Effects of Chai-Qin-Cheng-Qi Decoction on cefotaxime in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis

AIM:To investigate the effect of Chai-Qin-Cheng-Qi Decoction(CQCQD)on cefotaxime(CTX)concentration in pancreas of rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS:Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into an ANP group(ANP model +CTX,n=20),treatment group(ANP model+CTX +CQCQD,n=20)and control group(normal rats+ CTX,n=20).ANP models were induced by retrograde intraductal injection of 3.5%sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg),and the control group was injected intraductally with normal saline.All rats were injected introperitoneally with 0.42 g/kg CTX(at 12-h intervals for a continuous 72 h)at 6 h after intraductal injection. Meanwhile,the treatment group received CQCQD (20 mL/kg)intragastrically at 8-h intervals,and the ANP and control group were treated intragastrically with normal saline.At 15 min after the last CTX injection,blood and pancreas samples were collected for the determination of CTX concentration using validated high-performance liquid chromatography. Pathological changes and wet-to-dry-weight(W/D) ratio of pancreatic tissue were examined. RESULTS:Serum CTX concentrations in three groups were not significantly different.Pancreatic CTXconcentration and penetration ratio were lower in ANP group vs control group(4.4±0.6μg/mL vs 18.6± 1.7μg/mL,P=0.000;5%vs 19%,P=0.000),but significantly higher in treatment group vs ANP group (6.4±1.7μg/mL vs 4.4±0.6μg/mL,P=0.020;7% vs 5%,P=0.048).The histological scores and W/D ratio were significantly decreased in treatment group vs ANP and control group. CONCLUSION:CQCQD might have a promotive effect on CTX concentration in pancreatic tissues of rats with ANP.

Effect of combined therapy of Yinchenhao Chengqi decoction and endoscopic sphincterotomy for endotoxemia in acute cholangitis

AIM To evaluate the therapeutic mechanism of Yinchenhao Chengqi (YCHCQ) decoction (containing mainly Herba Artemisia capillaris) combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for endotoxemia (ETM) in acute cholangitis.METHODS Twenty-one cases of acute cholangitis with ETM were divided randomly into two groups: group A, 10 patients treated with YCHCQ decoction combined with EST, group B, 11 patients treated with EST. The incidence rate of ETM, plasmic ET, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), complement C3 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were studied respectively.RESULTS The ET level of group A (35.92ng/L±8.30ng/L) was significantly reduced after 7 days of treatment (P＜0.05) in contrast to that of group B (47.8ng/L±11.62ng/L), so did the level of MDA and CRP. But the SOD activity and C3 level in group A increased significantly (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION YCHCQ decoction combined with EST had a beneficial effect for ETM in acute cholangitis.INTRODUCTIONEndotoxemia (ETM) is one of the most important physiopathologic causes of acute cholangitis and it is the trigger of cytokines and inflammatory factors. In recent studies it has been found that Yinchenhao Chengqi (YCHCQ) decoction has a beneficial effect on ETM in acute cholangitis. With the development of endoscopic surgery, endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) has become an effective replacement for some operations in the treatment of acute cholangitis[1]. The effect of YCHCQ decoction combined with EST on ET, oxygen free radical and complement C3 was observed in order to find out its therapeutic mechanism.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction in the liver of rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM To explore the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction (DCQD) in the liver of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) based on an herbal recipe tissue pharmacology hypothesis. METHODS Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group (SOG); a model group (MG); and low-, median- and high-dose treatment groups (LDG, MDG, and HDG, respectively). Different dosages (6, 12 and 24 g/kg for the LDG, MDG, and HDG, respectively) of DCQD were administered to the rats with SAP. The tissue concentrations of aloeemodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, honokiol, rheo chrysophanol, magnolol, hesperidin, naringenin and naringin in the liver of the treated rats were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum, inflammatory mediators in the liver and pathological scores were evaluated. RESULTS The major components of DCQD were detected in the liver, and their concentrations increased dose-dependently. The high dose of DCQD showed a maximal effect in ameliorating the pathological damages, decreasing the pro-inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin (IL)-6 and increasing anti-inflammatory mediators IL-4 and IL-10 in the liver. The pathological scores in the pancreas for the MG were significantly higher than those for the SOG (P < 0.05). DCQD could reduce the pathological scores in the pancreas and liver of the rats with SAP, especially in the HDG. Compared to the SOG, the ALT and AST levels in serum were higher in the MG (P < 0.05), while there was no statistical difference in the MG and HDG. CONCLUSION DCQD could alleviate liver damage by altering the inflammatory response in rats with SAP based on the liver distribution of its components.

Optimal timing for the oral administration of DaCheng-Qi decoction based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic targeting of the pancreas in rats with acute pancreatitis

AIM To identify the optimal oral dosing time of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction(DCQD) in rats with acute pancreatitis(AP) based on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters.METHODS First, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a sham-operated group [NG(a)] and three model groups [4 h G(a), 12 h G(a) and 24 h G(a)]. The NG(a) and model groups were administered DCQD(10 g/kg.BW) intragastrically at 4 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively, after AP models induced by 3% sodium taurocholate. Plasma samples were collected from the tails at 10 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after a single dosing with DCQD. Plasma and pancreatic tissue concentrations of the major components of DCQD were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. The pharmacokinetic parameters and serum amylase were detected and compared. Second, rats were divided into a sham-operated group [NG(b)] and three treatment groups [4 h G(b), 12 h G(b) and 24 h G(b)] with three corresponding control groups [MG(b)s]. Blood and pancreatic tissues were collected 24 h after a single dosing with DCQD. Serum amylase, inflammatory cytokines and pathological scores of pancreatic tissues were detected and compared.RESULTS The concentrations of emodin, naringin, honokiol, naringenin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol and rheochrysidin in the 12 h G(a) group were higher than those in the 4 h G(a) group in the pancreatic tissues(P < 0.05). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration values(AUC0→t) for rhein, chrysophanol, magnolol and naringin in the 12 h G(a) group were larger than those in the 4 h G(a) or 24 h G(a) groups. The 12 h G(a) group had a higher Cmax than the other two model groups. The IL-10 levels in the 12 h G(b) and 24 h G(b) groups were higher than in the MG(b)s(96.55 ± 7.84 vs 77.46 ± 7.42, 251.22 ± 16.15 vs 99.72 ± 4.7 respectively, P < 0.05), while in the 24 h G(b) group, the IL-10 level was higher than in the other two treatment groups(251.22 ± 16.15 vs 154.41 ± 12.09/96.55 ± 7.84, P < 0.05). The IL-6 levels displayed a decrease in the 4 h G(b) and 12 h G(b) groups compared to theMG(b)s(89.99 ± 4.61 vs 147.91 ± 4.36, 90.82 ± 5.34 vs 171.44 ± 13.43, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Late-time dosing may have higher concentrations of the most major components of DCQD, with better pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiinflammation than early-time dosing, which showed the late time to be the optimal dosing time of DCQD for AP.

Variety regulation research of the Anthraquinone in San Cheng Qi Tang compound prescribe compatibility of medicines

The purpose is to research compound prescribe compatibility of medicines have some influence on anthraquinone which is the gentleman medicine CRC’s valid composition dissolution rate in San Cheng Qi Tang.The method:Adopting respectively RP-HPLC and colorimetric method,measure the content of liberation3-methylchrysazin and 3-methylchrysazin and combined 3-methylchrysazin and 3-methylchrysazin total liberation anthraquinone and total combined anthraquinone in the different decoction water liquid coming from single CRC the different decoction and compatibility of medicines method of San Cheng Qi Tang.The result: Compared with CRC single flavor decoction water,liberation anthraquinone and combined anthraquinone content show differently in the most decoction water liquid,Combined 3-methylchrysazin and combined anthraquinone content in decoction prescribe as follows in proper order decrease:Da Cheng Qi Tang > Xiao San Cheng Qi Tang > Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang.The conclusion :Because CRC mate with different medicine material .different decoction method,liberation anthraquinone and combined anthraquinone content in San Cheng Qi Tang change.The combined 3-methylchrysazin and combined anthraquinon content variety order in accordance with its decanta bottom function.

“起承转合”与“正反合”的比较

“起承转合”是中国传统的章法学术语,而“正反合”是德国古典哲学的概念。前者是文法形式,后者是思想形式。两者在具体的运用过程中,都试图不断地提高其普遍性的价值,但也都遭遇到不同的质疑和批判。对两者进行比较,进而发现其共同的问题,从而在理论思考方面有所推进,这是非常必要的。无论是“起承转合”还是“正反合”,都是人类特定认识阶段的思想总结的产物。它们作为一种“形式”的局限性本源于人类自身的局限性,也因此,我们讲论“形式”的时候,总是遭遇有限性的问题。与此同时,它们之间也并没有向对方过渡或转化的态势,这种现象耐人寻味。

大承气汤在妇科单孔腹腔镜手术后快速康复的临床应用效果研究

目的探究对异位妊娠患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜患侧输卵管切除术后应用大承气汤治疗的临床效果.方法回顾性分析并收集淮安市妇幼保健院妇科2022年1月1日—2023年12月31日纳入符合研究标准的75例异位妊娠患者行经脐单孔腹腔镜下患侧输卵管切除术,其中对照组43例,观察组32例,术后予行大承气汤口服治疗,对比分析2组术后情况.结果两组患者一般资料年龄、体质量指数、孕产次、既往腹部手术史(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义.观察组患者术后首次下床活动时间、术后最高体温、术后第1天白细胞计数和中性粒细胞比例与对照组相比(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义.观察组患者肛门首次排气时间、首次排便时间、饮食正常恢复时间、术后第1天视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分均显著少于对照组,术后第1天超敏C反应蛋白数值高于对照组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义.两组患者术后并发症的比较(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义.结论异位妊娠患者行单孔腹腔镜下患侧输卵管切除术后应用大承气汤治疗可以明显推进患者术后康复进程,值得在临床上推广.

四磨汤合承气汤辅助常规西医在老年便秘型肠易激综合征中的应用效果及安全性

目的:分析为老年便秘型肠易激综合征患者提供四磨汤合承气汤辅助常规西医治疗的临床意义。方法:选取2022年3月—2023年6月惠东县人民医院收治的60例老年便秘型肠易激综合征患者作为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各30例。对观察组患者采用四磨汤合承气汤辅助常规西医治疗干预,对照组患者采用常规西医治疗,对比两组患者经不同治疗后的差异性情况。结果:观察组患者的中医证候积分控制情况、治疗效果、临床指征以及相关指标改善情况等均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用四磨汤合承气汤辅助常规西医治疗老年便秘型肠易激综合征患者,有助于改善患者的临床指征以及相关指标,治疗效果理想。

加味桃仁承气汤对机械通气相关性肺损伤大鼠细胞自噬的影响

目的 探究加味桃仁承气汤通过腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路对机械通气相关性肺损伤(VILI)大鼠细胞自噬的影响。方法 将60只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、模型组(Model组)、加味桃仁承气汤低剂量组(中药-L组,2.85 g/kg)、加味桃仁承气汤高剂量组(中药-H组,8.55 g/kg)和加味桃仁承气汤高剂量+AMPK抑制剂Compound C组(中药-H+CC组,加味桃仁承气汤8.55 g/kg+Compound C 250μg/kg),每组12只。于插管即刻和机械通气1 h、2 h与4 h时测定氧合指数(OI)。机械通气结束后收集肺泡灌洗液(BALF),酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测BALF中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-18水平;处死大鼠,取肺组织测定湿/干重(W/D)比值;HE染色观察各组大鼠肺组织病理学改变并进行肺损伤评分;透射电镜观察肺泡上皮细胞形态。RT-qPCR检测大鼠肺组织中的AMPK、mTORC1 mRNA表达水平;Western blot检测大鼠肺组织中AMPK、p-AMPK、mTORC1、p-mTORC1和自噬相关蛋白的表达情况。结果 与Sham组相比,Model组大鼠肺组织病理损伤严重,肺W/D、BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-18水平、肺损伤评分、mTORC1 mRNA表达水平、pmTORC1蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);机械通气2 h、4 h时OI,肺组织AMPK mRNA表达水平,p-AMPK、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ、Beclin-1蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。与Model组相比,中药-H组大鼠肺组织病理损伤减轻,相关指标的变化趋势与上述相反(P<0.05),肺泡上皮细胞自噬小体增多。Compound C减弱了加味桃仁承气汤对VILI大鼠的保护作用(P<0.05)。结论 加味桃仁承气汤可能通过激活AMPK/mTOR信号通路促进细胞自噬,减轻大鼠VILI。

吴澄文气论的理论创新

元代理学大儒吴澄颇重游艺之事,并显露出圣贤多能之气象。他习惯于以理学思辨为根据阐发文学艺术之见解,因此其文艺思想具有内在的哲学逻辑。他不仅推崇以气论文,而且由全体贯通的天地之气分解出时代气运、地方土气和作者才气等多重序列,并最终归结到气质之性上来,整个过程浑然邃密。不过,吴澄并不是“气本论”主张者,他坚持“理在气中”的学术立场和“理主气辅”的文艺观念,认为气是构成万物的最初质素,理才是气得以如此的依据。如此,则气运和土风通过作者的才性气质发挥作用,作者也可通过积学明理的变化气质之功突破气运和土风的笼罩,此即时地因素影响文艺的机制与局限。基于对理气关系这一根本问题的认知,吴澄在文艺批评实践中构建了内涵丰富而体系圆融的文气思想,不仅将中国古代文气命题推进到新的境界,也对当下的文学地理学构建具有重要借鉴意义。

理学思维下吴澄的文艺本体论与文道观

关于吴澄的文艺本体论问题学界已有不少论述,但就目前的主流研究来看似乎仍值得商榷。鉴于其在文气批评方面的理论成就,大多数学者将其视为气本论者。其实不然,我们应以吴澄的理学思维来理解其文艺观念。从万物构成的角度来说,“理在气中”是其哲学本体观的概括表达,准确理解应是气为本原而理为本体。正是基于此一理学命题,他提出了“理主气辅”的著名文论观点,其中作为主宰的“理”依然是比“气”更为重要的一个范畴。唯有如此,作家才可通过积学明理变化气质,从而突破先天才气之局限和外界不良风气之侵袭,这也为其文艺复古理想提供了学理依据。“理主气辅”之中亦蕴含着文道贯一之思想,因此他主张为文当先闻道,文儒如此,释道亦然。与前辈理学家相比,吴澄文道观念的推导逻辑和阐释边界皆有自己的特色,对其文艺本体论及文道观的探讨启发我们,研究中国文论须遵循中国之“道”。

程丑夫论治慢性疲劳综合征经验

总结程丑夫教授从脾胃气虚湿热论治慢性疲劳综合征的经验。程教授认为,疲劳综合征作为一种慢性疾病,与脾、胃病变的产生有着紧密联系。慢性疲劳综合征的病理因素主要为湿、热,两者合而内生,侵犯脏腑,以致气机升降失调,故临床可见气虚湿困证、气虚内热证。程教授临证多采用升阳益胃汤、知柏益气汤、香砂六君子汤加减治疗本病。

《上博九·成王为城濮之行》中两个疑难字平议

《成王为城濮之行》中有两个争议较大的疑难字,第一个字作、■、■、■,第二个字作■、■,如何隶定,学术界争议颇多。其中第一个字■与■、■可能本不同字,前者释为“受”,后两个字也有可能释为“■”,读为“治”。■、■可能释为“■”,读为“睽”。另外,免盘(《集成》10161)中■右下所从可能为■(从廾,甾声)字异体,作声符。■可能读为“载”,用为量词。

LC-MS／MS法研究大承气汤与其君药大黄物质基础间的相关性

目的:从物质基础角度研究大承气汤与其君药大黄间的相关性。方法:采用高效液相色谱/串联质谱联用技术(LC-MS/MS)分析中药经典方剂大承气汤及其君药大黄水提液,研究两者化学成分间的相关性并对主要成分进行结构鉴定和推测。采用Zorbax SB C18色谱柱,0.2%甲酸-甲醇-乙腈三元梯度洗脱,ESI离子源,负离子模式下采集数据。结果:从大承气汤中共发现75个成分源于其君药大黄,经与标准品比对可确定其中9个;利用提取离子流技术(EIC)并结合质谱裂解规律可初步推测其中22个成分的结构。结论:大黄单煎剂中的主要成分在大承气汤中均有所体现;LC-MS/MS技术为中药方剂物质基础溯源、鉴定,方剂与单味药间的相关性研究提供了一种快速准确的方法。

承气方剂对肠屏障功能保护作用的实验研究

目的 :实验观察MODS不同治疗方法对肠屏障功能的影响。 方法 :利用大鼠MODS动物模型 ,随机分为正常对照组、MODS模型组、承气方剂治疗组、抗生素治疗组、谷氨酰胺组。以与肠屏障功能有关的实验室指标及病理形态学指标进行检测和观察。 结果 :承气方剂治疗明显提高MODS大鼠肠组织二胺氧化酶 (DAO)含量 (P <0 0 5 )、降低血中内皮素 (ET)含量 (P <0 0 1)、提高肠粘膜组织蛋白含量 (P <0 0 5 )、提高肠内容sIgA含量 (P <0 0 1) ,降低肠组织中NO和iNOS水平 (P <0 0 1) ;病理形态学观察显示全身主要脏器病理形态学结构明显改善 ,维持肠粘膜层、基底膜纤维结构于正常。抗生素治疗组上述指标结果较差。 结论 :承气方剂对肠屏障功能具有保护作用 ,通过对肠屏障的保护发挥防治MODS的药效学作用。

重症急性胰腺炎大鼠促炎抗炎细胞因子的动态变化及大承气汤的调节作用

目的:研究重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠促炎抗炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1、IL-10不同时间点的动态变化及大黄复方的调节作用,探讨大承气汤治疗SAP的作用机制。方法:采用胰胆管逆行注射5%牛磺胆酸钠法建立大鼠SAP模型。将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、SAP模型组和大承气汤治疗组,观察各组不同时间点血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-10水平。结果:SAP模型组与假手术组比较,血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-1水平均明显升高(P<0.01),IL-10水平降低(P<0.01),TNF-α/IL-10比值降低;大承气汤治疗组与SAP比较,血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、IL-1水平明显降低(P<0.01),IL-10水平不同程度上升(P<0.05,P<0.01),TNF-α/IL-10比值回复接近假手术组水平。结论:大承气汤治疗SAP的作用机制可能通过下调IL-1、TNF-α等促炎细胞因子的释放,并一定程度提高抗炎细胞因子IL-10水平,重建促炎和抗炎细胞因子的平衡,进而减轻组织损伤,阻止SAP的进一步发展。

大承气汤对脑出血模型大鼠mNSS评分及Nrf2信号通路的影响

目的探讨大承气汤对脑出血大鼠模型的作用及机制。方法使用胶原酶Ⅶ于SD大鼠左侧尾壳核立体定位注射,复制脑出血模型,用低、高剂量大承气汤干预后,采用神经功能缺损评分、普鲁士蓝染色法检测大鼠脑出血后1、3、7、14、28d时神经功能缺损和脑组织铁沉积的变化,用Western blot法检测脑出血后14d基底核Nrf2、TNF-α和Arg1的表达水平。结果高剂量大承气汤能有效逆转大鼠脑出血后神经功能受损,减少铁沉积,并下调基底核TNF-α和Nrf2水平,伴Arg1水平上升。结论大承气汤通过Nrf2介导的信号通路改善脑出血后神经功能缺损、减少脑组织铁沉积、促进抗炎性因子Arg1释放和抑制促炎性因子TNF-α释放,从而促进脑出血后脑组织恢复而发挥神经保护作用。

大承气汤冲剂术后早期使用的临床观察

目的 :观察大承气汤冲剂术后早期使用促进肠功能早期恢复 ,提高围手术期治疗效果的作用。 方法 :选择上腹部手术病人 10 0例 ,随机分为中药组和对照组。中药组在术后 1～ 3d给予大承气汤冲剂 ,从术后肠音恢复时间、排气、排便和进食时间、肺通气功能和血氧饱和度变化、血浆内毒素及胃动素变化等指标进行了观察。 结果 :术后早期在没有禁忌症条件下 ,服用大承气汤冲剂 ,使进食和排便时间提前 ,加快术后的恢复 ,同时肺功能SaO2 和FEV1 0 (%PRED)也得到改善 ,促进血浆内毒素水平早期下降及胃动素水平提高等。 结论 :术后早期使用大承气汤冲剂具有提高围手术期治疗效果 。

大承气汤对急性胃肠损伤患者免疫功能影响的临床评价

目的:研究通腑中药大承气汤对AGI患者的治疗作用及对机体免疫功能的影响。方法:将69例AGI患者随机分为2组,对照组40例,单纯采用一般对症、补液支持治疗;观察组29例,在对照组治疗的基础上加用口服/灌肠大承气汤汤剂,分别比较治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群、NK活性、WBC及CRP、PCT、IL-6的改变,并进行APACHEⅡ评分。结果:治疗2周后2组胃肠功能均较前改善,观察组恢复更为迅速(P<0.01);2组经治疗后APACHEⅡ评分较治疗前均有下降(P<0.05),与对照组比较,治疗组评分下降更显著(P<0.01),治疗2周后,观察组NK、CD3^+、CD4^+细胞计数明显升高,CD8^+细胞计数减少,CD4^+/CD8^+比值明显升高,差异有统计学意义;治疗后观察组WBC、CRP、PCT、IL-6表达水平较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义。对照组经治疗后CD3^+、CD4^+细胞数表达下降,而CD8^+细胞数相对增加,CD4^+/CD8^+比值降低;WBC总数、CRP、PCT、IL-6较与治疗前相比,无显著差异。结论:以大承气汤为代表的"通腑法"对AGI患者有较好的通腑逐邪作用,并能通过逐邪来固护正气,恢复机体的免疫功能,提高临床疗效。