Collision off-axis position dependence of relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of an excited electron in a tightly focused circular polarized laser pulse

This paper presents a novel view of the impact of electron collision off-axis positions on the dynamic properties and relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of excited electrons within tightly focused, circularly polarized laser pulses of varying intensities. We examine the effects of the transverse ponderomotive force, specifically how the deviation angle and speed of electron motion are affected by the initial off-axis position of the electron and the peak amplitude of the laser pulse. When the laser pulse intensity is low, an increase in the electron's initial off-axis distance results in reduced spatial radiation power, improved collimation, super-continuum phenomena generation, red-shifting of the spectrum's harmonic peak, and significant symmetry in the radiation radial direction. However, in contradiction to conventional understandings,when the laser pulse intensity is relatively high, the properties of the relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of the electron deviate from the central axis, changing direction in opposition to the aforementioned effects. After reaching a peak, these properties then shift again, aligning with the previous direction. The complex interplay of these effects suggests a greater nuance and intricacy in the relationship between laser pulse intensity, electron position, and scattering properties than previously thought.

High stability and low noise laser-diode end-pumped Nd:YAG ceramic passively Q-switched laser at 1123 nm based on a Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-PVA saturable absorber

We report a high repetition frequency, high power stability and low laser noise laser-diode(LD) end-pumped Nd: YAG ceramic passively Q-switched laser at 1123 nm based on a Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) film as a saturable absorber(SA). A Brewster polarizer(BP) and a birefringent crystal(BC) are incorporated to enable frequency selection and filtering for the passively Q-switched 1123 nm pulsed laser to improve the power stability and reduce the noise. When the pump power is 5.1 W, an average output power of 457.9 m W is obtained, corresponding to a repetition frequency of 1.09 MHz,a pulse width of 56 ns, a spectral line width of 0.65 nm, a power instability of ±0.92%, and a laser noise of 0.89%.The successful implementation of the “Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-PVA film passively Q-switching” combined with “frequency selection and filtering of BP + BC” technology path provides a valuable reference for developing pulsed laser with high repetition frequency, high stability and low noise.

Using Reduced Graphene Oxide to Generate Q-Switched Pulses in Er-Doped Fiber Laser

Using the reduced graphene oxide（rGO） as a saturable absorber（SA） in an Er-doped fiber（EDF） laser cavity,we obtain the Q-switching operation. The rGO SA is prepared by depositing the GO on fluorine mica（FM） using the thermal reduction method. The modulation depth of rGO/FM is measured to be 3.2%. By incorporating the rGO/FM film into the EDF laser cavity, we obtain stable Q-switched pulses. The shortest pulse duration is3.53 μs, and the maximum single pulse energy is 48.19 nJ. The long-term stability of working is well exhibited.The experimental results show that the rGO possesses potential photonics applications.

Q-switched giant pulsed erbium-doped all-fiber laser with V_(2)ZnC MAX phase saturable absorber

MXenes,drawn from MAX phases,are special two-dimensional substances with numerous advantages in nonlinear optics,specifically in giant and ultrashort pulsed-laser applications.Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and Ti_(2)CT_(x)nanosheets however rapidly deteriorate under ambient conditions,limiting their applications.This paper demonstrates how excellent modulation depth of one of the MAX phase compounds vanadium zinc carbide(V_2ZnC)makes it a brilliant saturable absorber(SA)in passively Q-switched all-fiber pulsed lasers,integrated such that a 16.73-μm V_(2)ZnC-polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)thin film acts as SA in the laser.Saturable and non-saturable absorptions were found to be 13.2%and 10.47%,while saturation optical intensity and modulation depth were 6.25 k W/cm^(2)and 12.43%,respectively,illustrating the optical nonlinearity.The superiority of MAX-PVA,fabricated in four distinct ratios,was demonstrated by the fact that it self-starts a giant pulsed laser at pump power as low as 22.5 mW and firmly accomplished 120.6 kHz repetition rate with a pulse width of 2.08μs.It is a fine SA for the use of pulsed-laser production using all-fiber laser due to fabrication simplicity and great optical,thermophysical,and mechanical qualities.

Intense Cherenkov-type terahertz electromagnetic radiation from ultrafast laser-plasma interaction

A Cherenkowtype terahertz electromagnetic radiation is revealed, which results efficiently from the collective effects in the time-domain of ultrafast pulsed electron current produced by ultrafast intense laser plasma interaction. The emitted pulse waveform and spectrum, and the dependence of laser pulse parameters on the structure of the radiation field are investigated numerically. The condition of THz radiation generation in this regime and Cherenkov geometry of the radiation field are studied analytically.

Self-synchronized multi-color Q-switched fiber laser using a parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating

We demonstrate an intracavity self-synchronized multi-color Q-switched fiber laser using a parallel-integrated fiber Bragg grating(PI-FBG), fabricated by a femtosecond laser with a point-by-point parallel inscription method. The multi-color Q-switched pulses can be always self-synchronized when the group delay differences between neighboring spectra range from-3.4 to 3.4 ps.The starting and evolution dynamics indicate that the saturable absorption effect of the carbon nanotube plays a dual role: synchronously triggering the startup of the pulse at successive colors by active Q-switching and spontaneously compensating to some extent the temporal walk-off of the multi-color pulses through the cross saturable absorption modulation. This work unveils the intracavity self-synchronization mechanism of the multi-color Q-switched pulses and also demonstrates the potential of PI-FBGs for the customizable generation of the synchronized multi-color pulse in a single cavity.

Development of gated fiber detectors for laser-induced strong electromagnetic pulse environments

With the development of laser technologies,nuclear reactions can happen in high-temperature plasma environments induced by lasers and have attracted a lot of attention from different physical disciplines.However,studies on nuclear reactions in plasma are still limited by detecting technologies.This is mainly due to the fact that extremely high electromagnetic pulses(EMPs)can also be induced when high-intensity lasers hit targets to induce plasma,and then cause dysfunction of many types of traditional detectors.Therefore,new particle detecting technologies are highly needed.In this paper,we report a recently developed gated fiber detector which can be used in harsh EMP environments.In this prototype detector,scintillating photons are coupled by fiber and then transferred to a gated photomultiplier tube which is located far away from the EMP source and shielded well.With those measures,the EMPs can be avoided which may result that the device has the capability to identify a single event of nuclear reaction products generated in laser-induced plasma from noise EMP backgrounds.This new type of detector can be widely used as a time-of-flight(TOF)detector in high-intensity laser nuclear physics experiments for detecting neutrons,photons,and other charged particles.

Experimental Study of the X-Ray Radiation Source at Approximately Constant Radiation Temperature

An X-ray radiation source with approximately constant radiation temperature is realized by irradiating golden hohlraum with a shaped laser pulse. A simple theoretical model based on power balance is used to design the shape of the drive laser pulse. Experiments are carried out on the Shenguang III prototype laser facility, and the experimentM results are presented for radiation sources with the flat-top lasting about 2.5 ns at two different peak temperatures of about 150 eV and 170 eV, respectively, including the the drive laser pulses and the time integrated possible improvements are discussed. time histories of the temperatures, the shapes of radiation spectra. The validity of the model and

THE LONG PULSE EFFECT IN FREE ELECTRON LASERS

The spontaneous radiation from a single pulse electron beam in Free Electron Lasers is dealt withby solving one-dimensional wave equations.The obtained results show that there is the long pulse effect aswell as the well-known short pulse effect.

Stimulated Emission of Gamma Photon from Ultrashort Pulse Intense Laser—Solid—Target Interaction

The efficient production of energetic γ photons is a significant physical process in the relativistic ultrashortpulse laser-plasma inducing photonuclear action. Based on the interaction of laser-solid-target, an analytical theory onstimulated γ photon emission from a hot electron firing the target-nucleus is developed by a relativistic full quantummethod. The emitting power or probability of γ photon in arbitrary space direction can be calculated for laser irradiatingsolid-target normally. It is valid only if the scatter-centre is immovable or its motion can be neglected compared withthat of the scattered electrons.

Continued Study on Hohlraum Radiation Source with Approximately Constant Radiation Temperature

An experiment was performed on the Shenguang III prototype laser facility to continue the study on hohlraum radiation source with approximately constant radiation temperature using a continuously shaped laser pulse.A radiation source with a flattop temperature of about130 e V that lasted about 5 ns was obtained.The previous analytical iteration method based on power balance and self-similar solution of ablation was modified taking into account the plasma movements and it was used to design the laser pulse shape for experiment.A comparison between experimental results and simulation is presented and better agreement was achieved using the modified method.Further improvements are discussed.

Sources of IR Radiation in the Earth’s Atmosphere in Connection with the PeTa Effect

The PeTa (Perelman-Tatartchenko) effect is the radiation of the energy of a first-order phase transition during the transition from a less condensed phase to a more condensed one. The effect was independently discovered by M. Perelman and the author of this paper. Six papers on the PeTa effect have been published in this journal over the past nine years. They are devoted to the development of PeTa models to explain the following phenomena: IR radiation from cold surfaces, cavitation luminescence/sonoluminescence (CL/SL), laser-induced bubble luminescence (LIBL), and vapor bubble luminescence (VBL) in underwater geysers. This paper describes the sources of PeTa radiation in the Earth’s atmosphere. These sources of infrared radiation have been investigated by numerous research groups, but their interpretation either does not exist at all, or it is erroneous. The following phenomena are specifically considered: PeTa radiation during the formation of clouds and fog;a pulse laser based on the PeTa radiation;condensation explosions as sources of PaTa radiation;measurement of the concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere using PeTa radiation;atmospheric scintillation of infrared radiation in the atmosphere due to the PeTa effect;PeTa radiation as a source of comfort for the igloo;the influence of PeTa radiation on living organisms;PeTa radiation due to characteristics of tropical storms;PeTa radiation as a possible precursor to earthquakes. The problem of global warming, which worries everyone, as it turns out, is also associated with the PeTa effect.

红外偏振辐射模型对铬和铜元素的优化识别

针对优化激光诱导击穿光谱技术识别铬和铜元素的问题,本文提出了一种结合红外偏振检测理论的方法。利用菲涅尔反射定律和基尔霍夫理论分析了红外偏振产生机理,根据能量守恒定律验证了目标红外自发热辐射的偏振特性;利用红外偏振辐射传输模型及菲涅尔反射穆勒矩阵,结合温度的麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布特性,推导出了等离子体红外偏振辐射信号模型,用于识别各激发能量下的重金属元素;利用5种不同能量的脉冲激光验证了模型的精准性。结果表明:在相同的激光能量下,红外偏振辐射光谱可以收集到更多的特征信号峰;在低能量激励下,红外偏振辐射光谱的优势更为突出。红外偏振辐射模型的构建是科学有效的,可用于优化重金属元素的快速检测。

High-peak-power passively Q-switched 1.3 μm Nd:YAG/V^(3+):YAG laser pumped by a pulsed laser diode

We demonstrate a high-pulse-energy, short-pulse-width passively Q-switched（PQS） Nd：YAG∕V3t：YAG laser at 1.3 μm, which is end-pumped by a pulsed laser diode. During the PQS regime, a maximum total output pulse energy of 3.3 m J is obtained under an absorbed pump pulse energy of 21.9 m J. Up to 400 μJ single-pulse energy is realized with the shortest pulse width of 6.16 ns and a pulse repetition frequency of 34.1 k Hz,corresponding to a peak power of 64.9 k W. The high-energy laser pulse is operated in the dual wavelengths of 1319 and 1338 nm, which is a potential laser source for THz generation.

共轴双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱等离子体辐射信号的增强机制

双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱(DP-LIBS)在痕量元素的高灵敏探测中发挥着重要作用,有关其信号增强机制已存在有诸多解释,但有必要进一步从等离子体辐射荧光特性、等离子体温度和数密度的空间分布等方面开展深入探讨。构建了基于激光热烧蚀和二维轴对称流体动力学的理论模型,并用它模拟了单脉冲LIBS和共轴双脉冲DP-LIBS激发条件下激光烧蚀铝镁合金产生等离子体及其辐照度的时空演化过程,对比了不同脉冲间隔下谱线强度的增强效果,分析了等离子体温度、各类粒子数密度的空间分布结构以及等离子体的屏蔽效应,并由此阐释了DP-LIBS的光谱信号增强机制。结果表明,共轴DP-LIBS诱导等离子体辐射信号的增强主要源于第二束激光增加了粒子数密度和等离子体温度,而等离子体的屏蔽效应主要出现在靶材表面的羽流层。这一研究为DP-LIBS实验研究和信号增强溯源提供了重要的理论基础,也能够帮助科研人员快速准确地优化DP-LIBS实验装置参数。

用于皮肤病激光治疗的脉冲光热辐射模型

针对皮肤病激光治疗过程中生物组织内部温度分布与形态测量困难、医生凭借经验选取治疗参数导致疗效不佳等问题,建立了利用脉冲光热辐射法(PPTR)重建皮肤结构,并智能化选取激光参数开展辅助治疗的理论模型。采用基于自定义截断参数选取方法的截断奇异值分解法、基于L曲线法选取正则化参数的Tikhonov正则化法和给定迭代次数的共轭梯度法这3种逆算法进行仿真计算,建立误差评估函数,分析对比了不同表皮层厚度、患病层厚度及深度的重建效果,同时制作皮肤仿体进行离体实验,并以此为依据开展了鲜红斑痣临床治疗的应用研究。结果表明:3种逆算法的综合性能评价指数由高到低依次为0.066、0.082、0.126,验证了其在鲜红斑痣血管层常见深度范围内的重建效果均能保持较高精度;体外实验结果和临床应用验证了所提出的PPTR模型可用于求解表皮、病变层等组织的温升分布、厚度、位置等信息,且重建结果的精度能够满足治疗需求。该模型及研究结果可为激光治疗过程中参数的选取提供定量化指导。

激光脉冲啁啾影响双色激光场诱导气体产生太赫兹辐射特性的理论研究

随着太赫兹波研究的深入,研究者们对可调控太赫兹源的需求不断增加.如何获取可调控的太赫兹波一直是太赫兹科学领域的研究热点和关键问题之一.本文通过建立双色激光诱导气体电离光丝产生太赫兹波及其后续传播过程的三维理论模型,详细研究了双色泵浦激光的啁啾参数对飞秒激光场辐射产生太赫兹波的影响.研究结果表明,在激光脉宽为飞秒量级时,以40 fs的情况为例,当啁啾参数在与激光脉宽处于相同的飞秒量级尺度上时,其对太赫兹波的振幅与频谱都产生显著影响.在双色飞秒激光场中,基频波和倍频波的啁啾各自起到不同的作用:基频波的啁啾主要影响太赫兹波的时域波形,而倍频波的啁啾则决定了太赫兹辐射的振幅大小、中心频率与频谱宽度.研究表明,激光啁啾作为一种可控的参数,对所辐射的太赫兹波属性具有多重调制效果,且相关啁啾的作用规律随双色激光的初始相位也呈现规律性变化.这些结果为研究太赫兹辐射的产生与调控提供了新的思路与依据.

A theoretical study of the signal enhancement mechanism of coaxial DP-LIBS

In the field of dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(DP-LIBS)research,the pursuit of methods for determining pulse intervals and other parameters quickly and conveniently in order to achieve optimal spectral signal enhancement is paramount.To aid researchers in identification of optimal signal enhancement conditions and more accurate interpretation of the underlying signal enhancement mechanisms,theoretical simulations of the spatiotemporal processes of coaxial DP-LIBS-induced plasma have been established in this work.Using a model based on laser ablation and two-dimensional axisymmetric fluid dynamics,plasma evolutions during aluminum–magnesium alloy laser ablation under single-pulse and coaxial dualpulse excitations have been simulated.The influences of factors,such as delay time,laser fluence,plasma temperature,and particle number density,on the DP-LIBS spectral signals are investigated.Under pulse intervals ranging from 50 to 1500 ns,the time evolutions of spectral line intensity,dual-pulse emission enhancement relative to the single-pulse results,laser irradiance,spatial distribution of plasma temperature and species number density,as well as laser irradiance shielded by plasma have been obtained.The study indicates that the main reason behind the radiation signal enhancement in coaxial DP-LIBS-induced plasma is attributed to the increased species number density and plasma temperature caused by the second laser,and it is inferred that the shielding effect of the plasma mainly occurs in the boundary layer of the stagnation point flow over the target surface.This research provides a theoretical basis for experimental research,parameter optimization,and signal enhancement tracing in DP-LIBS.

基于整形飞秒激光脉冲泵浦光电导天线的宽带太赫兹辐射研究

飞秒激光脉冲泵浦光电导天线可以产生宽带太赫兹脉冲辐射。采用具有缓慢上升--快速下降整形脉冲包络的飞秒激光脉冲与光电导天线作用产生宽带太赫兹辐射,基于Drude-Lorentz模型计算了太赫兹辐射的规律,并讨论了激光脉冲脉宽和半导体载流子寿命对太赫兹辐射产生的影响。研究结果表明,尽管这种整形飞秒激光脉冲的能量有所损失,但是这种泵浦方式能够比普通飞秒激光脉冲泵浦光电导天线产生更宽的太赫兹辐射。该结果为实验上基于光电导天线产生宽带太赫兹脉冲辐射提供了新的思路。

Q-switched pulse generation from an all-f iber distributed Bragg reflector laser using graphene as saturable absorber

A Q-switched distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser using a graphene passive saturable absorber is proposed in a cavity consisting of a fiber Bragg grating and Faraday rotator mirror as end mirrors, together with a highly doped erbium-doped fiber as a gain source. The laser has a Q-switched threshold of about 28 mW and a tunable repetition rate of 10.4-18.0 kHz with varying pump power. The shortest pulse width obtained from the system is 3.7 its, with a maximum pulse energy and peak power of 22.2 nJ and 3.4 mW, respectively.