Q235钢表面电镀镍及其性能的研究

在Q 235钢表面电镀镍,以提高低碳钢表面的耐蚀性和可焊接性。对碱洗、酸洗、活化等前处理工艺进行了研究,着重研究了直流电镀和脉冲电镀的工艺参数和镀镍层的性能。结果表明:直流镀镍层和脉冲镀镍层都较为均匀、致密、无明显缺陷,且脉冲镀镍层比直流镀镍层结构更加紧密;加搅拌后所得镀层的实验结果明显优于不加搅拌时所得镀层的;脉冲镀镍层的自腐蚀电位明显高于直流镀镍层的,且加搅拌后,自腐蚀电位进一步提高。

Experimental investigation on ablation characteristics of coated and uncoated steel under 30/80 μs impulse current

The ablation tests on coated and uncoated Q235 B steel sheets were conducted under 30/80 μs impulse current simulating the lightning first return stroke current, aimed at further understanding the ablation characteristics of steel and investigating the impact of anti-corrosion coating on these characteristics. Ablation characteristics were investigated through the macroscopic morphology and x-ray diffraction patterns on the surface of damaged zones, the microstructure and micro Vickers hardness on the cross-section of damaged zones, and the maximum rear-face temperature of sample sheets. It can be concluded that the ablation areas of uncoated sheet consist of the melted layer and the heat-affect layer. These ablation areas include not only the area ablated directly by the arc root, of which the depth is deeper, but also the area forming due to the splashing of molten steel, of which the depth is shallower and decreases when the area’s distance from the arc attachment point increases. For coated sheet, coating materials have decomposed and evaporated forming an ablation pit on the sheet surface, in which the steel surface is exposed, and zinc filler of coating primer has infused into the exposed surface. The ablation diameter of uncoated sheet relates to the amplitude of the 30/80 μs impulse current in quadratic function, while for coated sheet, the relation is linear. In general, under the 30/80 μs impulse current, the coating can decrease the energy injected from the arc to the steel sheet and reduce the melting and splashing of steel. As a result, the ablation severity of uncoated sheet is severer than that of coated sheet.

电镀锌镍合金技术应用研究

随着装备所在地域条件的差异化,目前磷化、氧化、镀锌等传统钢铁镀覆层技术已不能满足装备使用环境要求。为了提高市场竞争力,储备针对海洋、热带雨林等恶劣环境下的产品防护技术,研究并应用碱性锌酸盐型电镀锌镍合金新技术是非常必要的。通过开展耐蚀性好的电镀锌镍合金技术研究,采用正交试验和单因素法进行工艺参数匹配性试验研究。对不同钢铁金属材料在不同结构条件下的电镀锌镍合金工艺进行批生产验证及性能检测,为产品防护设计提供依据,最终形成钢铁金属材料锌镍合金典型工艺规范,推广应用到处于海洋气候等恶劣条件下的防护性要求高的军民品。

超疏水不锈钢网双面复合电刷镀制备法及其油水分离应用

目的采用双面复合电刷镀法制备一种超疏水不锈钢网,并实现油水分离。方法搭建双面复合电刷镀试验装置,将不锈钢网依次进行预处理、刷镀过渡镀层、刷镀工作镀层和低表面能改性处理,得到超疏水性能良好的不锈钢网。研究刷镀电压、刷镀时间、刷镀速度和刷镀温度等参数对不锈钢网微结构和润湿性的影响。借助光学接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等分析测试设备,对制备的不锈钢网的表面润湿性、微观形貌、元素组成和油水分离性能等进行测试分析。结果双面复合电刷镀工艺能够在不锈钢网表面形成均匀分布的花椰菜状微/纳米级粗糙结构,镀层的主要成分为镍,并含有微量纳米二氧化硅。在刷镀液温度为25℃、刷镀速度为8 m/min条件下,以15 V的刷镀电压刷镀3 min,超疏水不锈钢网的接触角达到159°,滚动角为7°。制备的不锈钢网具有优异的油水分离性能,对正己烷、二氯甲烷等多种油水混合物的分离效率达到95%以上,且分离纯度较高。结论采用双面复合电刷镀工艺可简单快速地获得双面超疏水不锈钢网,制备的超疏水不锈钢网能高效地分离多种油水混合物,在海洋溢油清理等领域有良好的应用前景。