A generic framework for qualifications of digital twins in maintenance

Digital twins have emerged as a promising technology for maintenance applications,enabling organizations to simulate and monitor physical assets to improve their performance.In Operation and Maintenance(O&M),digital twin facilitates the diagnosis and prognosis of critical assets,forming the basis for smart maintenance planning and reducing downtime.However,there is a lack of standardized approaches for the qualifications of digital twins in maintenance,leading to low trustworthiness and limiting its application.This paper proposes a novel framework for the qualifications of digital twins in maintenance based on five pillars,namely fidelity,smartness,timeliness,integration,and standard compliance.We demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework through two case studies,showing how it can be implemented on digital twins for preventive maintenance and condition-based maintenance.Our proposed framework can help organizations across different industrial domains develop and implement digital twins in maintenance more effectively and efficiently,leading to significant benefits in terms of cost reduction,performance improvement,and sustainability.

THE TANGENT CONES ON CONSTRAINT QUALIFICATIONS IN OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

This article proposes a few tangent cones,which are relative to the constraint qualifications of optimization problems.With the upper and lower directional derivatives of an objective function,the characteristics of cones on the constraint qualifications are presented.The interrelations among the constraint qualifications,a few cones involved, and level sets of upper and lower directional derivatives are derived.

CONSTRAINT QUALIFICATIONS AND DUAL PROBLEMS FOR QUASI-DIFFERENTIABLE PROGRAMMING

In classical nonlinear programming, it is a general method of developing optimality conditions that a nonlinear programming problem is linearized as a linear programming problem by using first order approximations of the functions at a given feasible point. The linearized procedure for differentiable nonlinear programming problems can be naturally generalized to the quasi differential case. As in classical case so called constraint qualifications have to be imposed on the constraint functions to guarantee that for a given local minimizer of the original problem the nullvector is an optimal solution of the corresponding 'quasilinearized' problem. In this paper, constraint qualifications for inequality constrained quasi differentiable programming problems of type min {f(x)|g(x)≤0} are considered, where f and g are qusidifferentiable functions in the sense of Demyanov. Various constraint qualifications for this problem are presented and a new one is proposed. The relations among these conditions are investigated. Moreover, a Wolf dual problem for this problem is introduced, and the corresponding dual theorems are given.

Publication behaviour and(dis)qualification of chief editors in Turkish national Social Sciences journals

Purpose:This study investigated the publication behaviour of 573 chief editors managing 432 Social Sciences journals in Turkey.Direct inquiries into editorial qualifications are rare,and this research aims to shed light on editors’scientific leadership capabilities.Design/methodology/approach:This study contrasts insider publication behaviour in national journals with international articles in journals indexed by the Web of Science(WOS)and Scopus.It argues that editors demonstrating a consistent ability to publish in competitive WOS and Scopus indexed journals signal high qualifications,while editors with persistent insider behaviour and strong local orientation signal low qualification.Scientific leadership capability is measured by first-authored publications.Correlation and various regression tests are conducted to identify significant determinants of publication behaviour.Findings:International publications are rare and concentrated on a few individuals,while insider publications are endemic and constitute nearly 40%of all national articles.Editors publish 3.2 insider papers and 8.1 national papers for every SSCI article.62%(58%)of the editors have no SSCI(Scopus)article,53%(63%)do not have a single lead-authored WOS(Scopus)article,and 89%publish at least one insider paper.Only a minority consistently publish in international journals;a fifth of the editors have three or more SSCI publications,and a quarter have three or more Scopus articles.Editors with foreign Ph.D.degrees are the most qualified and internationally oriented,whereas non-mobile editors are the most underqualified and underperform other editors by every measure.Illustrating the overall lack of qualification,nearly half of the professor editors and the majority of the WOS and Scopus indexed journal editors have no record of SSCI or Scopus publications.Research limitations:This research relies on local settings that encourage national publications at the expense of international journals.Findings should be evaluated in light of this setting and bearing in mind that narrow localities are more prone to peer favouritism.Practical implications:Incompetent and nepotistic editors pose an imminent threat to Turkish national literature.A lasting solution would likely include the dismissal and replacement of unqualified editors,as well as delisting and closure of dozens of journals that operate in questionable ways and serve little scientific purpose.Originality/value:To my knowledge,this is the first study to document the publication behaviour of national journal chief editors.

Clinical-DNA Correlates of Anxiety in Patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Introduction: Anxiety disorders have a lifetime prevalence of 34% with a similar level of heritability (31%) yet lack objective markers that could differentiate patients with underlying conditions. Up to 60%-70% of patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have anxiety that meets criteria of generalized anxiety disorder, their clinical-DNA findings worth examining as biomarkers for patients with generalized anxiety. Method: Of the 1899 patients diagnosed with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 1261 were systematically evaluated for 80 history and 40 physical findings and separated into 826 who reported anxiety and 435 who did not. The most consistently reported or management-directing 60 of these clinical findings were, along with variations in genes relevant to these disorders, examined for association with anxiety. Results: Among the 30 anxiety- associated findings judged most predictive of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in patients with anxiety were expected ones of adrenergic stimulation (difficulty concentrating-87% frequency and 1.26 anxiety/no anxiety ratio;chronic fatigue-84%, 1.17;sleep issues 69%, 1.52 that are criteria for generalized anxiety disorder) or of cholinergic suppression (e.g., frequent nausea 64%, 1.26). Less associated but more discriminating for underlying disease were those reflective of neuromuscular impact (e.g., chronic daily headaches 76%, 1.12);hypermobility (e.g., awareness of flexibility 72%, 1.03), or skin changes (e.g., elasticity around jaw 71%, 1.06). Anxiety-associated DNA variants included 54 of 88 in collagen type I/V/VII/IX genes, 14 of 16 in sodium channel SCN9A/10A/ 11A genes, 59 of 85 in POLG/MT-DNA genes, and 21 of 28 in profilaggrin- FLG genes that respectively impacted tissue laxity, sensory neural, autonomic-mitochondrial, and autonomic-inflammatory functions. Conclusion: Analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome selected some 50 clinical-DNA findings useful for its diagnosis in those with generalized anxiety disorders.

Design on Model-based Visualization System for Civil Aircraft Airborne Equipment Identification Test

To meet the needs of complex system equipment testing and realize the visual management of different test projects,this article establishes a test project management system based on the actual situation of aviation equipment testing system and the concept of big data,using visual data management and analysis techniques.This system solves the comprehensive management of multi-type test projects.Combined with the actual engineering verification process,it can be found that the system can realize the visual management of test projects and effectively ensure the smooth completion of the identification test project of a certain type of aircraft′s complex system.

Higher Vocational and Professional Higher Education Qualifications in the European Level 5 Area——A basis for more international cooperation

The'European Level 5 Area'(EL5A)is a relatively new concept for Europe,giving an excellent opportunity to link the sectors for Vocational Education and Training(VET)and Higher Education(HE)to each other.Then it is about looking at qualifications at level 5 of the European Qualifications Framework(EQF)for Lifelong Learning and using them

Women Prove Theil Mayoral Qualifications

OF the 517 large and small cities in the country, more than 300 have women mayors and vice mayors. These women play an important role in the construction and development of their cities. Ordinary Chinese people like to call their local officials "father-and- mother officials," but these

On Basic Constraint Qualifications for Infinite System of Convex Inequalities in Banach Spaces

The BCQ and the Abadie CQ for infinite systems of convex inequalities in Banach spaces are characterized in terms of the upper semi-continuity of the convex cones generated by the subdifferentials of active convex functions. Some relationships with other constraint qualifications such as the CPLV and the Slate condition are also studied. Applications in best approximation theory are provided.

英、澳、美中高职衔接课程体系的构建及对我国的借鉴

英国通过资格与学分框架(QCF)实现了中高职课程体系衔接,澳大利亚通过TAFE课程的开发实现中高职课程体系的衔接,美国通过职业生涯与技术教育课程实现中高职课程体系衔接。他们在中高职衔接的课程开发制度、科学的课程开发依据和系统的课程开发流程、注重职业教育课程的职业导向性以及强调文化课与专业课衔接、教育和劳动力市场需求衔接的诸多做法值得我国借鉴。

Challenges and Demands for College English Teachers Raised by Training All-round Qualified Persons

The latest issue of College English Curriculum Requirements has posed challenges and demands for teachers in terms of linguistic competence, academic knowledge, language skills, professional morality, emotional and attitudinal qualifications, etc., which requires teachers to embrace and handle with active and open-minded responses. Hence, teachers ought to strive to develop and improve their own overall qualifications in collaboration with the long-term development of the subject and of the national higher education, with the need of qualified persons demanded by social development and the students＇ learning. Teachers also ought to form a notion of scientific development by keeping pace with the time, so as to discern the trend of subject development, to form appropriate judgments concerning the social development and to properly regulate their own development.

采用反吹、微流控技术分析原油中的轻烃组分

利用程序升温蒸发进样器、反吹技术和微流控装置分析原油中的C5-C13轻烃组分，用一根HPPONA色谱柱分离，同时得到保留时间相同的火焰离子化检测信号和质谱检测信号，为原油中轻烃组分的色谱定性提供了新的有力工具。该方法中所用的色谱柱使用寿命长，分离效果好，对平湖4井油样中C5～C13馏分的分离得到了可用质谱定性的峰约290个（尚有不少混合峰存在），较难分离的物质对t-1，2-二甲基环戊烷与2-乙基戊烷得到了较好的分离，2-乙基戊烷峰得到非常好的质谱图，是目前研究原油中轻烃组分分析的有效手段。同时应用微流控装置后可在质谱仪不停机的条件下更换色谱柱。

A Note on the Guignard Constraint Qualification and the Guignard Regularity Condition in Vector Optimization

Some remarks are made on the use of the Abadie constraint qualification, the Guignard constraint qualifications and the Guignard regularity condition in obtaining weak and strong Kuhn-Tucker type optimality conditions in differentiable vector optimization problems.

On the Second Order Optimality Conditions for Optimization Problems with Inequality Constraints

A nonlinear optimization problem (P) with inequality constraints can be converted into a new optimization problem (PE) with equality constraints only. This is a Valentine method for finite dimensional optimization. We review second order optimality conditions for (PE) in connection with those of (P). A strictly complementary slackness condition can be made to get the property that sufficient optimality conditions for (P) imply the same property for (PE). We give some new results (see Theorems 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3) .Without any assumption, a counterexample is given to show that these conditions are not equivalent.

对应框架:欧洲与中国资格的一一对应(英文)

Both Ireland and the European Union use a framework of qualifications as a means of charting and describing the level of ability demonstrated by individuals in specific domains.Europe's frameworks are outcome based,identifying individuals by the level of ability they have demonstrated to assessors,and as such provide a useful means of mapping pathways through education for students,across a whole career or lifetime.Additionally,the framework serves as a communication tool,whereby institutions,students,employers or indeed countries can use a common vocabulary to discuss the achievements and abilities of individuals.We describe in brief the qualifications frameworks used in both China and Europe,and ask whether the European Qualifications Framework could serve as a communication tool between China and Europe.

The Importance of Mentoring in Nursing Academia

Mentoring in academia promotes the retention of students and future faculty. Presently, it is general knowledge that we have a shortage of nurses in our profession. However, we also have a shortage of experientially qualified educators and mentors. In general, the problem is there is a lack of mentors in healthcare as a whole that have the ability or willingness to mentor future generations of faculty. Mentors are needed to pass on knowledge and promote retention of students and faculty in academia. The example we present to the students in healthcare professions will also impact the retention of healthcare faculty as a whole. It is logical to think that if we retain our students in academia, we also retain future experientially qualified faculty in academia. How we mentor one another as a novice and seasoned faculty can impact what students see and learn as well from us. A literature review of 46 articles was completed and 19 of the articles were used as references in this article, along with a few more relevant references. The articles from the literature review showed evidence of positive mentoring experiences lead to the retention of students, future mentees, and mentors in nursing academia.

Lack of Skills of Human Resources in the Machine Construction Industry

The paper summarises the results of a questionnaire survey that took place in January 2015 in order to assess the current and prospective standard of the qualification of human resources in machine construction companies in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire survey included 23 small machine construction companies （less than 50 employees）, 24 medium-sized machine construction companies （50-249 employees）, and 53 larger machine construction companies （250 and more employees）. The results of the survey indicated that almost one half （43%） of respondent machine construction company top management members planned to hire new employees this year. In addition, 50% of them confirmed their endeavour to keep the current headcount and a mere 7% of them specified problems that would lead to the dismissal of employees. However, what is bothering machine construction top management members is the lack of qualifications and practical experience of job seekers they have to deal with. The intention of the authors is to define the main reasons and propose possible solutions of this problem within human resource management in machine construction companies.

Human Capital Management： A South African Perspective

In keeping with the need for skills development and increased demand by business for more robust systems to develop staff, innovative ways for the development of human capital would need to be found. The current role of workplace learning would need to align to job and qualification requirements. Organisations would need to explore the development of Corporate Qualifications Frameworks to quantity skills needs. In the process, attention has to be paid to creat contextual awareness as well as a sense of purpose for learners. In essence, an integrated educational model that should be more flexible, more adaptable, and more effective, serving the needs of society at large should be considered. Care should be taken to build frameworks and models that address both the productive needs of organisations, whilst at the same time, ensuring the engagement of individuals. These frameworks should entice the employee to participate in a self-development process that benifits the organisation. Corporates should address the aspirations of individuals and plan more rewarding careers for staff. Employees should have a clear path for development and growth. Through collective effort, all particpants would benefit.

Guignard’s Constraint Qualification (GCQ) and Multiobjective Optimisation Problems

Investigation of optimality conditions has been one of the most interesting topics in the theory of multiobjective optimisation problems (MOP). To derive necessary optimality conditions of MOP, we consider assumptions called constraints qualifications. It is recognised that Guignard Constraint Qualification (GCQ) is the most efficient and general assumption for scalar objective optimisation problems;however, GCQ does not ensure Karush-Kuhn Tucker (KKT) necessary conditions for multiobjective optimisation problems. In this paper, we investigate the reasons behind that GCQ are not allowed to derive KKT conditions in multiobjective optimisation problems. Furthermore, we propose additional assumptions that allow one to use GCQ to derive necessary conditions for multiobjective optimisation problems. Finally, we also include sufficient conditions for multiobjective optimisation problems.

Main Steps for Radiopharmaceuticals Hot Cells Validation in Accordance with GMP Requirements：Methodology and Practical Guide

The worldwide GMP （Good Manufacturing Practices） guidelines issued for injectable pharmaceuticals globally agree thatthe vials filling operation must be performed under air cleanliness Grade A. The air cleanliness classifications adopted by the WHO（World Health Organization） define the particle diameter size, the sampling occupancy state and the limit concentration of viableparticles. To reach conformity regarding the microbial limits foreseen at the GMP guidelines, a microbiological monitoring programmust be stablished for selected sampling points such as active air sampling, passive air sampling （settle plate method）, surfacessampling （contact method）, personnel sampling （gloves and clothes）, compressed gas, materials and equipment that may interfere andcompromise the product microbiological quality. The key elements for a GMP certification are directly related to a qualification andvalidation program for radiopharmaceutical manufacturers that must be clearly defined and documented by a validation master plan,foreseen by the manufactures Quality Assurance office. This study describes each qualification step and test for DQ （DesignQualification）, IQ （Installation Qualification）, OQ （Operation Qualification） and PQ （Performance Qualification） that must be carriedout and carefully planned when it comes to hot cells and isolator systems in accordance with the GMP requirements foreseen byinternational regulatory and supervisory bodies.