Prevention of Q235 Steel Corrosion using Waterborne Rust Inhibitor

Sorbitol,triethanolamine,sodium benzoate,boric acid,and sodium carbonate were mixed to prepare a waterborne rust inhibitor.A temperature and humidity accelerated corrosion test was applied to investigate the corrosion behaviour of waterborne rust inhibitor coated Q235 steel and original Q235 steel,which was carried out in a temperature and humidity test chamber(WSHW-1000)at a temperature of 80℃and humidity of 95%.Compared with the original Q235,waterborne rust inhibitor coated Q235 has better resistance to corrosion in hot and humid ambient conditions.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization were measured with a three-electrode cell in 3.5%NaCl aqueous solution on a CHI760E potentiostat/galvanostat.Molecular dynamics was simulated to verify the synergistic corrosion inhibitory mechanism of sodium carbonate and triethanolamine.The test shows that the prepared waterborne rust inhibitor can reduce the tendency of Q235 to corrosion and can also effectively reduce the corrosion rate.

Corrosion of Q235 steel affected by Pseudodesulfovibrio cashew differed with electron acceptors

Sulfate and nitrate reducing bacteria are important culprits for microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC)using sulfate and nitrate as electron acceptors,respectively.Sulfate and nitrate hold different standard electrode potentials,which may lead to differences in corrosion,but their effects on corrosion by the same bacteria have not been reported.The corrosion of Q235 steel affected by Pseudodesulfovibrio cashew(P.cashew)in the sulfate and nitrate media under carbon starvation was studied.It was found that sulfate and nitrate did not lead to differences in corrosion under abiotic conditions.However,P.cashew promoted corrosion in both cases,and the consumption of H_(2)was the main mechanism for MIC.In addition,corrosion was more severe in the sulfate media.The higher corrosivity of P.cashew with sulfate as the electron acceptor is closely related to the higher number of sessile cells in the biofilm,higher bacterial motility,more hydrogen production pathways,and the increased gene expression of enzymes related to energy synthesis.

Simulated Corrosion Test of Q235 Steel in Diatomite Soil

Through the study of the corrosion behavior of Q235 steel in actual Yingtan soil and two simulated acidic soils with different water contents, the calculation of corrosion mass losses, and the analysis of the corrosion mor- phologies and products by means of scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）, the results demonstrated that the diatomite soil could simulate the corrosion in actual soil veritably. In both actual soil and simu- lated soil with 16.4% water content, the corrosion rates of Q235 steel were approximately 0.1 mm/a, the corrosion morphologies were mainly extension and connection of corrosion spots on sample surface, and the corrosion products were composed of a-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, Fe3 O4 and Fe2O3. When other media conditions remained unchanged, the corrosion area of Q235 steel was larger in simulated soil with 34.5 % water content, and the corrosion rate reached 0.48 mm/a after 360 h of corrosion, which was nearly 5 times as the value in actual soil. Compared with the corro- sion products in actual soil, the proportion of γ-FeOOH in simulated soil with 34.5 % water content was higher, and the wα-FeOOH/wγ-FeOOH ratio was 1. 4, which was only 1/3 of the value in actual soil.

Elasto-Plastic Test of Q235 Steel Bending Beam With Cracking Resistance

More than 30 bending beams with rectangular cross-section and different thicknesses and heights were pre- pared from Q295 steel. The specimen dimensions were about 240 mm （length） × 60 mm （height） ×70 mm （thick ness）. Flaws were cut along its middle line with a wire cutter, with lengths ranging from 6 to 35 mm. Each specimen was tested with three-point bend loading, and a process curve was obtained between load and the displacement of the loading point, in order to analyze the fracture process when opening the crack. A deformation near the prefabricated crack was observed in the testing period, and the variation of the fracture characteristic parameters was analyzed for different sizes. For a comprehensive understanding of carbon steel fracture resistance behavior, its elasticity and plas- ticity were established by determining its Young＇s modulus and Poisson＇s ratio with an optical strain gauge. This gauge was also used for the loading process test. It was found that the fracture toughness varied with the dimensions, and the toughness of the elastic limit loading was almost constant. Using the relationship of crack resistance stress intensity factor and fracture criterion, the bearing capacity of the material structure could be estimated, which shows a good agreement with the experimental test data.

Deformation Uniformity of Cold-Rolled Q235 Steel Rebar by FEM in Bending and Rolling Processes

An analytic model based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA has been developed on the cold rolling process for Q235 steel rebar with 12 mm in diameter. The elastic-plastic finite element method (FEM) and the cold deformation resistance model of Q235 steel were adopted in this model. Deformation uniformity of the final product has been analyzed using this model. The results indicate that the uniformity of the final product is obtained only as the centerline of the bending rolls is vertical to the centerline of the driven roll and parallel to the centerline of the drive roll in the whole rolling process. Besides, the number of the bending rolls must even realize the continuous bending and reverse bending process. Also, the number of the bending rolls must match the deformation degree of the workpiece in the cold rolling process. The validity of this finite element model was verified by the size and distribution of grains from the billet to the rebar in a practical cold rolling process.

Adsorption Activity and Molecular Dynamics Study on Anti-corrosion Mechanism of Q235 Steel

The correlation between inhibition efficiency and molecular structures of the inhibitor during hydrochloric acid corrosion of Q235 steel was studied by quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics（MD） simulation. The proton affmity（PA） calculations demonstrated that 2-（quinolin-2-yl）quinazolin4（3H）-one inhibitor has the ten- dency to be protonated in hydrochloric acid, which was in good agreement with experimental observations. Besides, quantum chemical parameters revealed that the protonated corrosion inhibitor molecules were more easily adsorbed on Q235 steel surface and improved the corrosion resistance of steel. MD simulations were implemented to search for the adsorption behavior of this molecule on Fe （110） surface, which might be used as a convenient tool for estimating the interaction mechanism between inhibitor and iron surface.

Inhibition roles of molybdate and borate on Q235 steel corrosion in resistance reducing agent

The effects of Na_(2)MoO_(4) and Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7) on corrosion behavior of Q235 steel in resistance reducing agent(RRA)containing sodium bentonite were studied by mass loss,scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical measurement.The results showed that both the independent and mixed additions of Na_(2)MoO_(4) and/or Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7),can reduce the corrosion rate of Q235 steel in RRA containing sodium bentonite.And the inhibition effect of Na_(2)MoO_(4) and/or Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7)increased with their dosage increase.With the same dosage,the inhibition efficiency of the mixed addition of Na_(2)MoO_(4) and Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7),was higher than that of their independent addition.The passivation effect of Q235 steel was easy to obtain in the RRA with the mixed addition of Na_(2)MoO_(4) and Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7).The optimized inhibitor for the RRA containing sodium bentonite was the mixture of Na_(2)B_(4)O_(7) and Na_(2)MoO_(4) with a total concentration of 1.5 wt.%.Furthermore,the increase in corrosion potential E_(corr) and the decrease in corrosion current density i_(cor) in carbon steel were one of the important criteria for the formation of passivation film.

Corrosion-fatigue evaluation in Q235A steel using nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves

This paper presents a non-destrcutive evaluation method for the evolution of corrosion fatigue of Q235A steel. Specimen surface degradation due to corrosion fatigue from the combined interaction of corrosion and cyclic loading leads to harmonic generation during Rayleigh wave propagation along the specimen surface,which allows for an early prediction of material fatigue life. The relative nonlinearity parameter β as an evaluation parameter,which is denoted as a ratio of fundamental and second-order harmonic amplitudes,is measured by using an experimental platform based on a pair of wedge transducers to launch and receive Rayleigh wave signal. Subjected to an immersion corrosion method with 10% NaCl solution and a 20 Hz cyclic loading,a corrosion-fatigue specimen was made,and its relative nonlinearity parameter was measured every 10 5 cycles until to 7 ×10^5 cycles. A measured curve of relative nonlinearity parameter versus fatigue load cycles,which is produced by surface degradation of specimen corrosion fatigue,showed an initial steady trend followed by a rapid increase. Experimental results demonstrate that corrosion fatigue results in the sudden destruction of a Q235A steel specimen and nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves measurement technique can be used to quantitatively characterize fatigue life of Q235A steel.

Research on acoustic emission characteristics of local corrosion on Q235 steel

To solve the problem of corrosion acoustic emission （AE） source feature extraction and recognition, the AE detection validation and the amplitude-frequency characteristics were derived in theory. The amplitude of AE signal generated by bubble burst is proportional to its radius square and the liquid level, while the AE signal frequency is inversely proportional to the bubble radius. The AE signal amplitude of the steel and the steel corrosion product cracking is proportional to the local stress, and the AE signal frequency is proportional to the crack propagation velocity and inversely proportional to the crack propagation distance. Three Q235 specimens were separately immersed in the solution of 10% FeC13.6H20, 5% CuSOa.5H20 and 10% FeC13.6H20 with 0.01 mol/L HCL. The AE systems with high frequency and low frequency were used to detect the whole corrosion process AE signals. The AE signals of Q235 steel and the steel corrosion products cracking were detected as the verification experiment. The AE signals from different sources could be distinguished by AE hits count and the power spectrum. It is coincident with theoretical analysis. These conclusions have significant guidance for the corrosion detection and evaluation by on-line acoustic emission detecting.

SS304和Q235异种钢搅拌摩擦焊接头腐蚀有限元模拟

针对异种金属焊接接头易于发生电偶腐蚀,基于腐蚀电化学原理,将动电位极化曲线参数和金相组织面积比例等作为边界条件,采用有限元分析软件COMSOL对Q235低碳钢和304不锈钢(SS304)异种钢FSW接头不同区域腐蚀行为进行了预测,研究了焊接接头不同区域宏观和微观电偶腐蚀电位分布和电流密度的变化规律。结果表明,在宏观电偶腐蚀中,腐蚀深度的最大值位于SS304后退侧(RS_(304))与搅拌区(SZ)的交界处,约为Q235低碳钢母材(BM_(Q235))的5倍,各区电流密度随腐蚀时间的增长而增大,在微观电偶腐蚀中,腐蚀深度的最大值位于SS304侧搅拌区(SZ_(304))与Q235侧搅拌区(SZ_(Q235))的交界处,约为BM_(Q235)的1.2倍,并且珠光体组织面积比例越大,耐蚀性越差。采用该有限元模型可以预测异种钢搅拌摩擦焊接头不同区域的腐蚀行为。

Corrosion behavior and electrochemical property of Q235A steel in treated water containing halide ions(F^-, Cl^-) from nonferrous industry

The corrosion behaviors and electrochemical properties of Q235 A steel in the treated water containing corrosive halide anions(F-, Cl-) have been investigated with corrosion tests of static coupon and dynamic coupon testing, electrochemical measurement of open-circuit potential and linear sweep voltammetry. The results reveal that the existence of F-and Cl-ions in the simulated treated water accelerate the corrosion rate of Q235 A steel. The corrosion rate reaches maximum with F-concentration of 50 mg/L, Cl-concentration of 200 mg/L, respectively. However, Q235 A steel would passivate when an applied potential is added to the system. Meanwhile, the initiating passive potential becomes positive with F-, Cl-concentration increasing. There is a little influence of F-, Cl-concentration on the initiating passivation current density. Therefore, it is necessary to control F-, Cl-concentration in the treated water when it is recycled by the pipelines made of Q235 A steel.

直流杂散电流对Q235钢在红壤中腐蚀行为的影响

在模拟直流电流干扰下,研究了接地材料Q235钢在江西红壤环境中的对地电位变化规律以及腐蚀行为,采用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析了试样表面腐蚀产物的形貌及组成,并将初始电位偏移量和稳定电位偏移量与失重法获得的腐蚀速率进行了拟合。结果表明:在不同电流密度的直流电流干扰下,阳极对地电位先下降后缓慢升高,最后趋于稳定;直流干扰下试样表面呈现局部腐蚀的特征,腐蚀产物分层、疏松且易脱落,其主要成分为Fe2O3、FeOOH;初始电位偏移量及稳定电位偏移量均与实测的腐蚀速率呈线性关系。试验条件下通过测量阳极对地电位可间接预测Q235钢接地材料的腐蚀速率。

Effect of Surface Nanocrystallization on Cr-Rare Earth-Boriding for Steel Q235 at Low-Temperature

A nanostructured layer was fabricated on the surface of steel Q235 by using fast multiple rotation rolling( FMRR). The Cr-Rare earth-boriding process was carried out followed at different temperatures.Experimental results showed that the thickness of the boride layer was significantly increased by surface nanocrystallization. The morphology of the boride layer was saw-toothed. An uniform,continuous and dense boride layer was obtained and adhered well to the substrate. The penetrating speed of FMRR specimens was enhanced by 1.9,1.7 and 1.5 times when the Cr-Rare earth-boriding temperature was 843,873 and 923 K.Severe plastic deformation,which grain size was approximately 100 nm,was observed on steel Q235 surface.Mechanism of Cr-Rare earth-boriding was also studied.

基于ACFM的Q235钢表面裂纹检测与特征重构研究

为保障管线安全,研究Q235钢常规裂纹特征,针对裂纹量化和重构精度不高等问题,探究Q235钢常规裂纹的特征重构方法。建立ACFM有限元仿真模型,通过仿真分析常规裂纹的长度和深度特征量的分布规律。结果表明:用三点插值法可确定波峰及波谷的相对位置,通过自适应拟合算法建立了裂纹长度和深度的重构方程;最后试验验证长度特征检测误差为5.98%,深度特征检测误差为3.86%。

高温后Q235钢材浸水冷却后的残余力学性能试验研究

对高温后Q235钢浸水冷却后的力学性能进行了试验研究。首先将试件分别加热到500、600、700、900℃以模拟不同温度的火灾,再将高温试件浸水冷却至常温,然后对试件进行拉伸试验,观察浸水冷却条件下Q235钢材的拉伸断裂特征,并获得其应力-应变关系曲线及主要残余力学性能参数。通过试验结果分析讨论了浸水冷却条件下,火灾温度对Q235钢材力学性能的影响规律。同时,基于已有研究成果,对高温后浸水冷却条件下Q235、Q345和Q355三种强度等级接近钢材的残余力学性能受火灾温度的影响情况进行了对比分析。最后,结合试验研究结果,建议了Q235钢在20~900℃浸水冷却后屈服强度、抗拉强度等力学性能参数随火灾温度变化的预测方程,为采用水灭火后Q235钢材的残余力学性能评估提供帮助。

疏浚用Q235钢和高锰钢冲刷腐蚀机理研究

目的对比传统疏浚用Q235钢和新型高锰奥氏体钢的冲刷腐蚀行为,分析2种钢冲刷腐蚀耦合损伤机理。方法利用射流喷射装置分别对Q235钢和高锰钢的纯磨损和冲刷腐蚀行为进行研究,采用电化学阻抗和质量损失测量方法对冲刷腐蚀耦合分量进行解耦,最后结合形貌表征分析冲刷腐蚀耦合损伤机理。结果纯磨损结果显示,在高流速沙砾冲击下,Q235钢和高锰钢都有较高的损失,Q235钢的纯磨损速率是高锰钢的2倍。冲刷腐蚀结果显示,Q235钢冲刷腐蚀总损失速率大于高锰钢的2倍,2种钢的冲刷腐蚀损失中磨损都占据了主导地位,Q235钢腐蚀加速磨损速率占据总损失速率的25.9%,大于高锰钢所占比例18.3%。结论通过对比分析2种钢宏观和微观损伤形貌,发现虽然高锰钢的硬度远高于Q235钢,但其变形能力同样很高,这使得高锰钢拥有比Q235钢更优异的抗磨性能。此外,Cr和Al元素的添加也进一步提升了高锰钢的抗腐蚀性能,最终使得高锰钢的抗冲蚀性能也远优于Q235钢。

6-DAS/DMIC对Q235钢在甲醇甲酸介质中的缓蚀协同作用

目的研究6-脱氢枞酰胺基己酸钠和1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐作为复配缓蚀剂对Q235钢在甲醇甲酸腐蚀溶液的协同缓蚀作用。方法通过静态失重法、电化学极化测试和电化学阻抗法,结合SEM、EDX、AFM等一系列表面表征技术验证了复配缓蚀剂的性能与行为,同时利用软件模拟计算缓蚀剂分子的轨道排布与分子动力学,揭示分子结构与缓蚀性能间的联系。结果该复配缓蚀剂能够抑制Q235钢在甲醇甲酸介质中的腐蚀过程,降低腐蚀速率。缓蚀效率随复配比的提高而增大。在复配比为6-DAS∶DMIC=1∶8时,失重法测得缓蚀效率最高达到93.98%;通过电化学法获得的缓蚀效率最高达到92.32%,并且通过电位的移动证明其为控制阳极过程的混合型缓蚀剂。表征技术表明,该复配缓蚀剂能有效吸附并在钢表面形成一层缓蚀分子膜层,其可以隔绝腐蚀介质与金属的接触,保护基底金属免受介质的腐蚀。结论该复配缓蚀剂能够有效降低腐蚀介质对Q235钢的侵蚀作用,实验数据与表征技术相互吻合,证明了该复配缓蚀剂是一种优良的有机缓蚀剂。研究结果为后续开发更高效的绿色缓蚀剂提供了思路和方法。

石楠叶提取物在盐酸中对Q235钢的缓蚀行为研究

为获得环保、高效的绿色缓蚀剂,通过蒸馏水加热回流制备了石楠叶提取物(PTF)。采用电化学测试、失重试验、扫描电子显微镜等方法,研究了PTF对Q235钢在1 mol/L盐酸中的缓蚀性能。结果表明,PTF作为一种混合型缓蚀剂能有效抑制Q235钢在盐酸介质中的腐蚀;缓蚀效率随PTF浓度增加而增大,随溶液温度升高而降低,在293 K、浓度为4 g/L时,PTF的缓蚀效率可达87.99%。吸附等温模型研究结果说明,PTF能自发地通过物理作用在Q235钢表面吸附,且符合Langmuir单层吸附模型。

Q235钢在某地区土壤环境中的长期腐蚀行为

目的为了获得Q235钢长期土壤腐蚀数据,在某地区开展土壤埋藏试验,用于积累Q235钢长周期腐蚀数据,为实际埋地相关工程提供数据服务,为相关标准制定提供数据支持。方法采用腐蚀失重测量、宏观形貌观察、SEM、EDS、XRD、电化学测试等分析手段对某地区埋藏30年的Q235钢的腐蚀行为进行分析。结果Q235钢板表面腐蚀形式为均匀腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀和点蚀;平均腐蚀失重速率为1.7658 g/(dm^(2)·a),平均腐蚀深度速率为0.0226 mm/a,最大点蚀深度为1.59 mm;腐蚀产物EDS分析结果为Fe、O、C 3种元素,XRD分析结果表明,主要物相为FeO、Fe_(2)O_(3)、α-FeOOH、FeCO_(3)、γ-FeOOH及底层量未转化的δ-FeOOH,腐蚀产物层结构不完整,内部有较多的缺陷和裂纹;电化学测试的带锈样腐蚀速率明显低于除锈后试样的腐蚀速率,说明腐蚀产物对金属基体有一定的保护作用。结论在埋地Q235钢板的腐蚀过程中,缝隙腐蚀和点蚀占有较大比例,对腐蚀失重速率贡献明显;开展某地区土壤环境中地下工程完整性评估和环境适应性评估时,可参照本文腐蚀数据进行。

Q235钢和热镀锌钢在棕壤土环境中的腐蚀行为研究

为研究接地网设备常用金属材料Q235钢和热镀锌钢在棕壤土环境中的初期土壤腐蚀行为,在湖北襄阳地区选取东津、乔营站内外共4个土壤腐蚀实验点进行实验,采用宏观形貌分析、微观形貌分析、腐蚀产物分析和电化学测试等手段进行试样分析。形貌分析结果表明,襄阳土壤环境中碳钢试样腐蚀1 a后表面为非均匀腐蚀,可见明显的麻坑状腐蚀坑,镀锌钢材料未见明显红锈且表面镀锌层未被破坏。腐蚀产物分析表明,襄阳地区棕壤土为高含水率的碱性土壤,Q235钢土壤埋地试样1 a后表面锈层的主要成分铁氧化物和微量的SiO_(2),镀锌钢表面腐蚀产物主要为锌氧化物和微量SiO_(2)。腐蚀速率与土壤理化性质相关性分析结果表明,在襄阳土壤环境中,2种试样土壤腐蚀速率与土壤理化性质均呈正相关,其中土壤pH值对土壤腐蚀速率影响最为显著。电化学结果表明,镀锌钢表面镀锌层为基材提供良好的保护性,镀锌钢的腐蚀电流密度较Q235钢小1~2个数量级。综上,在襄阳地区棕壤土环境中镀锌钢材料较Q235钢材料表现出更为优异的耐蚀性,值得注意的是,该地区土壤pH值显著影响镀锌钢材料的土壤腐蚀速率。