An analysis is performed to study thermo-diffusion and diffusion-thermo effects on mixed convection heat and mass transfer boundary layer flow along an inclined (solar collector) plate. The resulting governing equatio...An analysis is performed to study thermo-diffusion and diffusion-thermo effects on mixed convection heat and mass transfer boundary layer flow along an inclined (solar collector) plate. The resulting governing equations are transformed and then solved numerically using the local nonsimilarity method and Runge-Kutta shooting quadrature. A parametric study illustrating the influence of thermal buoyancy parameter (ζ), Prandtl number (Pr), Schmidt number (Sc), Soret number (Sr), Dufour number (Du) and concentration-to- thermal-buoyancy ratio parameter, N, on the fluid velocity, temperature and concentration profiles as well as on local skin-friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers is conducted. For positive inclination angle of the plate (γ = 70 degrees), flow velocity (f') is strongly increased i.e. accelerated, with thermal buoyancy force parameter (ζ), in particular closer to the plate surface;further into the boundary layer, ζ has a much reduced effect. Conversely temperature (θ) and concentration (ψ) is decreased with increasing thermal buoyancy parameter, ζ. For negative plate inclination, the flow is accelerated whereas for positive inclination it is decelerated i.e. velocity is reduced. Conversely with negative plate inclination both the temperature and concentration in the boundary layer is reduced with the opposite apparent for positive inclination. Increasing Prandtl number strongly reduces temperature in the regime whereas an increase in Schmidt number boosts temperatures with temperature overshoots near the plate surface for Sc = 3 and 5 (i.e. for Sc > 1). Concentration is reduced continuously throughout the boundary layer, however, with increasing Schmidt number. A positive increase in concentration-to-thermal-buoyancy ratio parameter, N, significantly accelerates the flow in the domain, whereas negative N causes a deceleration. A velocity overshoot is also identified for N = 20, at intermediate distance from the plate surface. Negative N (thermal and concentration buoyancy forces oppose each other) induces a slight increase in both fluid temperature and concentration, with the reverse observed for positive N (thermal and concentration buoyancy forces assisting each other). Increasing Dufour number respectively causes a rise in temperature and a decrease in concentration, whereas an increase in Soret number cools the fluid i.e. reduces temperature and enhances concentration values. In the absence of Soret and Dufour effects, positive N causes a monotonic increase in local Nusselt number, NuxRex-1/2 with ζ Cos γ, for N = -1 the local Nusselt number remains constant for all values of parameter, ζ Cos γ. Local Sherwood number, ShxRex-1/2 is boosted considerably with higher Schmidt numbers and also with positive N values. The computations in the absence of Soret and Dufour effects correlate accurately with the earlier study by Chen et al. (1980).展开更多
A numerical investigation of boundary layer mass transfer flow through an inclined plate with the effect of chemical reaction and thermal diffusion is presented in this study. The governing partial differential equati...A numerical investigation of boundary layer mass transfer flow through an inclined plate with the effect of chemical reaction and thermal diffusion is presented in this study. The governing partial differential equations (PDE) are transformed to a system of dimensionless non-similar coupled PDEs. The transformed, non-similar conservations equations (momentum balance equation, energy balance equation and concentration balance equation) are then solved using a numerical approach known as explicit finite difference method (EFDM). Basically EFDM introduced for the unsteadiness in the momentum, temperature, and concentration fluid fields is based on the time dependent fluid velocity, temperature and concentration of the boundary surface. During the course of discussion, it is found that the various parameters related to the problem influence the calculated resultant expressions. The computed numerical solution results for the velocity, temperature, and concentration distribution with the effect of various important dimensionless parameters (Grashof number, Modified Grashof number, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Soret number, Dufour number, chemical reaction parameter and inclination parameter) entering into the problems are critically analyzed and discussed graphically. It can be seen that two physical phenomena chemical reaction and thermal diffusion can greatly effect on the boundary layer fluid flows through an inclined plate.展开更多
The couple effect of soil displacement and axial load on the single inclined pile in cases of surcharge load and uniform soil movement is discussed in detail with the methods of full-scale field tests and finite eleme...The couple effect of soil displacement and axial load on the single inclined pile in cases of surcharge load and uniform soil movement is discussed in detail with the methods of full-scale field tests and finite element method. Parametric analyses including the degree of inclination and the distance between soil and pile are carried out herein. When the displacement of soil on the left side and right side of a pile is identical, deformation of a vertical pile and an inclined pile is highly close in both cases of surcharge load and uniform soil movement. When the couple effect of soil displacement and axial load occurs, settlement of an inclined pile is greater than that of a vertical pile under the same axial load, and bearing capacity of an inclined pile is smaller than that of a vertical pile. This is quite different from the case when the inclined pile is not affected by soil displacement. For inclined piles, P-Δ effect of axial load would lead to a large increase in bending moment, however, for the vertical pile, P-Δ effect of axial load can be neglected. Although the direction of inclination of piles is reverse, deformation of piles caused by uniform soil movement is totally the same. For the inclined piles discussed herein, bending moment(-8 m to-17 m under the ground) relies heavily on uniform soil movement and does not change during the process of applying axial load. When the thickness of soil is less than the pile length, the greater the thickness of soil, the larger the bending moment at lower part of the inclined pile. When the thickness of soil is larger than the pile length, bending moment at lower part of the inclined pile is zero.展开更多
A new multi-channel motional Stark effect(MSE)diagnostic system has been developed on the upgraded EAST tokamak,which was installed on the port C to observe a tangential neutral beam.A telecentric imaging lens was dep...A new multi-channel motional Stark effect(MSE)diagnostic system has been developed on the upgraded EAST tokamak,which was installed on the port C to observe a tangential neutral beam.A telecentric imaging lens was deployed to ensure uniform illumination from the core to the boundary.A square fiber head which contained 23 fiber bundles was mounted to this imaging lens;each fiber bundle contained 19 fibers and two of them were assigned to CXRS and BES spectrometer,respectively.The angle tuning method was used for matching the Doppler shift of theσcomponent’s wavelength which was caused by the beam voltage.At the present stage,the MSE system only contains ten channels that would be extended to 23 channels in the future,covering a measurement range from R=1.8 to R=2.27 m with a temporal resolution of 10 ms and a spatial resolution of3 cm.The polarization angle-constrained q profiles and current density profiles were reconstructed with EFIT equilibrium reconstructions.In the sawtooth discharges,the q=1 surface position was validated by the ECE signals,which further verified the rationality of the MSE measurement.展开更多
IZO films were deposited onto PET substrate at room temperature with the inclined opposite target type DC magnetron sputtering equipment,in which a sintered oxide IZO target(doped with 10% ZnO,packing density of 99.99...IZO films were deposited onto PET substrate at room temperature with the inclined opposite target type DC magnetron sputtering equipment,in which a sintered oxide IZO target(doped with 10% ZnO,packing density of 99.99%) was used.The effects of total sputtering pressure and film thickness on IZO films properties were studied.All the films produced at room temperature have a amorphous structure,irrespective of the total sputtering pressure and film thickness.A resistivity of the order of 10-4 Ωcm was obtained for IZO films deposited at lower pressure(film thickness of 190 nm).The resistivity of IZO films deposited at room temperature depends on film thickness and shows a minimum at a thickness of 530 nm.展开更多
文摘An analysis is performed to study thermo-diffusion and diffusion-thermo effects on mixed convection heat and mass transfer boundary layer flow along an inclined (solar collector) plate. The resulting governing equations are transformed and then solved numerically using the local nonsimilarity method and Runge-Kutta shooting quadrature. A parametric study illustrating the influence of thermal buoyancy parameter (ζ), Prandtl number (Pr), Schmidt number (Sc), Soret number (Sr), Dufour number (Du) and concentration-to- thermal-buoyancy ratio parameter, N, on the fluid velocity, temperature and concentration profiles as well as on local skin-friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers is conducted. For positive inclination angle of the plate (γ = 70 degrees), flow velocity (f') is strongly increased i.e. accelerated, with thermal buoyancy force parameter (ζ), in particular closer to the plate surface;further into the boundary layer, ζ has a much reduced effect. Conversely temperature (θ) and concentration (ψ) is decreased with increasing thermal buoyancy parameter, ζ. For negative plate inclination, the flow is accelerated whereas for positive inclination it is decelerated i.e. velocity is reduced. Conversely with negative plate inclination both the temperature and concentration in the boundary layer is reduced with the opposite apparent for positive inclination. Increasing Prandtl number strongly reduces temperature in the regime whereas an increase in Schmidt number boosts temperatures with temperature overshoots near the plate surface for Sc = 3 and 5 (i.e. for Sc > 1). Concentration is reduced continuously throughout the boundary layer, however, with increasing Schmidt number. A positive increase in concentration-to-thermal-buoyancy ratio parameter, N, significantly accelerates the flow in the domain, whereas negative N causes a deceleration. A velocity overshoot is also identified for N = 20, at intermediate distance from the plate surface. Negative N (thermal and concentration buoyancy forces oppose each other) induces a slight increase in both fluid temperature and concentration, with the reverse observed for positive N (thermal and concentration buoyancy forces assisting each other). Increasing Dufour number respectively causes a rise in temperature and a decrease in concentration, whereas an increase in Soret number cools the fluid i.e. reduces temperature and enhances concentration values. In the absence of Soret and Dufour effects, positive N causes a monotonic increase in local Nusselt number, NuxRex-1/2 with ζ Cos γ, for N = -1 the local Nusselt number remains constant for all values of parameter, ζ Cos γ. Local Sherwood number, ShxRex-1/2 is boosted considerably with higher Schmidt numbers and also with positive N values. The computations in the absence of Soret and Dufour effects correlate accurately with the earlier study by Chen et al. (1980).
文摘A numerical investigation of boundary layer mass transfer flow through an inclined plate with the effect of chemical reaction and thermal diffusion is presented in this study. The governing partial differential equations (PDE) are transformed to a system of dimensionless non-similar coupled PDEs. The transformed, non-similar conservations equations (momentum balance equation, energy balance equation and concentration balance equation) are then solved using a numerical approach known as explicit finite difference method (EFDM). Basically EFDM introduced for the unsteadiness in the momentum, temperature, and concentration fluid fields is based on the time dependent fluid velocity, temperature and concentration of the boundary surface. During the course of discussion, it is found that the various parameters related to the problem influence the calculated resultant expressions. The computed numerical solution results for the velocity, temperature, and concentration distribution with the effect of various important dimensionless parameters (Grashof number, Modified Grashof number, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Soret number, Dufour number, chemical reaction parameter and inclination parameter) entering into the problems are critically analyzed and discussed graphically. It can be seen that two physical phenomena chemical reaction and thermal diffusion can greatly effect on the boundary layer fluid flows through an inclined plate.
基金Project(51208071)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010CB732106)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The couple effect of soil displacement and axial load on the single inclined pile in cases of surcharge load and uniform soil movement is discussed in detail with the methods of full-scale field tests and finite element method. Parametric analyses including the degree of inclination and the distance between soil and pile are carried out herein. When the displacement of soil on the left side and right side of a pile is identical, deformation of a vertical pile and an inclined pile is highly close in both cases of surcharge load and uniform soil movement. When the couple effect of soil displacement and axial load occurs, settlement of an inclined pile is greater than that of a vertical pile under the same axial load, and bearing capacity of an inclined pile is smaller than that of a vertical pile. This is quite different from the case when the inclined pile is not affected by soil displacement. For inclined piles, P-Δ effect of axial load would lead to a large increase in bending moment, however, for the vertical pile, P-Δ effect of axial load can be neglected. Although the direction of inclination of piles is reverse, deformation of piles caused by uniform soil movement is totally the same. For the inclined piles discussed herein, bending moment(-8 m to-17 m under the ground) relies heavily on uniform soil movement and does not change during the process of applying axial load. When the thickness of soil is less than the pile length, the greater the thickness of soil, the larger the bending moment at lower part of the inclined pile. When the thickness of soil is larger than the pile length, bending moment at lower part of the inclined pile is zero.
基金supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program of China(No.2019YFE03040000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12075280 and 11805236)+2 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.1908085J01)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(No.2022VMB0007)Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology Program of China(No.2018-000052-73-01-001228)。
文摘A new multi-channel motional Stark effect(MSE)diagnostic system has been developed on the upgraded EAST tokamak,which was installed on the port C to observe a tangential neutral beam.A telecentric imaging lens was deployed to ensure uniform illumination from the core to the boundary.A square fiber head which contained 23 fiber bundles was mounted to this imaging lens;each fiber bundle contained 19 fibers and two of them were assigned to CXRS and BES spectrometer,respectively.The angle tuning method was used for matching the Doppler shift of theσcomponent’s wavelength which was caused by the beam voltage.At the present stage,the MSE system only contains ten channels that would be extended to 23 channels in the future,covering a measurement range from R=1.8 to R=2.27 m with a temporal resolution of 10 ms and a spatial resolution of3 cm.The polarization angle-constrained q profiles and current density profiles were reconstructed with EFIT equilibrium reconstructions.In the sawtooth discharges,the q=1 surface position was validated by the ECE signals,which further verified the rationality of the MSE measurement.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Science Technology (MEST) and Korea Industrial Technology Foundation (KOTEF) through the Human Resource Training Project for Regional Innovation
文摘IZO films were deposited onto PET substrate at room temperature with the inclined opposite target type DC magnetron sputtering equipment,in which a sintered oxide IZO target(doped with 10% ZnO,packing density of 99.99%) was used.The effects of total sputtering pressure and film thickness on IZO films properties were studied.All the films produced at room temperature have a amorphous structure,irrespective of the total sputtering pressure and film thickness.A resistivity of the order of 10-4 Ωcm was obtained for IZO films deposited at lower pressure(film thickness of 190 nm).The resistivity of IZO films deposited at room temperature depends on film thickness and shows a minimum at a thickness of 530 nm.
