Development of Villages in the Southern Dynasties under the Qi-Liang Culture

In the history of the development of Chinese culture, the Six Dynasties culture occupies an important position. Among them, Qi-Liang culture has achieved prosperous development in the fields of art, literature, science and technology, and is an important organic part of the Six Dynasties culture. The Southern Dynasty is an important historical stage in the development of villages in China. Taking Qi-Liang culture as the background, the scale, economy and organizational form of villages in the Southern Dynasty are studied. It is concluded that Qi-Liang culture has a positive and negative impacts on the development of villages in the Southern Dynasty, with a view to providing reference for the protection and utilization of ancient villages and culture.

Case Records as Medical Stories: A Song-dynasty Doctor’s Narration of His Own Medicine-Xu Shuwei (1080-1154)

The key point in studying or teaching the history of Chinese medicine is on the doctrines underlying it and on its perception of the body,physiology,pathology,and its treatment.Namely,there is often a tendency to focus on reading and analysing the classical canons and therapy-related texts including formularies and materia medica collections.However,focusing on these sources provides us with a one-sided presentation of Chinese medicine.These primary sources lack the clinical down-to-earth know-how that encompasses medical treatment,which are represented,for instance,in the clinical rounds of modern medical schools.Our traditional focus on the medical canons and formularies provides almost no clinical knowledge,leaving us with a one-sided narrative that ignores how medicine and healing are actually practiced in the field.This paper focuses on the latter aspect of medicine from a historical perspective.Using written and visual sources dating to the Song dynasty,clinical encounters between doctors and patients including their families are depicted based on case records recorded by a physician,members of the patient’s family,and bystanders.This array of case records or case stories will enable us to narrate the interaction between physicians and patients both from the clinical perspective and from the social interaction.This paper will also discuss visual depictions of the medical encounter to provide another perspective for narrating medicine during the Song dynasty.Medical case records and paintings depicting medical encounters are exemplary of the potential of Chinese primary sources for narrative medicine.

A Set of Acupuncture Needles in the Late Qing Dynasty Collected by George Souliéde Morant

In the early 20th century,French vice-consul George Souliéde Morant encountered acupuncture during his visit to China,and then brought it back to France.After more than a century,his collection was transported from Paris,France to Kunming,China,and later recognized as a Chinese national third-class precious cultural heritage.Currently housed in the Museum of Western Studies on Chinese Medicine at Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,this set of instruments includes one needle holder converted from a fan-shaped holder,ten acupuncture needles,and eleven paper tags handwritten in English with names of diseases and body parts.This article attempts to present the foundational information and historical significance of this collection of this set of late Qing dynasty acupuncture instruments by reviewing the collection and related research on acupuncture instruments,consulting acupuncture professionals,measuring the detailed information of the set of instruments,and employing a method of translating and summarizing the content of the attached tags.

Tea of Harmony Yaji Cultural Salon·Tang Dynasty Tea Ceremony Activity Held at China Cultural Center in Stockholm

An immersive Tang-dynastystyle tea ceremony interactive experience was performed before a full house at China Cultural Center in Stockholm in the afternoon of June 25,accompanied by the melodious tunes of Guzheng and bamboo flute.

Construction of the Genealogy of Eccentric Monks Based on the Historical Materials of Chan Buddhism in the Song Dynasty--From Enlightened Masters in Chan Buddhism,Sages,to Saints

Regarding the Chan Buddhism lamp records from the Song Dynasty and starting from Jing De Zhuan Deng Lu,the category of“enlightened masters in Chan Buddhism”禪門達者was listed separately,meaning a separate category was established for eccentric monks who pretended to be crazy,had unknown inheritance and miraculous deeds,and were difficult to classify.The following lamp records named this category of eccentric monks as“sages”散聖,or“saints”應化聖賢,which constructed another historical genealogy for the special Chan Buddhism eccentric monks.Moreover,the early lamp records included mostly idiosyncratic mad monks from previous dynasties.Since the Southern Song Dynasty,Chan Buddhism historical materials included many sages from the current dynasty.Therefore,this study mainly examines how the genealogy of Chan Buddhism eccentric monks was constructed in Song Dynasty Chan Buddhism lamp records,including quotations,and organizes the images of eccentric monks in the Song Dynasty,as written in Chan Buddhism historical materials,in order that the meaning of existence of these enlightened masters,sages,saints,etc.,included in the genealogy of Song Dynasty eccentric monks in the history of Chan Buddhism can be reflected.

宋代湘江流域人口变迁研究

湘江流域地区的人口在宋代发生了巨大的变迁。在经济发展与移民迁入的影响下,湘江流域人口数量迎来了一次飞跃发展,变化趋势表现为快速上升,少量下降,再稳步上升。北宋时期,湘江流域的人口年均增长率始终排在全国前列,这一时期湘江流域人口发展速度非常快,南宋时期,湘江流域人口年均增长率大幅下降,人口增速减缓。湘江流域的人口分布与地区经济发展水平密切相关,到南宋末年,潭州、衡州、岳州等地因经济发展较好,人口密度高于其它各州。湘江流域的人口分布是不平衡的,人口稠密区起初集中在湘江干流河谷地带,南宋时期又转向了湘江中下游地区。

Garden Features in Tang Dynasty and Urban Planning and Construction of Xi'an City

By taking gardens in Tang Dynasty which play an important historical role in Chinese garden development history as case study,garden features in Tang Dynasty had been described from the aspects of cultural,ecological and planning characteristics,so as to explore the development trace of Tang garden culture,based on which relevant problems in urban planning and construction of Xi'an were discussed;and some countermeasures and suggestions on cultural,ecological and planning construction in the preservation of this ancient city were put forward.

Structural Carpentry in Qing Dynasty-A Framework for the Hierarchically Modularized Chinese Timber Structural Design

This article, by using mathematical expressions, offers a scientific framework for understanding how the grading system of Qing′s structural carpentry determines the design and construction in the grand style timber architecture.The Qing′s grand style timber structure, which is ready for prefabrication and assembly, is extremely hierarchical oriented and significantly standardized. The general procedure in designing a grand style timber structure is to start with the grade that defines the basic module (dou kou); next comes with the number of bracket set (cuan), the number of longitudinal bays and the number of purlins which affect its plan and cross section; thirdly choose a roof type that determines its longitudinal section and the facade as well. A series of formulae are conducted to help depict the layout, cross sectional roof curvature and special longitudinal treatments in 4 sloped and 9 spined roofs respectively.

断代诗歌修辞史研究的重要成果——评段曹林教授的《唐诗修辞史研究》

段曹林教授的《唐诗修辞史研究》是一部体系科学、材料翔实、方法科学的学术著作。作为断代史与文体(语体)史相融合的中国修辞史研究的拓荒之作,段著对唐诗修辞史的研究是基于对唐诗中的修辞现象及其发展演变轨迹进行系统梳理、分析和总结,以唐诗中各种修辞现象的发展演变为研究对象,考查唐诗中各类修辞手法和言语风格在不同时期、诗体、流派、题材的唐诗中的特点、变化和影响,比较不同历史阶段唐诗中比喻运用、句法修辞、言语风格等修辞现象,探讨唐诗修辞在诗歌修辞史中的特征、地位和贡献。

乌尔第三王朝的重名和规避国王名讳现象

在古代两河文明的进程中,乌尔第三王朝是经济、文化发展的鼎盛时期,留存下来的泥板文献数以万计。在这一时期的文献中,数以千计的人名中重名者较多,但未见与国王重名者,这一现象是对乌尔第三王朝的楔形文文献断代的一个重要依据,亦是判断相关人名的释读是否正确的重要参考。在已出版的研究成果中,部分学者因对该时期人名避国王名讳的情况重视不足,在文献释读的过程中出现了误读。

“秦人好兴事”及秦大型工程的历史言说与行政史教训

由余评价秦人工程“使人为之,亦苦民矣”,战国时人言“秦人好兴事”。秦统一之后兴建的著名工程,则有长城、阿房宫、骊山以及驰道、直道等。后世史论、政论或认为,秦工程规模之大,致使人力资源的扼杀式消耗、社会民生的摧毁性损伤、经济秩序的全面化破坏,是引发秦短促而亡的重要原因之一。有迹象表明,秦大型工程是以军事化形式组织和管理,显示出极高的效率。其所付出的社会代价,尤其是民众的生命成本,则体现出惊人的残酷。汉初营建非常重要的营造项目亦多注意工程规划的合理与人力动员的收敛,对秦政相关内容取“拨乱反正”的态度,体现出历史走向进步的趋势。

金代经学与诗学关系研究

金代经学与诗学发展紧密相关,具体表现在三个方面:一是在经学以儒为本的大纛下,诗学始终保持对风雅精神的传继。二是金源学者变汉宋经学本体之“道”为金源经学之“意”,发为“诚意”“己意”“中意”三端,促进了以意为主的诗学观之建构。三是金源经学呈现出博采多元的格局,影响了诗学复古与创变两条路径的共同演进。

山西镇明长城病害机理特征及影响因素研究——以忻州段古城墙为例

长城是我国现存规模最大的文化遗产,是中华民族的精神象征,在中华文明史和中华传统文化发展史上具有不可替代的重要价值与地位。目前,古城墙存在许多不同形式和程度的病害,主要有剥蚀、掏蚀、裂缝、冲沟等。故本研究以现存的山西镇忻州段古城墙为研究对象,通过文献研究、实地调研等方法,梳理总结出古城墙受自然环境、城市发展、公众参与三方面因素的影响,对遗存城墙的夯土和砖石进行调查分析,发现存在着遗址保护、展示工程和城市关系三方面的矛盾,并提出了一些预防性保护策略。以期为忻州明长城遗址相关保护规划提供一定的理论依据。

辽朝详稳渊源新论

以往学界多认为辽朝详稳源于突厥语“sangun”,为将军之意。本文通过考证详稳与相温、相公、将军等概念的异同,认为辽朝详稳一词源自汉语“相”,“稳”是指契丹语语法中修饰“详”字的附加成分。辽朝详稳官职来源于突厥、回鹘、吐蕃等边疆民族之“相”制,又在“会同改制”过程中脱离其原义,遂成为一种特殊的部族官职。

基于考古发现谈晋唐时期新疆饮食文化——以阿斯塔那古墓为例

新疆自古以来族群活动频繁,又因古丝绸之路成为东西方文化交流的中心,这促成当地文化的多样性。新疆阿斯塔那墓地出土了晋唐时期与饮食有关的诸多器物,展现了晋唐时期新疆民众的生活方式和饮食习惯,既是晋唐时期新疆地区社会发展与经济繁荣的直接体现,更呈现了晋唐时期丝绸之路文化交流的重要影响。研究基于历史文物的信息记载功能,为学界展示晋唐新疆的历史发展及丝绸之路的意义与价值。

明代嘉鱼李憭与四邑公堤修筑始末考

从宋代开始,为解决长江水对江夏、嘉鱼、咸宁、蒲圻四地沿江造成的水患,四地主政者不断修筑江堤,各地利害关系不一,所修江堤效果不太理想。明代万历年间,在嘉鱼李憭的呼吁协调下,历时数年,加固老堤,修筑新堤,长达上百里,被誉为四邑公堤,有效抵制了江水泛滥所造成的危害。其间,李憭在四邑公堤的修筑筹备方面积极倡导和协调,在修筑制度方面采取因地制宜灵活变通的措施,在修筑经费方面据实情合理估算费用,保证四邑公堤顺利完工。

宋孝宗朝崇苏文风之形成与苏文的传播

孝宗朝由于孝宗皇帝崇苏轼“立天下之大节”,雄视百代,为“一代文章之宗”,故多方推广苏轼文学,采取一系列举措,从而深刻影响了当时的太学文风,也提升了士人尊苏崇苏的热度。孝宗朝将苏轼文学传播从困境中解脱出来,使得“淳熙中,崇苏氏”成为一种社会倾向,同时,也为元明清三代以至于今日的苏轼文学传播奠定了良好基础。而孝宗朝的崇苏又有其更深远的意义,在于延及世人对三苏家教家风的更多关注与研究。

清至民国时期贵州野菜的辨别、加工与价值探析

贵州地处云贵高原,地理环境的复杂多变造就了丰富多样的野菜种类。各族人民常根据野菜的外形、生长季节等因素来辨别其可食用性。因野菜中多年生植物较多,且季节性强,一年中大部分时间都有不同类型的野菜可供采摘,即使是在出产量少的季节,亦有加工储存之野菜可供食用,以至于在20世纪80年代前,贵州黔东南、黔南部分少数民族地区仍常年不种家蔬,专以野菜为食。野菜除充饥外,还具有药用、营养、饲用、观赏等价值。因此,充分认识贵州野菜的资源优势,对贵州山区经济的发展有着重要意义。

论宋代宗泽的忠君及其影响

北宋建立后,由于五代十国长期战乱的影响,统治阶层想要建立以忠君观为核心的道德体系,士大夫的言行使得忠君观念更加深入人心,宗泽深受此一体系的影响,形成强烈的忠君意识。宗泽为官期间行政能力突出,且关心民生,体恤民情;面对金兵的威胁,宗泽领兵抗金,展现出忠君之情。宗泽的抗金忠君在南宋产生较大的影响,促使南宋部分武将积极抵御金兵的南下。