Recent mapping and seismic survey reveal that intensive compression during the Early Cenozoic in the Qiangtang block of the central Tibetan Plateau formed an extensive complex of thrust sheets that moved relatively so...Recent mapping and seismic survey reveal that intensive compression during the Early Cenozoic in the Qiangtang block of the central Tibetan Plateau formed an extensive complex of thrust sheets that moved relatively southward along several generally north-dipping great thrust systems. Those at the borders of the ~450 km wide block show it overrides the Lhasa block to the south and is overridden by the Hohxil-Bayanhar block to the north. The systems are mostly thin-skinned imbricate thrusts with associated folding. The thrust sheets are chiefly floored by Jurassic limestone that apparently slid over Triassic sandstone and shale, which is locally included, and ramped upward and over Paleocene-Eocene red-beds. Some central thrusts scooped deeper and carried up Paleozoic metamorphic rock, Permian carbonate and granite to form a central uplift that divides the Qiangtang block into two parts. These systems and their associated structures are unconformably overlain by little deformed Late Eocene-Oligocene volcanic rock or capped by Miocene lake beds. A thrust system in the northern part of the block, as well as one in the northern part of the adjacent Lhasa block, dip to the south and appear to be due to secondary adjustments within the thrust sheets. The relative southward displacement across this Early Cenozoic mega thrust system is in excess of 150 km in the Qiangtang block, and the average southward slip-rate of the southern Qiangtang thrusts ranged from 5.6 mm to 7.4 mm/a during the Late Eocene-Oligocene. This Early Cenozoic thrusting ended before the Early Miocene and was followed by Late Cenozoic crustal extension and strike-slip faulting within the Qiangtang block. The revelation and understanding of these thrust systems are very important for the evaluation of the petroleum resources of the region.展开更多
A Kubergandian （Kungurian） fusuline fauna from the lower part of the Lugu Formation in the Cuozheqiangma area,central Qiangtang Block is described.This fusuline fauna belongs to the Southern Transitional Zone in pal...A Kubergandian （Kungurian） fusuline fauna from the lower part of the Lugu Formation in the Cuozheqiangma area,central Qiangtang Block is described.This fusuline fauna belongs to the Southern Transitional Zone in palaeobiogeography,and is characterised by the presence of the distinctive bi-temperate genus Monodiexodina and many genera common in lower latitude Tethyan areas such as Parafusulina and Pseudodoliolina.The occurrence of Monodiexodina in the fauna confirms that the seamount-type carbonates of the Lugu Formation did not originate from the Palaeotethys Ocean,but rather from a branch of the Neotethys Ocean after the rifting of the Qiangtang Block from the Tethys Himalaya area in the Artinskian.展开更多
As one of the pivotal Gondwana-derived blocks,the kinematic history of the northern Qiangtang Block(in the Tibetan Plateau)remains unclear,mainly because quantitative paleomagnetic data to determine the paleoposition ...As one of the pivotal Gondwana-derived blocks,the kinematic history of the northern Qiangtang Block(in the Tibetan Plateau)remains unclear,mainly because quantitative paleomagnetic data to determine the paleoposition are sparse.Thus,for this study,we collected 226 samples(17 sites)from Triassic sedimentary rocks in the Raggyorcaka and Tuotuohe areas of the northern Qiangtang Block(NQB).Stepwise demagnetization isolated high temperature/field components from the samples.Both Early and Late Triassic datasets passed field tests at a 99%confidence level and were proved to be primary origins.Paleopoles were calculated to be at 24.9°N and 216.5°E with A95=8.2°(N=8)for the Early Triassic dataset,and at 68.1 N,179.9 E with A(95)=5.6°(N=37)for the Late Triassic,the latter being combined with a coeval volcanic dataset published previously.These paleopoles correspond to paleolatitudes of14.3°S±8.2°and 29.9 N15.6°,respectively.Combining previously published results,we reconstructed a three-stage northward drift process for the NQB.(1)The northern Qiangtang Block was located in the subtropical part of the southern hemisphere until the Early Triassic;(2)thereafter,the block rapidly drifted northward from southern to northern hemispheres during the Triassic;and(3)the block converged with the Eurasian continent in the Late Triassic.The^4800 km northward movement from the Early to Late Triassic corresponded to an average motion rate of^11.85 cm/yr.The rapid drift of the NQB after the Early Triassic led to a rapid transformation of the Tethys Ocean.展开更多
Tectonic evolution of the Tethys and the boundary between the Gondwanaland and the Eurasia during the Carboniferous and Permian remain hotly debated. Qiangtang region in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may be a key place to...Tectonic evolution of the Tethys and the boundary between the Gondwanaland and the Eurasia during the Carboniferous and Permian remain hotly debated. Qiangtang region in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may be a key place to study these problems. A paleomagnetic study was conducted on the Late Paleozoic rocks in the northern Qiangtang region （33.7°N, 86.7°W）, Tibet. Two sites （21 samples） in the Upper Carboniferous, eleven sites （101 samples） in the Permian, and two sites （16 samples） in the Lower Triassic were investigated. The rock magnetic data revealed hematite and magnetite as the main magnetic carders. In stepwise thermal demagnetization and/or combined alternating field （AC） demagnetization, two characteristic components in the majority of the samples were identified as （1） the Low-temperature Component （LTC）, characterized by northerly decli- nation and moderate to steep inclination, corresponding to a pole position overlay with the present North Pole. A minority of the samples present single component, and their directions are the same as （2） the High-temperature Component （HTC） of double components. The combined single-component and HTC data of the Permian can pass the R-test at 95% level and the F-test at 99% level, as well as the BC-test. The pole position from the Late Carboniferous is at 31.8°S, 45.7°E with dp=2.1, dm=3.9, that from the Early and Middle （Late） Permian is at 31.7°S, 46.8°E with @=9.2, dm=16.9 （34.4°N, 54.1°E with dp=6.9, dm=1 2.5） respectively, and that from the Early Triassic is at 16.9°S, 22.5°E with dp=4.9, dm=9.2. These pole positions are different from the other poles for the Qiangtang Block, which suggests the single-component and HTC directions are probably a primary magnetization and the northern Qiangtang Block was paleogeographically situated at low latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere in the Late Paleozoic.展开更多
Qiangtang Massif is located in the hinterland of Qinghai—Tibet plateau, which belong to the mid\|east section of Tethys Tectonic Domain.1 Features of the whole texture and structure of Qiangtang massif By synthetic a...Qiangtang Massif is located in the hinterland of Qinghai—Tibet plateau, which belong to the mid\|east section of Tethys Tectonic Domain.1 Features of the whole texture and structure of Qiangtang massif By synthetic analysis of gravity,magnetic field,MT,seismic surveying,etc. Geophysical data, the massif, lied in the tectonic setting and geodynamic setting mingled by the south,north tectonic belts, have the features of massif,basin and tectonic belt three forming an organic whole,multi\|degree coupling in plane and section with division of region in south\|north trend,division of block\|fault in east\|west trend,division of sphere\|layer in vertical direction. (1) Belting in south\|north trend: Qiangtang massif could be divided into four units from north to south, that is north edge doming zone, west part doming area,Qiangtang Basin and south edge doming zone. Qiangtang Basin also can be divided into four tectonic units—north Qiangtang down\|warping region, middle downing zone, south Qiangtang down\|warping and east part slope region. The near east\|west trend tectonic zones are well developed. There is aero\|magnetic anomaly distributed in belting with east\|west trend but also concentrated in section. Gravity anomaly is high in the south\|west part and low in the northeast part. Inter\|crust low resistance layer alternately distributed with high and low belting of sou th\|north trend in plane.展开更多
基金financially supporting the research under grants No.1212011221111,Sinoprobe-02-01 and 2006DFB21330 respectively
文摘Recent mapping and seismic survey reveal that intensive compression during the Early Cenozoic in the Qiangtang block of the central Tibetan Plateau formed an extensive complex of thrust sheets that moved relatively southward along several generally north-dipping great thrust systems. Those at the borders of the ~450 km wide block show it overrides the Lhasa block to the south and is overridden by the Hohxil-Bayanhar block to the north. The systems are mostly thin-skinned imbricate thrusts with associated folding. The thrust sheets are chiefly floored by Jurassic limestone that apparently slid over Triassic sandstone and shale, which is locally included, and ramped upward and over Paleocene-Eocene red-beds. Some central thrusts scooped deeper and carried up Paleozoic metamorphic rock, Permian carbonate and granite to form a central uplift that divides the Qiangtang block into two parts. These systems and their associated structures are unconformably overlain by little deformed Late Eocene-Oligocene volcanic rock or capped by Miocene lake beds. A thrust system in the northern part of the block, as well as one in the northern part of the adjacent Lhasa block, dip to the south and appear to be due to secondary adjustments within the thrust sheets. The relative southward displacement across this Early Cenozoic mega thrust system is in excess of 150 km in the Qiangtang block, and the average southward slip-rate of the southern Qiangtang thrusts ranged from 5.6 mm to 7.4 mm/a during the Late Eocene-Oligocene. This Early Cenozoic thrusting ended before the Early Miocene and was followed by Late Cenozoic crustal extension and strike-slip faulting within the Qiangtang block. The revelation and understanding of these thrust systems are very important for the evaluation of the petroleum resources of the region.
基金funded by National Science Foundation of China (40902006, 41290260)China Geological Survey (1212011121257)+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB03010102)Deakin University,and an Australian Research Council grant (to GRS)
文摘A Kubergandian （Kungurian） fusuline fauna from the lower part of the Lugu Formation in the Cuozheqiangma area,central Qiangtang Block is described.This fusuline fauna belongs to the Southern Transitional Zone in palaeobiogeography,and is characterised by the presence of the distinctive bi-temperate genus Monodiexodina and many genera common in lower latitude Tethyan areas such as Parafusulina and Pseudodoliolina.The occurrence of Monodiexodina in the fauna confirms that the seamount-type carbonates of the Lugu Formation did not originate from the Palaeotethys Ocean,but rather from a branch of the Neotethys Ocean after the rifting of the Qiangtang Block from the Tethys Himalaya area in the Artinskian.
基金Financial support for this study was jointly provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91855211.41421002,41674070,41702233,and 41774073)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(Grant No.17JK0784)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2017JQ4027)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC grant RGPIN-2019-04780)
文摘As one of the pivotal Gondwana-derived blocks,the kinematic history of the northern Qiangtang Block(in the Tibetan Plateau)remains unclear,mainly because quantitative paleomagnetic data to determine the paleoposition are sparse.Thus,for this study,we collected 226 samples(17 sites)from Triassic sedimentary rocks in the Raggyorcaka and Tuotuohe areas of the northern Qiangtang Block(NQB).Stepwise demagnetization isolated high temperature/field components from the samples.Both Early and Late Triassic datasets passed field tests at a 99%confidence level and were proved to be primary origins.Paleopoles were calculated to be at 24.9°N and 216.5°E with A95=8.2°(N=8)for the Early Triassic dataset,and at 68.1 N,179.9 E with A(95)=5.6°(N=37)for the Late Triassic,the latter being combined with a coeval volcanic dataset published previously.These paleopoles correspond to paleolatitudes of14.3°S±8.2°and 29.9 N15.6°,respectively.Combining previously published results,we reconstructed a three-stage northward drift process for the NQB.(1)The northern Qiangtang Block was located in the subtropical part of the southern hemisphere until the Early Triassic;(2)thereafter,the block rapidly drifted northward from southern to northern hemispheres during the Triassic;and(3)the block converged with the Eurasian continent in the Late Triassic.The^4800 km northward movement from the Early to Late Triassic corresponded to an average motion rate of^11.85 cm/yr.The rapid drift of the NQB after the Early Triassic led to a rapid transformation of the Tethys Ocean.
基金supported by the China Geology Survey Bureau Program (Grant No. 1212010610102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41074045)the Special Key Subject Funds of Colleges and Universities in Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 081802)
文摘Tectonic evolution of the Tethys and the boundary between the Gondwanaland and the Eurasia during the Carboniferous and Permian remain hotly debated. Qiangtang region in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may be a key place to study these problems. A paleomagnetic study was conducted on the Late Paleozoic rocks in the northern Qiangtang region （33.7°N, 86.7°W）, Tibet. Two sites （21 samples） in the Upper Carboniferous, eleven sites （101 samples） in the Permian, and two sites （16 samples） in the Lower Triassic were investigated. The rock magnetic data revealed hematite and magnetite as the main magnetic carders. In stepwise thermal demagnetization and/or combined alternating field （AC） demagnetization, two characteristic components in the majority of the samples were identified as （1） the Low-temperature Component （LTC）, characterized by northerly decli- nation and moderate to steep inclination, corresponding to a pole position overlay with the present North Pole. A minority of the samples present single component, and their directions are the same as （2） the High-temperature Component （HTC） of double components. The combined single-component and HTC data of the Permian can pass the R-test at 95% level and the F-test at 99% level, as well as the BC-test. The pole position from the Late Carboniferous is at 31.8°S, 45.7°E with dp=2.1, dm=3.9, that from the Early and Middle （Late） Permian is at 31.7°S, 46.8°E with @=9.2, dm=16.9 （34.4°N, 54.1°E with dp=6.9, dm=1 2.5） respectively, and that from the Early Triassic is at 16.9°S, 22.5°E with dp=4.9, dm=9.2. These pole positions are different from the other poles for the Qiangtang Block, which suggests the single-component and HTC directions are probably a primary magnetization and the northern Qiangtang Block was paleogeographically situated at low latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere in the Late Paleozoic.
文摘Qiangtang Massif is located in the hinterland of Qinghai—Tibet plateau, which belong to the mid\|east section of Tethys Tectonic Domain.1 Features of the whole texture and structure of Qiangtang massif By synthetic analysis of gravity,magnetic field,MT,seismic surveying,etc. Geophysical data, the massif, lied in the tectonic setting and geodynamic setting mingled by the south,north tectonic belts, have the features of massif,basin and tectonic belt three forming an organic whole,multi\|degree coupling in plane and section with division of region in south\|north trend,division of block\|fault in east\|west trend,division of sphere\|layer in vertical direction. (1) Belting in south\|north trend: Qiangtang massif could be divided into four units from north to south, that is north edge doming zone, west part doming area,Qiangtang Basin and south edge doming zone. Qiangtang Basin also can be divided into four tectonic units—north Qiangtang down\|warping region, middle downing zone, south Qiangtang down\|warping and east part slope region. The near east\|west trend tectonic zones are well developed. There is aero\|magnetic anomaly distributed in belting with east\|west trend but also concentrated in section. Gravity anomaly is high in the south\|west part and low in the northeast part. Inter\|crust low resistance layer alternately distributed with high and low belting of sou th\|north trend in plane.
