Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks Via Regular Low Density Parity Check Matrix

A great challenge faced by wireless sensor networks(WSNs) is to reduce energy consumption of sensor nodes. Fortunately, the data gathering via random sensing can save energy of sensor nodes. Nevertheless, its randomness and density usually result in difficult implementations, high computation complexity and large storage spaces in practical settings. So the deterministic sparse sensing matrices are desired in some situations. However,it is difficult to guarantee the performance of deterministic sensing matrix by the acknowledged metrics. In this paper, we construct a class of deterministic sparse sensing matrices with statistical versions of restricted isometry property(St RIP) via regular low density parity check(RLDPC) matrices. The key idea of our construction is to achieve small mutual coherence of the matrices by confining the column weights of RLDPC matrices such that St RIP is satisfied. Besides, we prove that the constructed sensing matrices have the same scale of measurement numbers as the dense measurements. We also propose a data gathering method based on RLDPC matrix. Experimental results verify that the constructed sensing matrices have better reconstruction performance, compared to the Gaussian, Bernoulli, and CSLDPC matrices. And we also verify that the data gathering via RLDPC matrix can reduce energy consumption of WSNs.

Implementation of low-density parity-check codes decoder for CCSDS standard

The complexity/performance balanced decoder for low-density parity-check （LDPC） codes is preferred in practical wireless communication systems. A low complexity LDPC decoder for the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems （CCSDS） standard is achieved in DSP. An ap- proximate decoding algorithm, normalized rain-sum algorithm, is used in the implementation for its low amounts of computation. To reduce the performance loss caused by the approximation, the pa- rameters of the normalized min-sum algorithm are determined by calculating and finding the mini- mum value of thresholds through density evolution. The minimum value which indicates the best per- formance of the decoding algorithm is corresponding with the optimized parameters. In implementa- tion, the memory cost is saved by decomposing the parity-check matrix into submatrices to store and the computation of passing message in decoding is accelerated by using the intrinsic function of DSP. The performance of the decoder with optimized factors is simulated and compared with the ideal BP decoder. The result shows they have about the same performance.

Low-Complexity Optimization Algorithm for Irregular Low-Density Parity-Check Codes

A low-complexity algorithm is proposed in this paper in order to optimize irregular low-density parity-check （LDPC） codes.The algorithm proposed can calculate the noise threshold by means of a one-dimensional density evolution and search the optimal degree profiles with fast-convergence differential evolution,so that it has a lower complexity and a faster convergence speed.Simulation resuits show that the irregular LDPC codes optimized by the presented algorithm can also perform better than Turbo codes at moderate block length even with less computation cost.

DESIGN OF LOW-DENSITY PARITY CHECK CODES FOR MIMO SYSTEMS WITH DOUBLY-ITERATIVE RECEIVERS

In this paper, the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) doubly-iterative receiver which consists of the Probabilistic Data Association detector (PDA) and Low-Density Parity-Check Code (LDPC) decoder is developed. The receiver performs two iterative decoding loops. In the outer loop, the soft information is exchanged between the PDA detector and the LDPC decoder. In the inner loop, it is exchanged between variable node and check node decoders inside the LDPC decoder. On the light of the Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart technique, an LDPC code degree profile optimization algorithm is developed for the doubly-iterative receiver. Simulation results show the doubly-receiver with optimized irregular LDPC code can have a better performance than the one with the regular one.

Low-Density Parity-Check Codes: Research Status and Development Direction

In this paper, we conclude five kinds of methods for construction of the regular low-density parity matrix H and three kinds of methods for the construction of irregular low-density parity-check matrix H. Through the analysis of the code rate and parameters of these eight kinds of structures, we find that the construction of low-density parity-check matrix tends to be more flexible and the parameter variability is enhanced. We propose that the current development cost should be lower with the progress of electronic technology and we need research on more practical Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (LDPC). Combined with the application of the quantum distribution key, we urgently need to explore the research direction of relevant theories and technologies of LDPC codes in other fields of quantum information in the future.

基于Golomb Ruler的QC-LDPC码构造方法

针对准循环低密度奇偶校验(QC-LDPC)码中短环结构会影响其纠错性能的问题,基于Golomb Ruler提出了一种新颖的围长为8的QC-LDPC码构造方法。该方法先根据码长码率的需求,从Golomb Ruler中选择部分元素构造一个集合,结合指数矩阵中元素所在位置的四六环特性,通过搜索算法,依次找出符合无四六环条件的元素得到另一个集合,然后构造相应的指数矩阵,最后得到其奇偶校验矩阵。仿真结果表明:在误码率为10^(-6)时,所构造的GR-QC-LDPC码与同码率码长的其他4种QC-LDPC码的码型相比,其净编码增益均有一定的提高,且无明显错误平层现象。

无小环大列重QC-LDPC短码的显式构造

针对列重较大的无4环且无6环的准循环(Quasi-Cyclic,QC)低密度奇偶校验(Low-Density Parity-Check,LDPC)码,本文提出了三种新的显式构造方法.新方法的指数矩阵由两个整数序列完全定义,其中第一个序列是从0开始且公差为1的等差序列,第二个序列是由符合最大公约数约束的整数组成的特殊序列.对于现有显式方法只能提供较大循环块尺寸的多种行重类型,新显式构造方法在这些行重类型下均获得了相当小的循环块尺寸,从而将最小循环块尺寸降低到大约只有原来的一半.与近期提出的基于搜索的对称结构法相比,新的显式构造方法具有类似或更优的译码性能、极低的描述复杂度且不需要计算机搜索.

基于双序列反序的(4,L)规则girth-8 QC-LDPC短码

围长较大的短码长准循环(QC)低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码的显式构造对于QC-LDPC短码的理论研究与工程应用具有重要意义。首先提出一种基于成对策略的贪婪搜索算法,并根据此算法在列重J为4时的经验结果,归纳总结出一种具有双序列反序特征的指数矩阵。随后证明了该指数矩阵对于任意行重L均对应于围长为8的QC-LDPC码。与现有的典型显式构造方法即最大公约数(GCD)方法相比,新QC-LDPC码提供的码长显著降低。最后,将指数矩阵的拆分拼接和掩膜处理技巧与新QC-LDPC码结合起来,设计出了译码性能在高信噪比区超过5G NR LDPC码的合成码。

基于Stanley序列的QC-LDPC码新颖构造方法

针对准循环低密度奇偶校验(quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check,QC-LDPC)码的短环结构会严重影响码字纠错性能的问题,基于Stanley序列(Stanley sequence,SS)提出一种围长至少为8的QC-LDPC码新颖构造方法。从Stanley序列中选取某些特定元素构成一个呈递增关系的集合,利用穷举算法搜索出满足无环4和环6条件的元素得到另一个递增集合,构造相应的指数矩阵,得到其奇偶校验矩阵。仿真结果表明,在误码率(bit error rate,BER)为10-6时,所构造的SS-QC-LDPC码与同码率码长的其他QC-LDPC码码型相比,其净编码增益均有一定提升,因而其纠错性能较好,且无错误平层现象。此外,该构造方法的计算复杂度较低。

基于原模图的8环QC-LDPC码构造方法

针对当前准循环低密度奇偶校验(Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check,QC-LDPC)码存在短环及纠错性能不够好的问题,基于原模图提出一种新颖的QC-LDPC码构造方法。该方法选择码长码率可灵活调整的原模图作为基矩阵,再结合具有特殊性质的卢卡斯数列和等差数列,通过原模图的低译码门限和数列的特殊性质,构造校验矩阵环长至少为8,且所需存储空间少,易于硬件实现。仿真结果表明:该方法构造的PLA-QC-LDPC(2400,1200)码与同等码长码率中基于卢卡斯数列和最大公约数序列的可快速编码的非规则LG-QC-LDPC码、基于素数和乘法表构造的PM-QC-LDPC码以及基于原模图和消除基本陷阱集的非规则PL-QC-LDPC码相比,净编码增益均有一定程度的提高。

DESIGN OF QUASI-CYCLIC LDPC CODES BASED ON EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRIES

A new method for constructing Quasi-Cyclic (QC) Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes based on Euclidean Geometry (EG) is presented. The proposed method results in a class of QC-LDPC codes with girth of at least 6 and the designed codes perform very close to the Shannon limit with iterative decoding. Simulations show that the designed QC-LDPC codes have almost the same performance with the existing EG-LDPC codes.

基于CPM的双对角结构QC-LDPC码在水声信道的性能研究

为提高水声通信系统的可靠性,提出一种基于循环置换矩阵(Circulent Permutation Matrix,CPM)的双对角结构准循环LDPC码(Quasi Cyclic-Low Density Parity Check,QC-LDPC)的构造方法。首先设计阈值满足要求的双对角结构QCLDPC码基矩阵,其次通过优化算法优化循环移位矩阵的循环移位系数,最后通过CPM方法构造出最终的双对角结构QC-LDPC码校验矩阵。仿真结果表明,通过该方法构造的QC-LDPC码相比于随机构造的QC-LDPC码有明显的性能提升,能够有效降低编译码复杂度,且在误码率降至10-5时无明显错误平层。

基于可靠度差值特征的自适应判决多元LDPC译码算法

利用变量节点符号可靠度在迭代过程中的分布特征,提出了一种基于可靠度差值特征的自适应判决多元低密度奇偶校验(Low Density Parity Check, LDPC)译码算法。整个迭代过程划分为两个阶段,针对不同阶段节点可靠度的差值特征分别采用不同的判决策略:前期阶段,采用传统的基于最大可靠度的判决策略;后期阶段,根据最大、次大可靠度之间的差值特征,设计自适应的码元符号判决策略。仿真结果表明,所提算法在相当的译码复杂度前提下,能获得0.15~0.4 dB的性能增益。同时,对于列重较小的LDPC码,具有更低的译码错误平层。

基于帧交错的LDPC译码器流水结构设计

低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)的译码器通常采用基于节点置信度更新迭代的算法,这种算法可以并行实现,具有非常高的吞吐量。在此提出了一种具有高硬件利用效率(HUE)的帧交错译码结构,并提供了一种用于层内节点重排序的动态规划方法,解决内存访问冲突问题。与现有的结构相比,该结构可以实现更高的硬件利用效率。

空间耦合低密度奇偶校验码残差滑窗译码算法

针对空间耦合低密度奇偶校验(SC-LDPC)码滑窗译码(SWD)算法中错误传播导致的高误码率问题,该文提出基于动态残差的滑窗译码(RSWD)算法。通过在窗口内计算边信息更新前后的残差值,动态选择可靠度最低(残差值最大)的边信息优先更新,降低边信息无效更新的频率,提高窗内译码收敛速度。仿真结果表明:相比于传统SWD算法,RSWD算法在窗口中各位置的误比特数明显降低,抑制错误传播效果明显;在高信噪比(SNR)区域或者低迭代次数的情况下,RSWD算法的误码率性能优于SWD算法;此外,将动态残差应用到消息复用(MR)和窗口扩展(WE)两种窗译码算法中,亦能得到类似结论,提升窗译码性能。

基于阿贝尔群上的差分集构造LDPC码

本文给出了区组长度为3、4和5的平衡不完全区组设计,将设计的关联矩阵作为校验矩阵,从而构造出3种低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC,low-density parity-check code)。由于这些校验矩阵是准循环矩阵,所以构造的码是拟循环LDPC码(QC-LDPC,quasi-cyclic LDPC)。计算码的相关参数,并针对具体的例子通过与类随机码的译码性能进行分析比较,结果显示,所构造的码具有较好的性能。

高阶调制下物理层网络编码与OFDM联合设计

物理层网络编码(Physical-layer Network Coding,PNC)因其可以在中继通信中大幅提高吞吐量而备受关注。为了进一步提高传输效率,减少多径的影响,在三节点双向无线PNC系统中引入16QAM-OFDM高阶调制技术,设计了16QAMOFDM-PNC通信系统。由于采用16QAM-OFDM高阶调制的PNC系统存在中继映射模糊的问题,对16QAM信号的星座点重新布局,设计出相应的中继解调映射规则。为了进一步提高系统性能,在该设计中引入低密度奇偶校验码(Low Density Parity Check Code,LDPC),设计了相应的译码映射算法。最后实验表明,上述设计相较于16QAM-PNC系统具有更好的系统性能,同时联合LDPC编码的设计能提高系统增益约2dB。

天基信息传输高效低复杂度LDPC译码算法研究

军事卫星通信由于需满足信息实时性、传输速率高、通信容量大以及符合星间链路信道的时变特性等要求,通常采用高编码增益、高吞吐量的信道编码方案。低密度奇偶校验(Low-Density Parity-Check,LDPC)码由于具备接近Shannon极限的优异纠错性能和可并行计算的特性成为卫星通信主导信道编码标准之一。目前卫星通信接收机的译码器模块设计仍存在诸如无法实时在线判断迭代停止、系统吞吐量受限、大量判决电路影响核心译码电路的低功耗和实时性等问题。考虑上述问题,以因子图模型为基础,针对空间数据系统咨询委员会(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,CCSDS)标准深空通信码型,将校验节点归一化满足概率进化图案与LDPC译码器状态紧密耦合,给出可实时在线判断迭代停止的最优停止准则,实现高性能、低复杂度的停止准则译码算法设计。当优先考虑高吞吐量时,误码率(Bit Error Rate,BER)性能退化0.13 dB,中低信噪比平均迭代次数(Average Number of Iteration,ANI)降低50%以上;当优先考虑纠错性能时,BER性能仅退化0.02 dB,同时大幅降低ANI。该译码算法为高效低复杂度LDPC译码器设计提供有效解决方案。

Girth-8(3,L)-规则QC-LDPC码的一种确定性构造方法

对于围长(girth)至少为8的低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码,目前的绝大多数构造方法都需要借助于计算机搜索。受贪婪构造算法启发,该文利用完全确定的方式构造出一类围长为8的(3,L)-规则QC-LDPC码。这类QC-LDPC码的校验矩阵由3×L个P×P的循环置换矩阵构成。对于任意整数P≥3L2/4,这类校验矩阵的围长均为8。

利用大衍数列构造QC-LDPC码的方法

提出了一种基于大衍数列构造准循环低密度校验码的方法.该方法利用大衍数列固定项差对应的值单调递增的特点,构造出的校验矩阵不含有长度为4的环,具有准循环结构,节省了校验矩阵的存储空间.仿真表明,取10-5误码率,在高斯白噪声信道和瑞利衰落信道下,基于大衍数列构造的准循环低密度奇偶校验(QC-LDPC)码比基于斐波那契数列构造的QC-LDPC码有接近1dB的增益;在高斯白噪声信道下,基于大衍数列构造的QC-LDPC码比阵列低密度奇偶校验码有接近3dB的增益.