Relationship Between Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Related Enzymes Activity in Pyrus pyrifolia Mantianhong and Its Bud Sports Aoguan

The aim of this article is to study the relationship between biosynthesis of anthocyanin and activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, chalcone ismoerase （CHI） enzymes in Pyrus pyrifolia. Changes in the level of anthocyanin and the activities of enzymes of anthocyanin biosynthesis including PAL, CHI were studied in the pericarp of Pyrus pyrifolia Aoguan and Mantianhong during the period of pigment formation. Bagging treatment was also carried out to manipulate the synthesis of anthocyanin and the activities of related enzymes during the period of pigment formation. The results demonstrated that the level of anthocyanin of Aoguan was higher than that of Mantianhong. However, the content of anthocyanins has the similar changing trend in Aoguan and Mantianhong, highest anthocyanin concentrations of two varieties appeared in immature fruit and faded toward harvest. Meanwhile, similar changing trends of activities of PAL and CHI were also observed in both varieties. Aoguan has a lower activity of PAL than Mantianhong, whereas activity of CHI in Aoguan was higher than that in Mantianhong. Activity of PAL decreased during the period of pigment formation and was apparently not limiting to color development, whereas CHI activity increased at the same period and was closely related to the synthesis of anthocyanin. The results of bagging treatment showed that bagging treatment inhibited the activity of CHI, as well as the synthesis of anthocyanin, whereas debagging enhanced both the activity of CHI and synthesis of anthocyanin. The activity of CHI in debagging Aoguan pericarp was higher than the untreated Aoguan. However, effect of bagging treatment toward PAL activity was not obvious. Anthocyanin of bagging treated Aoguan decreased toward harvest. The content of anthocyanin of Pyruspyrifolia increased at the beginning of fruit coloration period and decreased toward fruit harvest. Activity of PAL was apparently not limiting to color development, whereas CHI activity was closely related to the synthesis of anthocyanin. Debagging enhanced both the activity of CHI and anthocyanin synthesis. Bagging treatment also proved that degradation of anthocyanin was not induced only by light. Light appeared to have two opposing effects in pears： it is required for anthocyanin synthesis and also for apparently increasing red color loss through increased degradation of anthocyanin.

砂梨品种‘满天红’及其芽变品系‘奥冠’花青苷合成与相关酶活性研究

【目的】研究红色砂梨花青苷合成与苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和查尔酮异构酶(CHI)活性的关系。【方法】以红色砂梨‘奥冠’及其亲本‘满天红’为试材,研究果实着色过程中果皮中花青苷含量和PAL、CHI酶活性的变化,以及套袋对花青苷合成和相关酶活性的影响。【结果】在果实着色过程中,‘奥冠’花青苷含量高于‘满天红’,两个品种花青苷变化趋势基本一致,呈现先升高后下降的趋势;两品种PAL活性总体变化趋势基本一致,都呈下降趋势,且‘奥冠’PAL酶活性总体低于‘满天红’;并且,两品种CHI酶活性呈现相似的变化趋势,总体呈上升趋势;同时,‘奥冠’CHI酶活性高于‘满天红’;套袋抑制了‘奥冠’CHI酶的活性,也抑制了花青苷的合成,但对PAL酶活性的影响不明显;解袋后CHI酶活性和花青苷含量迅速上升,均超过了对照。但解袋对‘奥冠’果实PAL酶活性的影响不明显;并且,套袋‘奥冠’花青苷含量在果实成熟时下降。【结论】红色砂梨花青苷含量在果实着色早期上升,接近果实商品成熟期下降。PAL不是红色砂梨花青苷合成的关键酶,CHI与着色期砂梨花青苷含量关系密切。解袋后,‘奥冠’通过提高CHI酶的活性促进花青苷的合成。套袋试验表明:砂梨花青苷果实成熟时的降解不单是由光诱发的。光是花青苷合成的必需因素,同时又促进花青苷的降解。