assistant for continuous suspension bridges with multi-pylon

Building a reasonable and accurate finite element model is the first and critical step for structural analysis of complicated bridge. In this article, modeling assistant for continuous suspension with multi-pylon is developed based on .Net platform, with VB.Net, C# language and OpenGL graphic technique. With parameterized modeling method, finite element model of this kind of bridge can be built quickly and accurately, and multi-type element modeling with uniform parameters is realized. With advanced graphic technique, three-dimensional model graph can be real-timely previewed for intuitive data check. With an example of practice project, the accuracy and feasibility of this modeling method and practicality of this software are verified.